D. M. Dhahir, H. Mraity, A. Abojassim, Laith Najam, Hashim Yousef Yaqoub Al-kazrajy
In this article, natural radioactivity emitted from U, Th and K were measured in the samples of soil which were gathered from different schools of AlShatrah in Dhi Qar Governorate using Gama ray spectroscopy (NaI (Tl), "3×3" volume) technique. The radiation effects resulted from the exposure to radioactivity of the samples under study (e.g. radium equivalent parameter (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (Dr), the external hazard (Hex) and the internal hazard (Hin) indices, and the representative gamma rays hazard index (Iγ)) were calculated. The annual effective dose (AEDE) together with Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) index were also estimated. The results demonstrated that the averages of the specific activity of the U, Th and K were 10.85±1.34Bq/Kg, 5.81±0.66 Bq/Kg and 354.11±21.60 Bq/Kg, respectively. The average values of each of Raeq, Dr, Hex, Hin, Iγ, AEDEtotal and ELCR were 46.43±2.94 Bq/kg, 23.29±1.44 nGy/h, 0.125±0.007, 0.154±0.010, 0.366±0.022, 0.142±0.008 mSv/y and (0.499±0.030)×10 respectively. By comparing the resulted data of this study with that of the average world limits which have been established by UNSCEAR, OCDE and ICRP, one can concluded that there are no health risks threatening the residents of Shatrah due to these radionuclides exist in the soil.
{"title":"NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS IN SOIL SAMPLES OF SOME SCHOOLS IN AL-SHATRAH CITY AT DHI QAR GOVERNORATE, IRAQ","authors":"D. M. Dhahir, H. Mraity, A. Abojassim, Laith Najam, Hashim Yousef Yaqoub Al-kazrajy","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, natural radioactivity emitted from U, Th and K were measured in the samples of soil which were gathered from different schools of AlShatrah in Dhi Qar Governorate using Gama ray spectroscopy (NaI (Tl), \"3×3\" volume) technique. The radiation effects resulted from the exposure to radioactivity of the samples under study (e.g. radium equivalent parameter (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (Dr), the external hazard (Hex) and the internal hazard (Hin) indices, and the representative gamma rays hazard index (Iγ)) were calculated. The annual effective dose (AEDE) together with Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) index were also estimated. The results demonstrated that the averages of the specific activity of the U, Th and K were 10.85±1.34Bq/Kg, 5.81±0.66 Bq/Kg and 354.11±21.60 Bq/Kg, respectively. The average values of each of Raeq, Dr, Hex, Hin, Iγ, AEDEtotal and ELCR were 46.43±2.94 Bq/kg, 23.29±1.44 nGy/h, 0.125±0.007, 0.154±0.010, 0.366±0.022, 0.142±0.008 mSv/y and (0.499±0.030)×10 respectively. By comparing the resulted data of this study with that of the average world limits which have been established by UNSCEAR, OCDE and ICRP, one can concluded that there are no health risks threatening the residents of Shatrah due to these radionuclides exist in the soil.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"104-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on a vanadyl doped mixed Tutton salt (Zn 0.25 Mg 0.75 (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 .6H 2 O) system. The “g” and “A” parameters obtained from our studies were compared with other vanadyl doped Tutton salts and a critical analysis is presented. As the EPR results depend upon the vicinity of V 4+ of doped V=O ion in the host, the ‘g’ and ‘A’ parameters obtained from our studies reflect distorted octahedral surroundings of V 4+ in the Tutton salt host and two major types of metal –water linkages are established. Our findings are supported by the X-ray studies and electric field assisted de-aquation studies on Tutton salts by the earlier works. Critical analysis and correlation of the results indicate that the equatorial bonds and axial bonds between the oxygen of water molecules and the divalent cation in Tutton salts are of different nature, confirming that the octahedron formed by water molecules around the divalent ion in Tutton salts is distorted.
