Macromolecular Symposia最新文献

This study involves the preparation of various organic compounds. Saccharin (A) is synthesized by adding hydrochloric acid to sodium saccharinate salt, with continuous stirring for 2 h. Mannich base derivatives (A1, A2) are prepared by reacting sulfanilamide with saccharin and benzaldehyde derivatives, using absolute ethanol as a solvent. Several complexes of Mannich bases (A3–A6) are obtained by reacting equimolar amounts of Mannich base derivatives (A1, A2) with the metal salt solution of cobalt and cadmium (MCln.XH₂O), using ethanol as a solvent. The synthesized compounds and complexes are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, and ¹H, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.). Additionally, their melting points, purity, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility are determined. The impact of some prepared compounds and complexes on the growth of two antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, namely the gram-negative Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and the gram-positive Streptococcus Mutans, is studied. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Ciprofloxacin are used as a control antibiotics. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains. Molecular docking studies are conducted for the compounds (A1, A2) against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa using the MOE software (2009). The energy minimization process is employed to achieve the most stable conformation (lowest energy barrier) for these compounds.

This study encompasses the synthesis of polymer-incorporated lip bases by reacting polyvinylpyrrolidone with amines. The elucidation of compound structures that involves the application of ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and carbon) spectroscopy, is complemented by SEM analysis. Furthermore, physical attributes like color and melting point are observed. Biological assessment included evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of select compounds, and investigating their impact on the growth of four bacterial isolates, including both Gram-positive strains. Encouragingly, certain synthesized compounds exhibit notable inhibitory effectiveness against the tested bacterial strains.

This research focuses on the utilization of abundant natural mineral resources in Iraq to prepare both unmodified natural zeolite and nickel-modified zeolite. These zeolites are employed in the catalytic thermal structural reforming process of naphtha distillates (35–200 °C) under initial temperature conditions (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 °C) using a constant catalyst ratio. The zeolites, prepared in two forms, 1% by weight, and with a reaction time of 1 h, are first tested to determine the optimal temperature. Subsequently, the catalyst ratio and reaction time are adjusted based on the initial conditions for each catalyst, to establish the optimum conditions for unmodified zeolite at a temperature of 350 °C, a catalyst ratio of 3%, and a reaction time of 3 h. For nickel-modified zeolite, the optimal conditions are found to be a temperature of 300 °C, a catalyst ratio of 3%, and a reaction time of 3 h. The catalysts exhibited the ability to form rings and facilitate hydrogenation reactions, resulting in the preparation of aromatic compounds that reach threefold their original concentration. Specifically, the concentration increases from 7.1% to 23.61% in the nickel-modified catalyst.

Technology, health care, and transport are merely some of the industries that historically rely on polymer-based materials. In past centuries, the creation of innovative polymer materials has been dependent upon extensive experiments and error procedures that require an extensive number of resources as well as time. With the objective to explore the transformative potential of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in material discovery, design, and optimization, this paper explores the integration of ML and AI in polymer-based materials research. Researchers are able to speed the development of new polymer-based materials with improved properties and functionalities by utilizing sophisticated algorithms and computational models. The use of ML and AI in polymer research is examined, with a focus on how these technologies may stimulate innovation and expand material science research.

The surge in chemical usage outside governorate centers has become a focal point of concern due to its profound environmental impact and potential threats to public safety. This comprehensive article delves into the intricate dynamics of this issue, exploring the current landscape of chemical usage trends, and their environmental repercussions. It critically assesses the existing legal framework on both national and international levels, highlighting challenges in enforcement and the associated public health, and safety concerns. The discussion extends to proposed reforms, emphasizing the need for a strengthened legal framework, and increased community engagement. Case studies offer valuable insights, examining successful models and failures that shape lessons for future policymaking. The article further explores the role of technological advancements in enhancing monitoring and regulatory efforts and advocates for collaborative approaches involving government bodies, industries, and local communities. In conclusion, the article underscores the necessity of finding a delicate balance between economic progress and environmental responsibility. Through a multifaceted approach that incorporates legal reforms, technological innovations, and collaborative strategies, the future outlook envisions a harmonious coexistence of development and sustainability in the regulation of chemical usage outside governorate centers.

