The study was conducted to assess the effect of Zingiber officinale and Carica papaya extract on the egg hatchability of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This is a freshwater snail that is considered a pest in agriculture as well as natural ecosystems. In combating the population of the aforementioned pest, this study evaluates the use of plant extracts such as biomolluscicides to control the production of new hatchlings from the clusters of eggs. The egg clusters were exposed to different concentrations of Z. officinale ethanolic extract and C. papaya methanolic extracts (25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm) using the direct single spraying method. Observation was made for a maximum of 30 days. The time taken for the eggs to hatch and the number of eggs successfully hatched were measured to reflect the potential of both extracts in affecting egg hatchability. The finding shows that the eggs hatch later when exposed to increasing concentrations (25 to 100 ppm) of Z. officinale extract. The number of eggs successfully hatched was significantly decreased from 86% to 9% after exposure to 25 ppm and above. Meanwhile, the extract of C. papaya did not show any significant effect on both parameters for egg hatchability of P. canaliculata, regardless of the increase in concentration from 25 to 100 ppm. Our findings reveal that the extract of Z. officinale contains higher molluscicidal activity than the extract of C. papaya. Therefore, it has the potential to be commercialized as a biomolluscicide to control the population of golden apple snails specifically at the egg stage.
{"title":"MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE AND CARICA PAPAYA ON THE EGG HATCHABILITY OF THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL, POMACEA CANALICULATA (GASTROPODA: AMPULIRIIDAE)","authors":"H. Ismail, Nadia Nisha Musa","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess the effect of Zingiber officinale and Carica papaya extract on the egg hatchability of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This is a freshwater snail that is considered a pest in agriculture as well as natural ecosystems. In combating the population of the aforementioned pest, this study evaluates the use of plant extracts such as biomolluscicides to control the production of new hatchlings from the clusters of eggs. The egg clusters were exposed to different concentrations of Z. officinale ethanolic extract and C. papaya methanolic extracts (25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm) using the direct single spraying method. Observation was made for a maximum of 30 days. The time taken for the eggs to hatch and the number of eggs successfully hatched were measured to reflect the potential of both extracts in affecting egg hatchability. The finding shows that the eggs hatch later when exposed to increasing concentrations (25 to 100 ppm) of Z. officinale extract. The number of eggs successfully hatched was significantly decreased from 86% to 9% after exposure to 25 ppm and above. Meanwhile, the extract of C. papaya did not show any significant effect on both parameters for egg hatchability of P. canaliculata, regardless of the increase in concentration from 25 to 100 ppm. Our findings reveal that the extract of Z. officinale contains higher molluscicidal activity than the extract of C. papaya. Therefore, it has the potential to be commercialized as a biomolluscicide to control the population of golden apple snails specifically at the egg stage.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47069869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the integral solutions to the Diophantine equation where . We first generalise the forms of and that satisfy the equation. We then show the general forms of non-negative integral solutions to the equation under several conditions. We also investigate some special cases in which the integral solutions exist.
{"title":"A GENERALISATION OF THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION x^2+8∙7^b=y^2r","authors":"S. H. Sapar, Kai Siong Yow","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the integral solutions to the Diophantine equation where . We first generalise the forms of and that satisfy the equation. We then show the general forms of non-negative integral solutions to the equation under several conditions. We also investigate some special cases in which the integral solutions exist.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46149854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted in the marine finfish cage culture area in Sungai Udang, Penang, at the northern part of the Malacca Straits to examine the phytoplankton composition and abundance especially for potentially harmful phytoplankton. Monthly sampling were taken from March 2016 to January 2017 at nine sampling stations. Physio-chemical parameters of surface seawater such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate) were also measured. A total of 54 phytoplankton taxa were recorded, with 37 genera belonged to diatoms, 15 of dinoflagellates, and 2 of cyanobacteria. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms (>85%) at all sampling stations throughout the sampling period. The phytoplankton abundance ranged between 2.6×103 cells L-1 and 5.8×106 cells L-1. The potentially harmful toxic phytoplankton observed throughout the sampling period are dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp., Prorocentrum micans and Dinophysis caudata and diatoms, Pseudo-nitzchia spp but in low cell density. A total of six bloom-forming phytoplankton that can potentially trigger mass mortality of cultured fish such as Akashiwo sanguinea, Chaetoceros spp., Ceratium furca, Ceratium fusus, Margalefidinium spp. and Karlodinium spp. recorded at this area were relatively low in cell densities. Furthermore, no fish kill incident was reported in the area from blooms of phytoplankton during the period of study. Even though potentially harmful phytoplankton present were in low densities, they may pose significant risks to aquaculture activity if there is a sudden bloom. Hence, a monitoring program should be implemented to provide early warning of harmful algae blooms and safeguard the aquaculture industry in Sungai Udang, Penang.
{"title":"PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION OF MARICULTURE AREA IN SUNGAI UDANG, PENANG, MALAYSIA, THE NORTHERN STRAIT OF MALACCA","authors":"R. Razali, M. A. Rahim, K. Yaacob","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.7","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in the marine finfish cage culture area in Sungai Udang, Penang, at the northern part of the Malacca Straits to examine the phytoplankton composition and abundance especially for potentially harmful phytoplankton. Monthly sampling were taken from March 2016 to January 2017 at nine sampling stations. Physio-chemical parameters of surface seawater such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate) were also measured. A total of 54 phytoplankton taxa were recorded, with 37 genera belonged to diatoms, 15 of dinoflagellates, and 2 of cyanobacteria. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms (>85%) at all sampling stations throughout the sampling period. The phytoplankton abundance ranged between 2.6×103 cells L-1 and 5.8×106 cells L-1. The potentially harmful toxic phytoplankton observed throughout the sampling period are dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp., Prorocentrum micans and Dinophysis caudata and diatoms, Pseudo-nitzchia spp but in low cell density. A total of six bloom-forming phytoplankton that can potentially trigger mass mortality of cultured fish such as Akashiwo sanguinea, Chaetoceros spp., Ceratium furca, Ceratium fusus, Margalefidinium spp. and Karlodinium spp. recorded at this area were relatively low in cell densities. Furthermore, no fish kill incident was reported in the area from blooms of phytoplankton during the period of study. Even though potentially harmful phytoplankton present were in low densities, they may pose significant risks to aquaculture activity if there is a sudden bloom. Hence, a monitoring program should be implemented to provide early warning of harmful algae blooms and safeguard the aquaculture industry in Sungai Udang, Penang.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47930318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azreena Jamahari, Ling-Chie Wong, Xiaolai Fan, Qiaoquan Liu, S. S. Leong, Fauziah Abu Bakar, Amy Halimah Rajiee, J. King, S. Wong
Beta-glucan in cereal crops is known as a functional food, which can reduce cardiovascular diseases by lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, beta-glucan content is relatively low in rice grains, despite being relatively abundant in barley and oat grains. Taking advantage of rice as the staple food for Asians, increasing beta-glucan content in rice for their consumption may help to reduce cardiovascular-related diseases among them. Previous attempts in increasing beta-glucan content in rice via transgene expression of beta-glucan synthase genes from barley into rice were unsuccessful due to the use of non-tissue specific as well as constitutively expressing promoter. The current transgenic expression study was performed to characterise the promoter of beta-glucan synthase gene in barley using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Two fragments of HvCslF6 promoter (2771 bp and 1257 bp) were successfully fused with GUS reporter gene and integrated into rice plants, demonstrated that the promoter was functional in the heterologous plant system. The presence of blue GUS staining was observed on the leaf, root, stem, and grain of the transgenic rice regardless of the promoter length used and stayed functional up to the next generation. GUS qualitative analysis confirmed that the shorter promoter length generated a stronger GUS activity in comparison to the longer one. This indicated that the presence of repressor elements in between the -2771 bp and -1257 bp regions. The preliminary results shed light on the strong promoter activity in the rice endosperm tissue. It can become an alternative to the collection of plant promoters that can be used for grain quality improvement and biofortification.
{"title":"CHARACTERISATION OF HORDEUM VULGARE CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE F6 PROMOTER VIA TRANSGENE EXPRESSION IN RICE","authors":"Azreena Jamahari, Ling-Chie Wong, Xiaolai Fan, Qiaoquan Liu, S. S. Leong, Fauziah Abu Bakar, Amy Halimah Rajiee, J. King, S. Wong","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-glucan in cereal crops is known as a functional food, which can reduce cardiovascular diseases by lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, beta-glucan content is relatively low in rice grains, despite being relatively abundant in barley and oat grains. Taking advantage of rice as the staple food for Asians, increasing beta-glucan content in rice for their consumption may help to reduce cardiovascular-related diseases among them. Previous attempts in increasing beta-glucan content in rice via transgene expression of beta-glucan synthase genes from barley into rice were unsuccessful due to the use of non-tissue specific as well as constitutively expressing promoter. The current transgenic expression study was performed to characterise the promoter of beta-glucan synthase gene in barley using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Two fragments of HvCslF6 promoter (2771 bp and 1257 bp) were successfully fused with GUS reporter gene and integrated into rice plants, demonstrated that the promoter was functional in the heterologous plant system. The presence of blue GUS staining was observed on the leaf, root, stem, and grain of the transgenic rice regardless of the promoter length used and stayed functional up to the next generation. GUS qualitative analysis confirmed that the shorter promoter length generated a stronger GUS activity in comparison to the longer one. This indicated that the presence of repressor elements in between the -2771 bp and -1257 bp regions. The preliminary results shed light on the strong promoter activity in the rice endosperm tissue. It can become an alternative to the collection of plant promoters that can be used for grain quality improvement and biofortification.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ecological study of small mammals often uses the cage-trapping method, installed with baits. Capture rates vary according to different baits used. We want to determine the bait preferences by different small mammal groups. The cage-trapping approach used common domestic bait types available, namely, aromatic banana, sweet potato with peanut butter, oil palm fruit, dried salted fish, jackfruit, and roasted coconut flesh. Sampling was conducted in three different habitat categories, namely urban, semi-urban, and recreational forests, located in Selangor, Malaysia, for one year. A total of 537 small mammals from 15 species were sampled, which was then grouped into seven groups (i.e., Rattus sp., Maxomys sp., Sundamys sp., Leopaldamys sabanus, Suncus murinus, squirrels, and Tupaia glis). Bait preferences were significantly different among the different small mammal groups, i.e., F (6,35) = 5.621, p = 0.000, with bananas shown to be most preferred bait, followed by oil palm fruits and sweet potatoes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis revealed that the Rattus species encompassed the most diverse bait preference, while S. murinus and L. sabanus were the most selective. Muridae preferred sweet potatoes with peanut butter over bananas, while Sciuridae and Tupaiidae preferred bananas, and Soricidae preferred dried salted fish. This study elucidates the most effective bait selection for different small mammal assemblages, serving as a guide to increase capture rates when sampling targeted population of small mammals. Apart from that, it is helpful for effective rodent pest control.
{"title":"BAIT PREFERENCES BY DIFFERENT SMALL MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGES FOR EFFECTIVE CAGE-TRAPPING","authors":"F. Mohd-Taib, S. Ishak","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological study of small mammals often uses the cage-trapping method, installed with baits. Capture rates vary according to different baits used. We want to determine the bait preferences by different small mammal groups. The cage-trapping approach used common domestic bait types available, namely, aromatic banana, sweet potato with peanut butter, oil palm fruit, dried salted fish, jackfruit, and roasted coconut flesh. Sampling was conducted in three different habitat categories, namely urban, semi-urban, and recreational forests, located in Selangor, Malaysia, for one year. A total of 537 small mammals from 15 species were sampled, which was then grouped into seven groups (i.e., Rattus sp., Maxomys sp., Sundamys sp., Leopaldamys sabanus, Suncus murinus, squirrels, and Tupaia glis). Bait preferences were significantly different among the different small mammal groups, i.e., F (6,35) = 5.621, p = 0.000, with bananas shown to be most preferred bait, followed by oil palm fruits and sweet potatoes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis revealed that the Rattus species encompassed the most diverse bait preference, while S. murinus and L. sabanus were the most selective. Muridae preferred sweet potatoes with peanut butter over bananas, while Sciuridae and Tupaiidae preferred bananas, and Soricidae preferred dried salted fish. This study elucidates the most effective bait selection for different small mammal assemblages, serving as a guide to increase capture rates when sampling targeted population of small mammals. Apart from that, it is helpful for effective rodent pest control.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry farming is a highly profitable and not capital intensive agricultural project. It is becoming one of the highest investments in agriculture in Nigeria. The proliferation of self -produced feeds by the Farmers with the addition of some minerals to stimulate growth could elevate the levels of radionuclides in feeds. This, therefore, calls for the determination of the health effects from the consumption of these chicken meats and organs. 10 samples of broilers and 30 feed samples (10 each of Starter, Grower, and Finisher feeds used in feeding the chicken) were used; collected from five selected poultry- farms in Lagos State, Nigeria, and analyzed using spectrometry analysis with NaI (Tl). The results obtained showed that concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra were 49.0±25.8, 24.9 ±12.2, and 32.9 ±16.2 Bqkg-1 respectively, in chicken meats. In the feeds, their values were below the UNSCEAR recommendation. The annual effective doses in chicken meats and organs were lower than the 70µSv/yr limit. The cancer risk was within the recommended limit, and the internal hazard indices were below unity. The mean values of the transfer coefficient (TC) were also below 1 for 40K, higher than unity for 226Ra in Finisher feeds, and 232Th in Starter feeds. The starter and finisher feeds were moderately contaminated. So, feeding chicken with these feeds may expose the consumers to the danger of over-exposure to 226Ra and 232Th.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDE AND ASSESSMENTS OF HEALTH HAZARDS IN CHICKEN FEEDS AND MEAT CONSUMED IN LAGOS, NIGERIA","authors":"A. Ademola, Afees Gbadeyanka","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry farming is a highly profitable and not capital intensive agricultural project. It is becoming one of the highest investments in agriculture in Nigeria. The proliferation of self -produced feeds by the Farmers with the addition of some minerals to stimulate growth could elevate the levels of radionuclides in feeds. This, therefore, calls for the determination of the health effects from the consumption of these chicken meats and organs. 10 samples of broilers and 30 feed samples (10 each of Starter, Grower, and Finisher feeds used in feeding the chicken) were used; collected from five selected poultry- farms in Lagos State, Nigeria, and analyzed using spectrometry analysis with NaI (Tl). The results obtained showed that concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra were 49.0±25.8, 24.9 ±12.2, and 32.9 ±16.2 Bqkg-1 respectively, in chicken meats. In the feeds, their values were below the UNSCEAR recommendation. The annual effective doses in chicken meats and organs were lower than the 70µSv/yr limit. The cancer risk was within the recommended limit, and the internal hazard indices were below unity. The mean values of the transfer coefficient (TC) were also below 1 for 40K, higher than unity for 226Ra in Finisher feeds, and 232Th in Starter feeds. The starter and finisher feeds were moderately contaminated. So, feeding chicken with these feeds may expose the consumers to the danger of over-exposure to 226Ra and 232Th.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46769847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Paramalingam, Muhammad Salahudin Kheiril Anuar, Nadiya Akmal Baharum, J. Abdullah, J. A. Aziz, N. Saidi
Fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most serious diseases affecting banana plantations worldwide. In this study, the inhibitory activities of four essential oils (clove, cinnamon, lesser alpinia and eucalyptus) and five hydrosols (kaffir lime, eucalyptus, bitter ginger, fig and tea tree) on the in vitro growth of the causal agent of the disease, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4), were investigated. Results showed that some of these plant extracts inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of TR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Clove oil and tea tree hydrosol were the most effective in suppressing mycelial growth in this study, the with percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG) recorded at 46% and 69%, respectively, while lesser alpinia oil and kaffir lime hydrosol showed moderate inhibition of mycelial growth with the PIRG of 33% and 64%, respectively. These results suggest that these compounds have the potential to be used in future greenhouse studies as a single treatment or in combination with previously established biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of banana.
香蕉枯萎病是世界范围内影响香蕉种植最严重的病害之一。研究了丁香、肉桂、小檗和桉树等4种精油和青柠、桉树、苦姜、无花果和茶树等5种水溶剂对赤霉病病原镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4)体外生长的抑制作用。结果表明，部分植物提取物对TR4体外菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用，且呈剂量依赖性。丁香油和茶树纯露对菌丝生长的抑制效果最好，对菌丝径向生长的抑制率分别为46%和69%，而小檗油和石灰纯露对菌丝生长的抑制率分别为33%和64%。这些结果表明，这些化合物有潜力在未来的温室研究中作为单一处理或与先前建立的香蕉枯萎病生物防治剂联合使用。
{"title":"IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MALAYSIAN PLANTS AGAINST THE WILT PATHOGEN OF BANANA, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TROPICAL RACE 4","authors":"P. Paramalingam, Muhammad Salahudin Kheiril Anuar, Nadiya Akmal Baharum, J. Abdullah, J. A. Aziz, N. Saidi","doi":"10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most serious diseases affecting banana plantations worldwide. In this study, the inhibitory activities of four essential oils (clove, cinnamon, lesser alpinia and eucalyptus) and five hydrosols (kaffir lime, eucalyptus, bitter ginger, fig and tea tree) on the in vitro growth of the causal agent of the disease, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4), were investigated. Results showed that some of these plant extracts inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of TR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Clove oil and tea tree hydrosol were the most effective in suppressing mycelial growth in this study, the with percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG) recorded at 46% and 69%, respectively, while lesser alpinia oil and kaffir lime hydrosol showed moderate inhibition of mycelial growth with the PIRG of 33% and 64%, respectively. These results suggest that these compounds have the potential to be used in future greenhouse studies as a single treatment or in combination with previously established biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of banana.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41420643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, Sumit Kumar, Rajendra Kumar
In KCl crystals, the 2s energy level of F-center within an anion-cation vacancy pair has been proposed as a suitable trap for thermoluminescence (TL) emission. It is further seen that the 2s – level of F-center situated in cation – anion vacancy pair has large trap depth. The observed trap depth of F-center is explainable on the basis of Herman and Barnett model, modified presently and supports bi-vacancy configuration for traps in KCl lattice.
{"title":"SUITABILITY OF BI-VACANCY TRAP FOR TL EMISSION IN KCl","authors":"R. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, Sumit Kumar, Rajendra Kumar","doi":"10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In KCl crystals, the 2s energy level of F-center within an anion-cation vacancy pair has been proposed as a suitable trap for thermoluminescence (TL) emission. It is further seen that the 2s – level of F-center situated in cation – anion vacancy pair has large trap depth. The observed trap depth of F-center is explainable on the basis of Herman and Barnett model, modified presently and supports bi-vacancy configuration for traps in KCl lattice.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"40 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperspectral images such as the Earth Observer-1 (EO-1) provides an efficient method of mapping surface mineralogy because it can measures the energy in narrower bands compared with multispectral sensors. The Kirkuk anticline northern Iraq is one of the most petroleum-rich provinces. It is characterized, that is an asymmetrical, cylindrical anticline, with a fold axis trend towards North West- East, South East. The study’s primary goal is to apply satellite processing and techniques on the Eo-1 imagery for identifying lithological and mineral units at a part of Kirkuk anticline northern Iraq. The EO-1 image was corrected at the beginning of atmospheric impacts using the FLAASH module in ENVI software. Processing of (Minimum Noise Fraction- MNF) processing was applied and then it reduced the dimensionality of data, as well as, the processing of (PPI) pixel purity index was applied to spatial reduction. This study tested the potential of (spectral angle mapper supervised classification-SAM) classification for mapping the lithological and mineral units using the Hyperion imagery. three different sources of endmembers or spectra are used for SAM classifications. The one: is done by Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Spectrometer. The second: reference spectra have been taken from the spectral library of USGS. Third: extracting endmembers from the purest pixels of the hyperion image, which was done by applying (MNF and PPI). The endmembers were provided, generated as the training area for SAM classification. The present results demonstrated the great potential of data used to map the distribution of alteration of minerals and lithological units in a part of Kirkuk anticline. The classified Hyperion image shows that Jarosite and illite are the most dominant altered minerals, as well as, the main lithological units of the upper member of Fatha formation are revealed in the core of the Kirkuk anticline with scattered and small outcrops towards the flanks.
{"title":"MAPPING LITHOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL UNITS USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY","authors":"R. Thannoun","doi":"10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperspectral images such as the Earth Observer-1 (EO-1) provides an efficient method of mapping surface mineralogy because it can measures the energy in narrower bands compared with multispectral sensors. The Kirkuk anticline northern Iraq is one of the most petroleum-rich provinces. It is characterized, that is an asymmetrical, cylindrical anticline, with a fold axis trend towards North West- East, South East. The study’s primary goal is to apply satellite processing and techniques on the Eo-1 imagery for identifying lithological and mineral units at a part of Kirkuk anticline northern Iraq. The EO-1 image was corrected at the beginning of atmospheric impacts using the FLAASH module in ENVI software. Processing of (Minimum Noise Fraction- MNF) processing was applied and then it reduced the dimensionality of data, as well as, the processing of (PPI) pixel purity index was applied to spatial reduction. This study tested the potential of (spectral angle mapper supervised classification-SAM) classification for mapping the lithological and mineral units using the Hyperion imagery. three different sources of endmembers or spectra are used for SAM classifications. The one: is done by Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Spectrometer. The second: reference spectra have been taken from the spectral library of USGS. Third: extracting endmembers from the purest pixels of the hyperion image, which was done by applying (MNF and PPI). The endmembers were provided, generated as the training area for SAM classification. The present results demonstrated the great potential of data used to map the distribution of alteration of minerals and lithological units in a part of Kirkuk anticline. The classified Hyperion image shows that Jarosite and illite are the most dominant altered minerals, as well as, the main lithological units of the upper member of Fatha formation are revealed in the core of the Kirkuk anticline with scattered and small outcrops towards the flanks.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"40 1","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48392621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitigation of Pb(II) ions from water using economic method is an important research area to combat the pollution due to lead ions Pb(II) in water as it have severe toxic effects in human beings. In present work, Pristine Pavo Cristatus feather powder (PCFP) has been employed for removal of Pb(II) ions and the process of adsorption was optimized through four level Box Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) over a broad range of pH (3.0–9.0), initial lead ion concentration (20–100 mg/L), contact time (20–180 min) and temperature (297 K to 333 K). Different isotherms were applied to confirm the type of adsorption. Langmuir maximum removal efficiency was 121.95 mg/g for lead ions adsorption onto PCPF at optimal values of pH 6; adsorbent dose 20 mg/L; temperature 303 K and contact time 120 minutes obtained from batch studies. Pseudo-second-order reaction model showed good applicability for kinetic studies. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated to check feasibility and nature of adsorption. The optimal parameters obtained for maximum Pb(II) ions adsorption were at pH = 6.31, initial Pb(II) ion = 43.79 mg/L, contact time = 119.51 minutes and temperature = 59.67 oC. The experimental and predicted values were found to be in good agreement with each other.
{"title":"PAVO CRISTATUS FEATHER POWDER AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY AND LOW COST MATERIAL FOR MITIGATION OF Pb(II) IONS FROM WATER","authors":"Sumant Saini, J. Chawla, Rajeev Kumar, I. Kaur","doi":"10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJS.VOL40NO1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation of Pb(II) ions from water using economic method is an important research area to combat the pollution due to lead ions Pb(II) in water as it have severe toxic effects in human beings. In present work, Pristine Pavo Cristatus feather powder (PCFP) has been employed for removal of Pb(II) ions and the process of adsorption was optimized through four level Box Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) over a broad range of pH (3.0–9.0), initial lead ion concentration (20–100 mg/L), contact time (20–180 min) and temperature (297 K to 333 K). Different isotherms were applied to confirm the type of adsorption. Langmuir maximum removal efficiency was 121.95 mg/g for lead ions adsorption onto PCPF at optimal values of pH 6; adsorbent dose 20 mg/L; temperature 303 K and contact time 120 minutes obtained from batch studies. Pseudo-second-order reaction model showed good applicability for kinetic studies. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated to check feasibility and nature of adsorption. The optimal parameters obtained for maximum Pb(II) ions adsorption were at pH = 6.31, initial Pb(II) ion = 43.79 mg/L, contact time = 119.51 minutes and temperature = 59.67 oC. The experimental and predicted values were found to be in good agreement with each other.","PeriodicalId":18094,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian journal of science","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42004266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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