{"title":"ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES ON SOME TUTTON SALT SYSTEMS","authors":"N. Pant, A. L. Verma, S. Pandey","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on a vanadyl doped mixed Tutton salt (Zn 0.25 Mg 0.75 (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 .6H 2 O) system. The “g” and “A” parameters obtained from our studies were compared with other vanadyl doped Tutton salts and a critical analysis is presented. As the EPR results depend upon the vicinity of V 4+ of doped V=O ion in the host, the ‘g’ and ‘A’ parameters obtained from our studies reflect distorted octahedral surroundings of V 4+ in the Tutton salt host and two major types of metal –water linkages are established. Our findings are supported by the X-ray studies and electric field assisted de-aquation studies on Tutton salts by the earlier works. Critical analysis and correlation of the results indicate that the equatorial bonds and axial bonds between the oxygen of water molecules and the divalent cation in Tutton salts are of different nature, confirming that the octahedron formed by water molecules around the divalent ion in Tutton salts is distorted.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. M. Oghenochuko, Onyenoro G. N. Ezeri, Irewole M. Takeet, F. I. Adeosun, Ismail Disu, Chidinma F. Ogbia
Parasites are the second most abundant microorganisms that infect and cause disease in wild and cultured fish after bacteria. The study investigated the parasite prevalence, abundance, mean intensity and dominance in some fresh water fish from Akomoje, Ogun River, Nigeria from February to May, 2016. Eight fish species were collected and identified to the species level. Experimental fish were measured and weighed. Endoand ectoparasites were examined for; from Skin/scale, dorsal and caudal fins, gills, intestine and stomach of fish. Water sample was collected from shore, mid and extreme of the landing site and also analysed for parasite abundance. Prevalence of parasite in all fish species varied slightly with size. Myxozoan group revealed the highest dominance of ectoand endo-parasites in virtually all fish species while mean intensity and abundance of Myxozoan spp. was highest in Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus. Highest case of a single species of ectoand endo-parasite in a fish sample was that of Nematode larva in Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (41.43 %) and Trichocerca sp. (Rotifera) in Mormyrus rume (52.9 %).Water analysis revealed three parasite groups that were present in the sampled fish. Conclusively, Akomoje landing site of Ogun River has a rich burden of parasites.
{"title":"ENDO AND ECTO PARASITE PREVALENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN SOME FISH SPECIES FROM AKOMOJE, OGUN RIVER SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA","authors":"O. M. Oghenochuko, Onyenoro G. N. Ezeri, Irewole M. Takeet, F. I. Adeosun, Ismail Disu, Chidinma F. Ogbia","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites are the second most abundant microorganisms that infect and cause disease in wild and cultured fish after bacteria. The study investigated the parasite prevalence, abundance, mean intensity and dominance in some fresh water fish from Akomoje, Ogun River, Nigeria from February to May, 2016. Eight fish species were collected and identified to the species level. Experimental fish were measured and weighed. Endoand ectoparasites were examined for; from Skin/scale, dorsal and caudal fins, gills, intestine and stomach of fish. Water sample was collected from shore, mid and extreme of the landing site and also analysed for parasite abundance. Prevalence of parasite in all fish species varied slightly with size. Myxozoan group revealed the highest dominance of ectoand endo-parasites in virtually all fish species while mean intensity and abundance of Myxozoan spp. was highest in Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus. Highest case of a single species of ectoand endo-parasite in a fish sample was that of Nematode larva in Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (41.43 %) and Trichocerca sp. (Rotifera) in Mormyrus rume (52.9 %).Water analysis revealed three parasite groups that were present in the sampled fish. Conclusively, Akomoje landing site of Ogun River has a rich burden of parasites.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41340918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.11
Z. Rahmad, G. Akomolafe, M. Asyraf
{"title":"WOODY PLANTS DIVERSITY IN SOME PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FORESTS IN PENANG, MALAYSIA","authors":"Z. Rahmad, G. Akomolafe, M. Asyraf","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"132-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper is contributed for the analysis of system possessing cold standby i.e. active standby redundancy mode. Initially, both similar units are observed to be in operative situation. The inspection procedure for failed units has been introduced who inspect the exact failure and communicate the repairman to repair the exact failed part of unit by replacing with new one with same performance capacity. As the system is following discrete mechanism so the results related to system reliability like MTSF, system availability in operative state, repair & failed time are obtained with application of geometric distribution & regenerative technique. Graphical analysis had also been workout for analyzing the behaviour of profit function with increasing/decreasing rate of repair mechanism and failure rate.
{"title":"RELIABILITY ANALYSIS TO INDUSTRIAL ACTIVE STANDBY REDUNDANT SYSTEM","authors":"J. Bhatti","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is contributed for the analysis of system possessing cold standby i.e. active standby redundancy mode. Initially, both similar units are observed to be in operative situation. The inspection procedure for failed units has been introduced who inspect the exact failure and communicate the repairman to repair the exact failed part of unit by replacing with new one with same performance capacity. As the system is following discrete mechanism so the results related to system reliability like MTSF, system availability in operative state, repair & failed time are obtained with application of geometric distribution & regenerative technique. Graphical analysis had also been workout for analyzing the behaviour of profit function with increasing/decreasing rate of repair mechanism and failure rate.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.10
M. Ismail, S. D. Ramaiya, M. Zakaria, N. Ikhsan, M. A. Awang
Seaweeds are abundant and are an important renewable resource for the coastal community since they are rich sources of minerals and natural bioactive compounds. Among them, the Caulerpa species under green seaweeds is widely consumed by locals in Southeast Asia. Edible seaweeds are often associated with various health benefits. However, in Malaysia, limited studies have been done on the mineral and antioxidant levels of seaweeds, especially for the Caulerpa species. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the variations of minerals and antioxidants of selected Caulerpa species in Malaysia. The samples were collected in two study sites, which were Blue Lagoon, Port Dickson and Merambong Shoal, Johor. Two species, C. racemosa and C. manorensis were recorded from Merambong Shoal, Johor, while five species were recorded namely C. sertularioides, C. racemosa var lamourouxii, C. lentillifera, C. racemosa var cylindracea and C. racemosa at Blue Lagoon, Port Dickson. Among all the Caulerpa species from both study sites, C. manorensis possessed the highest phosphorus content (139.54 mg/100g) while C. racemosa from both Merambong and Blue Lagoon Port Dickson’s calcium (Ca) content was significantly highest at 2318.33 – 2406.66 mg/100g. All the Caulerpa species possessed high sodium (Na) content ranging 9338.30 – 21748.30 mg/100g. For micronutrients, the highest zinc content was recorded in C. manorensis (3.40 mg/100g) while the copper content was significantly highest in C. racemosa from Port Dickson (1.05 mg/100g). The methanol extract of C. sertularioides possessed phytochemical attributes of high antioxidant activity (DPPH EC50 = 24.16 mg/mL) with a high FRAP value being recorded in C. lentillifera (27.09 mg TE/100g). The TPC and TFC were highest in C. lentillifera with 57.95 mg GAE/100g and 1506.41 mg QE/100g respectively. The present study revealed that Caulerpa species contained constituents with significant mineral compositions and phytochemical attributes suitable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses.
{"title":"MINERAL CONTENT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED CAULERPA SPECIES FROM MALAYSIA","authors":"M. Ismail, S. D. Ramaiya, M. Zakaria, N. Ikhsan, M. A. Awang","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds are abundant and are an important renewable resource for the coastal community since they are rich sources of minerals and natural bioactive compounds. Among them, the Caulerpa species under green seaweeds is widely consumed by locals in Southeast Asia. Edible seaweeds are often associated with various health benefits. However, in Malaysia, limited studies have been done on the mineral and antioxidant levels of seaweeds, especially for the Caulerpa species. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the variations of minerals and antioxidants of selected Caulerpa species in Malaysia. The samples were collected in two study sites, which were Blue Lagoon, Port Dickson and Merambong Shoal, Johor. Two species, C. racemosa and C. manorensis were recorded from Merambong Shoal, Johor, while five species were recorded namely C. sertularioides, C. racemosa var lamourouxii, C. lentillifera, C. racemosa var cylindracea and C. racemosa at Blue Lagoon, Port Dickson. Among all the Caulerpa species from both study sites, C. manorensis possessed the highest phosphorus content (139.54 mg/100g) while C. racemosa from both Merambong and Blue Lagoon Port Dickson’s calcium (Ca) content was significantly highest at 2318.33 – 2406.66 mg/100g. All the Caulerpa species possessed high sodium (Na) content ranging 9338.30 – 21748.30 mg/100g. For micronutrients, the highest zinc content was recorded in C. manorensis (3.40 mg/100g) while the copper content was significantly highest in C. racemosa from Port Dickson (1.05 mg/100g). The methanol extract of C. sertularioides possessed phytochemical attributes of high antioxidant activity (DPPH EC50 = 24.16 mg/mL) with a high FRAP value being recorded in C. lentillifera (27.09 mg TE/100g). The TPC and TFC were highest in C. lentillifera with 57.95 mg GAE/100g and 1506.41 mg QE/100g respectively. The present study revealed that Caulerpa species contained constituents with significant mineral compositions and phytochemical attributes suitable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on human and primate interactions have been very popular but this is the first of such work examining a local scenario within a city campus in Malaysia. A study conducted in University of Malaya (UM) campus on the human and macaque interface showed that undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 4 had similar perceptions and experiences with macaque disturbances and consequences. It was significantly perceived that foraging had caused the macaques to enter residential colleges or faculties. A high percentage of students opted for macaque translocation to curtail the problem. The two focused macaque groups consumed different proportions of natural and artificial food, scavenged or offered, in their natural habitat. Natural food consumed by these animals consisted of petioles, leaves and fruits from different species of plants whereas the artificial food included the types consumed by humans. The major anthropogenic disturbance on the macaque groups was human presence (their approaching the animals or being nearby). Findings from this work conclusively revealed that the commonly perceived undesirable impact of macaques onto human beings also happened reciprocally from humans to macaques. ABSTRAK Kajian tentang interaksi manusia dengan primat adalah sangat popular tetapi ini merupakan kali pertamanya dijalankan dalam kampus tempatan Malaysia. Satu kajian yang dijalankan dalam kampus Universiti Malaya (UM) atas pertalian manusia-primat menunjukkan mahasiswa Tahun 1 hingga 4 mempunyai persepsi dan pengalaman mengenai gangguan kera dan kesan gangguan kera yang hampir sama. Mereka berpendapat bahawa pencarian makanan merupakan faktor utama kemasukan kera ke kolej kediaman dan fakulti serta bersetuju kaedah tangkap pindah dapat mengurangkan gangguan kera tersebut. 2 kumpulan fokus kera dalam kajian ini mempunyai diet pemakanan yang berlainan dari segi perkadaran makanan semulajadi dan buatan. Bahagian makanan semulajadi yang dimakan oleh kera dalam kajian ini termasuk daun, buah dan tangkai daun manakala makanan buatan termasuk makanan manusia. Gangguan manusia yang utama terhadap kera adalah kehadiran manusia (menghampiri atau berdekatan). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa impak yang tidak diingini yang biasa dilihat dari kera ke atas manusia juga berlaku secara timbal-balik dari manusia ke kera.
关于人类和灵长类动物相互作用的研究一直很受欢迎，但这是第一次在马来西亚城市校园内研究当地情况。马来亚大学(University of Malaya, UM)校园进行的一项关于人类和猕猴界面的研究表明，一年级到四年级的本科生对猕猴的干扰和后果有着相似的感知和经历。人们明显感觉到，觅食导致猕猴进入住宿学院或院系。很高比例的学生选择猕猴迁移来解决这个问题。这两组猕猴在它们的自然栖息地食用了不同比例的天然和人工食物，这些食物是自己捡来的还是别人提供的。这些动物食用的天然食物包括不同种类植物的叶柄、叶子和果实，而人工食物包括人类食用的种类。对猕猴群体的主要人为干扰是人类的存在(他们接近动物或在附近)。这项工作的发现最终揭示了通常认为猕猴对人类的不良影响也发生在人类和猕猴之间。【摘要】马来西亚大学，马来西亚大学，马来西亚大学，马来西亚大学。马来亚大学(uma)，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学，马来西亚国立大学。Mereka berpendapat bahawan makanan merupakan fakto utama kemasukan kakakan kakakan kakakan kakakan fakulti serta bersetuju kaedah tangkap pindah dapat mengurangkan gangguan kera tersebut。2 kumpulan fokus kera dalam kajian ini mempunyai diet pemakanan Yang berlainan dari segi perkadaran makanan semulajadi Dan buatan。Bahagian makanan semulajadi yang dimakan oleh kera dalam kajian ini termasuk daun, buah dan tangkai daun manakala makanan buatan termasuk makanan manusia。Gangguan manusia yang utama terhadap kera adalah kehadiran manusia (menghampiri atau berdekatan)。Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa impak yang tidak diingini yang biasa dilihat dari kera kera taka jana juga berlaku secara timbal-balik daria kera。
{"title":"ETHNOPRIMATOLOGY: HUMAN-MACAQUE INTERFACE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA CAMPUS","authors":"Wenyuh Koh, Y. Rashid","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on human and primate interactions have been very popular but this is the first of such work examining a local scenario within a city campus in Malaysia. A study conducted in University of Malaya (UM) campus on the human and macaque interface showed that undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 4 had similar perceptions and experiences with macaque disturbances and consequences. It was significantly perceived that foraging had caused the macaques to enter residential colleges or faculties. A high percentage of students opted for macaque translocation to curtail the problem. The two focused macaque groups consumed different proportions of natural and artificial food, scavenged or offered, in their natural habitat. Natural food consumed by these animals consisted of petioles, leaves and fruits from different species of plants whereas the artificial food included the types consumed by humans. The major anthropogenic disturbance on the macaque groups was human presence (their approaching the animals or being nearby). Findings from this work conclusively revealed that the commonly perceived undesirable impact of macaques onto human beings also happened reciprocally from humans to macaques. ABSTRAK Kajian tentang interaksi manusia dengan primat adalah sangat popular tetapi ini merupakan kali pertamanya dijalankan dalam kampus tempatan Malaysia. Satu kajian yang dijalankan dalam kampus Universiti Malaya (UM) atas pertalian manusia-primat menunjukkan mahasiswa Tahun 1 hingga 4 mempunyai persepsi dan pengalaman mengenai gangguan kera dan kesan gangguan kera yang hampir sama. Mereka berpendapat bahawa pencarian makanan merupakan faktor utama kemasukan kera ke kolej kediaman dan fakulti serta bersetuju kaedah tangkap pindah dapat mengurangkan gangguan kera tersebut. 2 kumpulan fokus kera dalam kajian ini mempunyai diet pemakanan yang berlainan dari segi perkadaran makanan semulajadi dan buatan. Bahagian makanan semulajadi yang dimakan oleh kera dalam kajian ini termasuk daun, buah dan tangkai daun manakala makanan buatan termasuk makanan manusia. Gangguan manusia yang utama terhadap kera adalah kehadiran manusia (menghampiri atau berdekatan). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa impak yang tidak diingini yang biasa dilihat dari kera ke atas manusia juga berlaku secara timbal-balik dari manusia ke kera.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"17-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modelling environment processes, multi-disciplinary methods are used to explain, explore and predict how the earth responds to natural human-induced environmental changes over time. Consequently, when analyzing spatial processes in environmental and ecological studies, the spatial parameters of interest are always heterogeneous. This often negates the stationarity assumption. In this article, we propose the adaptive parametric nonstationary covariance structure for spatial processes. The adaptive turning parameter for this model was also proposed for nonstationary processes. The flexibility and efficiency of the propose model was examined through simulation. A real life data was also use to examine the efficiency of the propose model. The results show that the propose model perform competitively with existing models.
{"title":"\"ADAPTIVE PARAMETRIC MODEL FOR NONSTATIONARY SPATIAL COVARIANCE\"","authors":"J. T. Eghwerido, J. I. Mbegbu","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"In modelling environment processes, multi-disciplinary methods are used to explain, explore and predict how the earth responds to natural human-induced environmental changes over time. Consequently, when analyzing spatial processes in environmental and ecological studies, the spatial parameters of interest are always heterogeneous. This often negates the stationarity assumption. In this article, we propose the adaptive parametric nonstationary covariance structure for spatial processes. The adaptive turning parameter for this model was also proposed for nonstationary processes. The flexibility and efficiency of the propose model was examined through simulation. A real life data was also use to examine the efficiency of the propose model. The results show that the propose model perform competitively with existing models.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"51-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43616353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Widyaningsih, M. Chasani, Zusfahair Zusfahair, Muhamad Sofie Khaerul Anam, Alny Nur Anisya
The cellulose acetate membrane based on coconut sap was successfully synthesized by phase inversion method. Membrane application on desalination has been done to know membrane performance. The additive can affect the membrane performance. This research was conducted to find out the effect of the additive. The additives are polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formamide. Membrane characterization studied including flux, rejection, tensile strength, and pore size. The result showed that cellulose acetate membrane with PEG has 7.08 L/(m2.h) of flux and 32.23% of rejection. While membrane with formamide has 7.08 L/(m2.h) of flux and 46% of rejection. The additive can increase the membrane performance. Formamide additive gives a better membrane characteristic than PEG.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVE ON CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE FROM COCONUT SAP IN DESALINATION APPLICATION","authors":"S. Widyaningsih, M. Chasani, Zusfahair Zusfahair, Muhamad Sofie Khaerul Anam, Alny Nur Anisya","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The cellulose acetate membrane based on coconut sap was successfully synthesized by phase inversion method. Membrane application on desalination has been done to know membrane performance. The additive can affect the membrane performance. This research was conducted to find out the effect of the additive. The additives are polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formamide. Membrane characterization studied including flux, rejection, tensile strength, and pore size. The result showed that cellulose acetate membrane with PEG has 7.08 L/(m2.h) of flux and 32.23% of rejection. While membrane with formamide has 7.08 L/(m2.h) of flux and 46% of rejection. The additive can increase the membrane performance. Formamide additive gives a better membrane characteristic than PEG.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41473338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurnadiah Roslan, Teh Ser Huy, Wong Sher Ming, N. Khalid, Z. Mohamed
Abstract Fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) is a monocot plant from Zingiberaceae family, and it has been used as food, spices and herbal remedy for over 2000 years. In some Asian countries, it is commonly consumed as a traditional meal or used as a spice ingredient and traditional medicine. Its ethnomedicinal properties derived from rhizome extracts have broadly drawn attention to further explore its medicinal and health values. Recently, the compounds extracted from its rhizome have been studied, and the findings showed that it posed anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds from rhizome extracts are plant secondary metabolites synthesized from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by a number of enzymes. In most plants, chalcone synthase (CHS) is one of the key enzymes that initiate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, at least four to five copies of BrCHS transcripts were successfully detected and predominantly expressed in a tissue-specific manner (leaves, flowers, rhizomes and cell suspension cultures). Later, BrCHS2 transcript isolated from the rhizomes was chosen to be introduced into B. rotunda cell suspension culture to observe the regulation of transgene expression in the plant pathways.
{"title":"TISSUE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) TRANSCRIPTS AND OVEREXPRESSION OF BrCHS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA","authors":"Nurnadiah Roslan, Teh Ser Huy, Wong Sher Ming, N. Khalid, Z. Mohamed","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) is a monocot plant from Zingiberaceae family, and it has been used as food, spices and herbal remedy for over 2000 years. In some Asian countries, it is commonly consumed as a traditional meal or used as a spice ingredient and traditional medicine. Its ethnomedicinal properties derived from rhizome extracts have broadly drawn attention to further explore its medicinal and health values. Recently, the compounds extracted from its rhizome have been studied, and the findings showed that it posed anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds from rhizome extracts are plant secondary metabolites synthesized from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by a number of enzymes. In most plants, chalcone synthase (CHS) is one of the key enzymes that initiate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, at least four to five copies of BrCHS transcripts were successfully detected and predominantly expressed in a tissue-specific manner (leaves, flowers, rhizomes and cell suspension cultures). Later, BrCHS2 transcript isolated from the rhizomes was chosen to be introduced into B. rotunda cell suspension culture to observe the regulation of transgene expression in the plant pathways.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":"92-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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