The use of bioactive substances as coating material appears to be a promising way to create effective antimicrobial leaves-based packaging. This study aims to characterize antibacterial activity and physical properties of propolis-coated banana leaf packaging. Edible coatings with a 3% level of commercial propolis, originated from Indonesia and Brazil, are used for leaf surface coating. The color difference and thickness of leaf samples respectively range from 58.2 to 59.8 and 0.21–0.29 mm, where the coating layers are observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the surface and internal microstructure. Chemical properties are examined through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Propolis (Brazil) coated leaf show the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria. The application of coated leaf confirm an extension of fresh lemper shelf life approximately by 10 h at room temperature and 18 h in the refrigerator.

Arsenic (As) contamination is a global issue, especially in As-rich geological formations. In this study, an ion-imprinted polymer (As(III)-IIP) is synthesized and characterized in terms of kinetic modeling and application via solid phase extraction (SPE). As is detected by using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The surface study is also included in this study, in which the differences between non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and As(III)-IIP before and after sorption are observed via field electron scanning electron microscope (FESEM). As a result, As(III)-IIP follows the pseudo-second-order of reaction in kinetics and reaches 95% within 5 min of removal. In FESEM micrographs, As(III)-IIP shows the particles on the surface are likely homogenous compared to NIP. Whereas As(III)-IIP after sorption is much more likely bigger than the original As(III)-IIP due to the expansion of particles during agitation in an aqueous solution. In the first cycle, 99.53% ± 0.45% of removal in real wastewater analysis is obtained via SPE. However, for the second cycle onwards, the removal is not removed totally, which shows that a new combination of eluent is required. In conclusion, As(III)-IIP shows good potential as a sorbent to be used for the removal of As from wastewater.

This work includes the synthesis of environmentally favorable and biodegradable components alginate balls containing attapulgite-silver nanoparticles with different amount of hydroxyapatite. The synthesized composite materials showed good adsorption properties in removing of the organic contaminants (antipsychotics, haloperidol). The addition of hydroxyapatite and alginate to the attapulgite (APT) clay enhanced its adsorption ability through chemical changes. In the current research, haloperidol adsorption is studied on alginate-attapulgite-Ag NPs composite. The experiments are carried out at concentrations of the haloperidol (25, 50 and 100 mg/L) at different temperature and pH with different amounts of adsorbent and contact time of 3 h. The remaining concentration of the drug after adsorption is calculated, and the results obtained showed that the adsorption efficiency is 97.6% at pH = 9 and temperature of 15 °C.

Water in biological systems is not just a passive solvent but also plays a crucial role in the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, ensuring stability and flexibility. Macromolecules affect the state of water contacting them, affecting its order. Surinsar lake, a twin of Mansar Lake in Jammu, is experiencing deteriorating water quality due to human interference. A study examining ten locations found mean values for temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD5, COD, total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, oil and grease, turbidity, and faecal coliform. The findings call for new conservation policies.

This study involves the preparation of various organic compounds. Ethyl2-((5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy)acetate compound (S1) is synthesized by the addition of potassium carbonate to 5-chloroquinolin-8-ol and ethylchloroacetate. 2-((5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy)acetohydrazide (S2) are prepared by the reaction compound S1with hydrazine. Several complexes of Mannich bases are obtained by the reaction equimolar amounts of compound (S2) with the metal salt solution of cobalt and cadmium (MCl_n.XH₂O) (S3-S5), using ethanol as the solvent. The synthesized compounds and complexes are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H, ¹³C-NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, their melting points, purity, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility are determined. The impact of some prepared compounds and complexes on the growth of two antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, namely the gram-negative Staphylococcus and the ram-positive Escherichia coli, is studied. Amoxicillin, is used as control antibiotic. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains.