Livestock Science最新文献_第10页

Rabbit gains: Does a free-range rearing build better muscle in rabbits? 兔子的收获：自由放养能让兔子长出更好的肌肉吗？

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105776

Joanna Składanowska-Baryza , Joanna Żochowska-Kujawska , Małgorzata Sobczak , Agnieszka Ludwiczak , Marek Stanisz

This study evaluated the effects of two rabbit housing systems—conventional cages and park platforms—on slaughter traits, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics in broiler rabbits (PS19 × PS59). Rabbits reared in the park system exhibited significantly higher slaughter weights and lower fat deposition compared to those raised in cages. While hot and chilled carcass weights showed a tendency to increase in park-reared rabbits, dressing percentages remained unaffected. Organ weights such as liver and skin were significantly higher in the platform group, suggesting increased metabolic activity and physiological adaptation to enhanced mobility.

Meat from platform-reared rabbits demonstrated significantly lower pH and increased redness and yellowness indices, indicating improved color intensity. Texture analysis revealed higher plasticity in these rabbits, especially in the hindquarters, reflecting softer meat without altering shear force or nutritional composition. Although the proportions of muscle fiber types (I, IIA, IIB) were consistent across housing systems, rabbits from the park system showed significantly larger cross-sectional area, perimeter, and diameters of type IIA and IIB fibers, suggesting muscle fiber hypertrophy due to increased physical activity.

These findings suggest that enriched environments, such as park systems, not only improve animal welfare but also enhance meat quality attributes desirable to consumers—such as color and texture—without compromising nutritional value or production efficiency. The study supports the adoption of alternative housing systems in commercial rabbit farming as a viable strategy for promoting leaner, high-quality meat and improved muscle development, in line with consumer expectations for ethical and sustainable animal production.

本研究评估了两种兔舍系统——传统笼和公园平台——对肉用兔（PS19 × PS59）屠宰性状、肉质和肌纤维特性的影响。与笼养相比，在公园系统中饲养的家兔表现出更高的屠宰体重和更低的脂肪沉积。虽然公园饲养兔的热、冷胴体重有增加的趋势，但屠宰率未受影响。平台组的肝脏和皮肤等器官重量显著增加，表明代谢活动增加，生理适应能力增强。平台饲养的家兔肉的pH值明显降低，红黄度指数明显增加，表明颜色强度有所提高。质地分析显示，这些兔子的可塑性更高，特别是在后腿，反映了柔软的肉，而不改变剪切力或营养成分。尽管在不同的圈养系统中，肌纤维类型（I、IIA、IIB）的比例是一致的，但在公园系统中，家兔的IIA和IIB型肌纤维的横截面积、周长和直径明显更大，这表明肌纤维肥大是由于体力活动增加造成的。这些发现表明，丰富的环境，如公园系统，不仅改善了动物福利，还提高了消费者所希望的肉类品质属性，如颜色和质地，而不影响营养价值或生产效率。该研究支持在商业养兔业中采用替代饲养系统，作为一种可行的战略，以促进更瘦、高质量的肉和改善肌肉发育，符合消费者对道德和可持续动物生产的期望。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of rearing strategy on the dry matter intake of pasture-based dairy heifers 饲养策略对放牧型乳母牛干物质采食量的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105760

H. Costigan , L. Delaby , S. Walsh , R. Fitzgerald , M. Liddane , N. Galvin , E. Kennedy

Although dry matter intake (DMI) is important in terms of achieving heifer weight-for-age targets and the utilization of pasture, the DMI of pasture-based heifers has not been widely researched. In order to quantify pasture-based heifer DMI and to determine the effect of different rearing strategies on DMI, data were collected from Holstein-Friesian (HF; n = 124), and Jersey (JE; n = 56) heifers weaned at either eight or 12 weeks and subsequently offered either a low or high post-weaning feeding regime. The n-alkane technique was used to measure the DMI of the heifers on nine occasions throughout the rearing period. Nutrition and management in the post-weaning period had a greater effect on DMI than that of weaning age. Although HF heifers had a higher total DMI than JE, JE heifers had a higher DMI when expressed as a percentage of BW. The results from this study indicate that rearing strategy may be used to manipulate DMI, and thus optimize the attainment of weight-for-age targets in pasture-based heifers.

尽管干物质采食量（DMI）对实现小母牛的年龄体重指标和利用牧草具有重要意义，但放牧小母牛的干物质采食量（DMI）尚未得到广泛的研究。为了量化放牧型小母牛的DMI，并确定不同饲养策略对DMI的影响，收集了Holstein-Friesian (HF；n = 124), Jersey (JE；N = 56)小母牛在8周或12周断奶，随后提供低或高断奶后喂养方案。用正构烷烃法测定了犊牛在整个饲养期内的9次DMI。断奶后营养管理对DMI的影响大于断奶期。虽然心衰母牛的总DMI高于乙脑母牛，但乙脑母牛的DMI占体重的百分比更高。本研究结果表明，饲养策略可以控制放牧小母牛的DMI，从而优化其体重年龄指标的实现。

引用次数: 0

A comparison of three nutritional models for estimating total metabolisable energy requirements for a ewe, beef breeding cow, lamb, and a calf/yearling in New Zealand’s pasture-only system 在新西兰的牧场系统中，用于估计母羊、肉牛、羔羊和小牛/一岁幼畜总代谢能需求的三种营养模型的比较

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105766

Joseph A. Adjabui, Patrick H.C. Morel, Stephen T. Morris, Paul R. Kenyon, Peter R. Tozer

In New Zealand (NZ), the metabolisable energy requirements (MER) of ruminants can be estimated using nutritional models from Nicol and Brookes (2017), CSIRO (2007), and NZ’s Agricultural Inventory Model (AIM) of the Ministry for Primary Industries [MPI] (2022). The aim in this study was to calculate the total MER of a ewe, beef breeding cow, lamb, and a calf/yearling in a pasture-only system in NZ under the same assumptions to assess the extent and reasons for variations among the three commonly used nutritional models, and the implications for a given farm/s. The study utilised MER models from the three sources above using a factorial method. This method determines the MER for each physiological phase of an animal, to estimate total MER for each animal. The AIM (MPI 2022) model relative to Nicol and Brookes (2017), and CSIRO (2007) models respectively, estimated 13.4 % and 8.0 % higher MER for a ewe, 16.3 % and 16.6 % for a cow, 1.1 % and 2.0 % lower for a lamb, and 9.2 % and 9.2 % higher for a calf/yearling mainly due to a higher maintenance MER compared to the other models. This has implications for feed budgeting and stocking rates (SR) for a given farm, as the AIM (MPI 2022) model leads to a lower SR than the other two models for a given level of feed available. Energy balances and productivity could be negatively impacted if a model underestimates MER. This also yields different greenhouse gas (GHG) profiles, especially enteric methane, for a given farm and could potentially have financial consequences for farmers if an Emissions Trading Scheme was introduced. For consistency in ME estimates and GHG reporting, further research (feeding trials) is required to compare these model estimates to actual requirements of ruminants under NZ conditions. This could help identify the model that most accurately reflects MER for ruminants in the country.

在新西兰（NZ），反刍动物的代谢能需要量（MER）可以使用Nicol和Brookes（2017）、CSIRO（2007）和新西兰第一产业部[MPI]的农业库存模型（AIM）（2022）的营养模型来估计。本研究的目的是在相同的假设下，计算新西兰牧场系统中母羊、肉牛、羔羊和小牛/一岁的总MER，以评估三种常用营养模型之间差异的程度和原因，以及对给定农场的影响。该研究利用了上述三个来源的MER模型，使用了析因方法。该方法通过测定动物各生理阶段的MER，来估计每只动物的总MER。与Nicol和Brookes（2017）和CSIRO（2007）模型相比，AIM （MPI 2022）模型估计母羊的MER分别高出13.4%和8.0%，奶牛的MER分别高出16.3%和16.6%，羔羊的MER分别高出1.1%和2.0%，小牛/幼畜的MER分别高出9.2%和9.2%，这主要是由于与其他模型相比，维持性MER更高。这对特定农场的饲料预算和放养率（SR）有影响，因为在给定饲料水平下，AIM （MPI 2022）模型得出的SR低于其他两种模型。如果模型低估了MER，能量平衡和生产力可能会受到负面影响。这也会对特定农场产生不同的温室气体（GHG），特别是肠道甲烷，如果引入排放交易计划，可能会对农民产生潜在的经济后果。为了保持代谢能估计和温室气体报告的一致性，需要进一步的研究（饲养试验）将这些模型估计与新西兰条件下反刍动物的实际需求进行比较。这可能有助于确定最准确反映该国反刍动物的MER的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional protocols that alter ruminal fermentation and nutrient disappearance to increase marbling precursors in Nellore cattle 改变瘤胃发酵和营养物质消失以增加Nellore牛大理石纹前体的营养方案

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105758

Mariana M. Squizatti , Antonio M. Silvestre , Luana D. Felizari , Breno L. Demartini , Leandro A.F. Silva , Daniel M. Casali , Lidiane S. Miranda , Katia L.R. Souza , Vanessa G. Gasparini , Werner F. Schleifer , Thaiano I.S. Silva , Johnny M. Souza , Garret Suen , Danilo D. Millen

The aim of this was to investigate the effects of various nutritional protocols on the marbling precursors of Nellore cattle, including high-moisture corn (HMC), calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) and organic zinc and chromium (ZnCr) in the finishing diet. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannulas were utilized in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with each period lasting 28 days and a 7-day washout between periods. Animals were randomly allocated to one of five treatments in each period: T1) Finely-ground corn (FGC); T2) HMC; T3) FGC + CSFA T4) HMC + CSFA, and T5) HMC + CSFA + ZnCr. Sodium monensin was added to all treatments at a dosage of 25 ppm. The replacement of FGC with HMC reduced dry matter intake by 5.9 % (P = 0.02) and increased blood glucose concentrations by 24.6 % (P < 0.01) without significantly altering (P > 0.05) ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and pH. The addition of CSFA decreased (P < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of nutrients such as dry matter, crude protein, and neutral and acid detergent fiber, without impacting propionate and SCFA concentrations in the rumen, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels (P > 0.05). An increase (P = 0.02) in protozoa populations from the genera Entodinium and Diplodinium was observed when CSFA were added to the diet. The addition of ZnCr increased the molar proportion of propionate (P = 0.01) from 29.29 to 38.08 mol/100 mol, resulting in a greater concentration of SCFA 12 h after feeding (P < 0.05). Moreover, adding ZnCr to the diet elevated insulin levels by 53.5 % and decreased blood glucose by 34.2 %. The addition of CSFA did not affect marbling precursors in Nellore cattle, and HMC only increased blood glucose concentrations. However, incorporating organic Zn and Cr into diets may enhance the positive effects of HMC and CSFA on marbling precursors.

本试验旨在研究育肥期饲粮中高水分玉米（HMC）、脂肪酸钙盐（CSFA）和有机锌铬（ZnCr）等营养方案对Nellore牛大理石花纹前体的影响。试验采用5 × 5拉丁方设计，每一期28 d，两期之间有7 d的洗脱期。各组动物随机分为5个处理：T1)细磨玉米（FGC）；HMC T2);T3) FGC + CSFA T4) HMC + CSFA T5) HMC + CSFA + ZnCr。莫能菌素钠以25ppm的剂量添加到所有处理中。用HMC代替FGC使干物质摄入量减少了5.9% (P = 0.02)，血糖浓度增加了24.6% (P <；0.01)，无显著变化(P >；0.05)瘤胃短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和ph。CSFA添加量降低了瘤胃短链脂肪酸(P <；0.05)，在不影响瘤胃丙酸和短链脂肪酸浓度以及血糖和胰岛素水平的情况下，影响干物质、粗蛋白质、中性和酸性洗涤纤维等营养物质的瘤胃降解率(P >；0.05)。饲粮中添加CSFA可显著增加肠虫属和双plodinium属的原生动物种群数量（P = 0.02）。ZnCr的添加使丙酸摩尔比（P = 0.01）从29.29 mol/100 mol提高到38.08 mol/100 mol，导致采食12 h后SCFA浓度升高(P <；0.05)。此外，在饮食中添加锌铬可使胰岛素水平提高53.5%，使血糖水平降低34.2%。添加CSFA对Nellore牛的大理石花纹前体没有影响，HMC只增加了血糖浓度。然而，在饲料中添加有机锌和铬可以增强HMC和CSFA对大理石纹前体的积极作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a simulated udder on survival and weight gain of neonatal piglets in a practical farm setting 在实际农场环境下，模拟乳房对新生仔猪生存和增重的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105757

C. Jensen , E. Rønving , V.A. Moustsen , M. Hinge , F. Hakansson , I. Czycholl

Hyperprolificacy in sows presents challenges for piglet nutrition and survival in modern pig production. This study investigated the potential to ensure the survival of one additional piglet by using a specifically designed simulated udder (test group, T-group) compared to the control group (C-group). The hypothesis further holds that there is no negative effect on piglet weight gain. The experiment involved 53 litters from 26 control-sows (C-group) and 27 test-sows (T-group), conducted over seven weeks on a Danish pig farm. In the T-group, litters were divided into sets of six based on birth order, rotation between nursing by the sow and the simulated udder, while the C-group piglets were nursed continuously by the sow. Numerically, in the T-group, 0.6 more piglets survived; however, this effect was not statistically significant. (P = 0.7). 69.8 % of the sows successfully nursed 17 piglets, with 74.1 % of these sows belonging to the T-group. 96.5 % of the piglets maintained or exceeded their birth weight, and 86.8 % experienced a weight gain of at least 10 % within 76 h postpartum. The weight gain in the T-group was 5.8 ± 1.3 kg and 4.9 ± 1.6 kg in the C-group. The utilization of a simulated udder did not result in significant changes in piglet survival, though it did have an impact on weight gain compared to sow nursing. However, the sample size in this study was too low to detect smaller effects. Importantly, no negative consequences were observed from the use of simulated udders.

在现代养猪生产中，母猪的超高产对仔猪的营养和生存提出了挑战。本研究调查了使用专门设计的模拟乳房（试验组，t组）与对照组（c组）相比，是否有可能确保额外一头仔猪的存活。该假设进一步认为，对仔猪增重没有负面影响。该试验涉及26头对照母猪（c组）和27头试验母猪（t组）的53窝母猪，在丹麦的一个养猪场进行了7周的试验。t组按出生顺序，母猪喂奶与模拟乳房轮换喂奶，每窝分为6窝，c组由母猪连续喂奶。数字上，t组多存活0.6头仔猪；然而，这种影响在统计学上并不显著。（p = 0.7）。69.8%的母猪成功哺育17头仔猪，其中t型母猪占74.1%。96.5%的仔猪保持或超过其出生体重，86.8%的仔猪在产后76 h内体重增加至少10%。t组体重增加5.8±1.3 kg， c组体重增加4.9±1.6 kg。使用模拟乳房并没有导致仔猪存活率的显著变化，尽管与母猪护理相比，它确实对体重增加有影响。然而，本研究的样本量太小，无法检测到较小的影响。重要的是，没有观察到使用模拟乳房的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of replacing timothy silage by red clover silage on environmental impacts, growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef bulls 红三叶草青贮替代蒂莫西青贮对育肥牛环境影响、生长性能和胴体性状的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105755

Arto Huuskonen , Sanna Hietala , Maiju Pesonen , Katariina Manni

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of replacing timothy grass silage (GS) by red clover silage (RS) on environmental impacts, growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef bulls. Total mixed rations (TMR) based on GS, RS and mixture of GS and RS (1:1 on dry matter (DM) basis; GRS) were fed ad libitum to sixty bulls. The proportion (g/kg DM) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) RS (600); (3) GS (300) and RS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g/kg DM with all treatments. Environmental impacts of the treatments were estimated using life cycle assessment approach with the following key impact categories: climate change, eutrophication, and acidification potential. As the red clover-grass modelling was acknowledged to have most uncertainty, it was completed with different scenarios of clover cultivation. Replacing GS by RS did not affect DM intake, gain, carcass weight or carcass conformation of the bulls. Carcass fat score of the bulls decreased with increasing RS proportion. As an average of the calculated scenarios the climate change impact was 17.8, 15.9, and 15.8 kg CO₂ equivalents/kg of produced carcass, eutrophic emissions 18.6, 15.0, and 9.9 g phosphate equivalents/kg of produced carcass and acidifying emissions 38, 35, and 35 g acid equivalents/kg of produced carcass for GS, GRS, and RS, respectively. It can be concluded that replacing GS partially or completely with RS reduced environmental impacts (climate change impact, eutrophic emissions, acidifying emissions) per kg of produced carcass.

本试验旨在评价红三叶草青贮（RS）替代提摩西草青贮（GS）对育肥牛环境影响、生长性能和胴体性状的影响。以干物质（DM）为基础的总混合日粮（TMR）：以干物质（DM）为基础的总混合日粮（TMR）；随机饲喂60头牛。青贮在tmr中的比例（g/kg DM）为：(1)GS (600)；(2) 600卢比；(3) GS（300）和RS（300）。各处理精料比例均为400 g/kg DM。采用生命周期评价方法对各处理的环境影响进行了评估，主要影响类别为气候变化、富营养化和酸化潜力。由于红三叶草模型被认为具有最大的不确定性，因此它是在不同的三叶草种植情景下完成的。用RS代替GS不影响公牛的DM采食量、增重、胴体重和胴体形态。公牛胴体脂肪评分随RS比例的增加而降低。在计算的情景中，气候变化的平均影响分别为17.8、15.9和15.8 kg CO2当量/kg产肉量，富营养化排放分别为18.6、15.0和9.9 g磷酸盐当量/kg产肉量，酸化排放分别为38、35和35 g酸当量/kg产肉量。综上所述，用RS部分或完全替代GS可降低每千克生产胴体的环境影响（气候变化影响、富营养化排放、酸化排放）。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic parameters of fiber density traits and their relationship with textile traits in alpacas 羊驼纤维密度性状的遗传参数及其与纺织性状的关系

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105754

Alan Cruz , Edgar Quispe , Alex Yucra , Renzo Morante , Alonso Burgos , Max David Quispe , Juan Pablo Gutiérrez , Gustavo Gutiérrez-Reynoso

Genetic improvement programs for alpacas that focus on reducing fiber diameter have succeeded in enhancing fiber quality but they have also decreased fleece weight. Fiber diameter and fleece weight have an unfavorable genetic correlation, which makes it difficult to improve both traits simultaneously. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of fiber density traits, and their genetic correlations with fleece weight (FW), fiber diameter (FD), density score (DS) and percentage of medullation (PM), as well as to evaluate their incorporation as selection criteria to increase fleece weight. The density traits were the number of hair ducts per mm²(HD), number of fibers per mm² (NF) and the NF/HD ratio (RT). Fiber density traits were objectively measured by using high-resolution skin images taken from 402 Huacaya alpacas. Animal model was used to estimate genetic parameters. Pedigree (15,360 alpacas) and phenotype records for FW (11,271), DS (5,752), FD (8,763) and PM (8,763) were retrieved from the Pacomarca database. The heritability was 0.40±0.05, 0.47±0.03, 0.37±0.05, 0.34±0.02, 0.31±0.01, 0.28±0.01 and 0.16±0.01 for HD, NF, RT, DS, FD, PM and FW respectively. Favorable genetic correlations were found between NF-FW, NF-FD and DS-FW, with values of 0.36, -0.50 and 0.50, respectively. However, unfavorable genetic correlations were also found between FD-FW and PM-FW, with values of 0.35 and 0.24 respectively. NF is an appropriate selection criterion for improving fiber diameter, percentage of medullation and fleece weight simultaneously in Huacaya alpacas.

针对羊驼的基因改良计划侧重于减少纤维直径，成功地提高了纤维质量，但也降低了羊毛重量。纤维直径与被毛质量的遗传相关性较差，因此很难同时改善这两个性状。本研究旨在估算纤维密度性状的遗传参数及其与被毛重（FW）、纤维直径（FD）、密度评分（DS）和棉质率（PM）的遗传相关性，并评价其作为增加被毛重的选择标准。密度性状为每mm2毛管数（HD）、每mm2纤维数（NF）和NF/HD比（RT）。利用402头华卡雅羊驼的高分辨率皮肤图像，客观测量了其纤维密度特征。采用动物模型估计遗传参数。从Pacomarca数据库中检索到15360只羊驼的系谱和FW（11,271）、DS（5,752）、FD（8,763）和PM（8,763）的表型记录。HD、NF、RT、DS、FD、PM和FW的遗传力分别为0.40±0.05、0.47±0.03、0.37±0.05、0.34±0.02、0.31±0.01、0.28±0.01和0.16±0.01。NF-FW、NF-FD和DS-FW具有良好的遗传相关性，分别为0.36、-0.50和0.50。但FD-FW与PM-FW的遗传相关也不理想，分别为0.35和0.24。NF是同时提高华卡雅羊驼纤维直径、棉质率和毛重的适宜选择标准。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic parameters and single-step genomic predictions for feed efficiency, carcass, and meat quality traits in Senepol beef cattle Senepol肉牛饲料效率、胴体和肉质性状的遗传参数和单步基因组预测

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105753

Clélia Soares de Assis , Fernando dos Santos Magaço , José António Fernandes Júnior , Marcelo Neves Ribas , Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira Menezes , Claudiana de Fátima Miranda , Idalmo Garcia Pereira

Improving feed efficiency, carcass, and meat quality is crucial for sustainable beef production and meeting consumer demand. This study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters using pedigree and genomic information and assessed the impact of genomic data on genetic prediction for feed efficiency, carcass, and meat quality traits in Senepol beef cattle. Phenotypic data were available from 4194 animals for residual feed intake (RFI), 4071 for dry matter intake (DMI), 11,411 for rib eye area (REA), 11,165 for subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), 9563 for marbling (MAR). Additionally, 4419 animals were genotyped. Genetic evaluations were performed using the traditional pedigree-based BLUP and the single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) via Bayesian inference, single-trait and multi-trait animal models. Predictive ability was validated through linear regression (LR) analysis, excluding 50 % of the phenotypic data. Heritability estimates were consistent across methods, ranging from 0.094 for RFI to 0.25 for REA. A positive genetic correlation (0.56) was observed between RFI and DMI, indicating that selection for lower RFI reduces DMI. However, an unfavorable positive correlation was observed between RFI and MAR (BLUP: 0.447; ssGBLUP: 0.33), suggesting that the intense selection for RFI alone could reduce marbling in the evaluated population. Genetic correlations were null between RFI-SFT and RFI-REA. Notably, ssGBLUP generally resulted in slightly reduced genetic correlation estimates for some traits. Overrall, ssGBLUP consistently yielded higher prediction accuracy, with an average increase of 16.20 % across traits compared to BLUP. These results underscore that incorporating genomic data significantly enhances genetic evaluation in Senepol beef cattle, enabling more accurate selection decisions for improved residual feed intake and meat quality traits in breeding programs.

提高饲料效率、胴体和肉质对可持续牛肉生产和满足消费者需求至关重要。本研究旨在利用家系和基因组信息估计（co）方差成分和遗传参数，并评估基因组数据对Senepol肉牛饲料效率、胴体和肉质性状遗传预测的影响。共收集了4194只动物的残采食量（RFI）、4071只动物的干物质采食量（DMI）、11411只动物的肋眼面积（REA）、11165只动物的皮下脂肪厚度（SFT）和9563只动物的大理石纹（MAR）的表型数据。此外，对4419只动物进行了基因分型。通过贝叶斯推理、单性状和多性状动物模型，分别采用传统的基于家系的BLUP和单步GBLUP （ssGBLUP）进行遗传评估。通过线性回归（LR）分析验证了预测能力，排除了50%的表型数据。不同方法的遗传力估计是一致的，范围从RFI的0.094到REA的0.25。RFI与DMI之间存在正相关（0.56），表明选择较低的RFI会降低DMI。然而，RFI与MAR之间存在不利的正相关(BLUP: 0.447；ssGBLUP: 0.33)，表明RFI的强烈选择可以减少被评估人群的大理石纹。RFI-SFT和RFI-REA之间的遗传相关性为零。值得注意的是，ssGBLUP通常会导致某些性状的遗传相关性估计略有降低。总体而言，ssGBLUP的预测准确率一直较高，与BLUP相比，各性状的平均准确率提高了16.20%。这些结果强调，整合基因组数据可以显著提高Senepol肉牛的遗传评估，从而在育种计划中做出更准确的选择决策，以提高剩余采食量和肉质性状。

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引用次数: 0

Gene expression in the skeletal muscle of broilers fed diets supplemented with vitamins C and E under acute or chronic heat stress 饲粮添加维生素C和E对急性或慢性热应激肉鸡骨骼肌基因表达的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105752

Cynthia Pieri Zeferino , Aurea Maria Oliveira Canavessi , Gustavo Gasparin , Andrezza Maria Felicio , José Roberto Sartori , Gerson Barreto Mourão , Luiz Lehmann Coutinho , Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura

The objective of this study was to investigate if dietary supplementation with vitamins C and E, simultaneously, can neutralize, or reduce, the effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the expression of key genes in the skeletal muscle of chickens. A total of 384 one-day-old male broiler chickens were housed in thermoneutral chambers up to 28 days of age. They were then reallocated in groups of four per cage, in three environmentally controlled chambers: two thermoneutral (22.5 and 22.6 °C) and one for heat stress (32 °C). Half the chickens in each chamber were fed a diet supplemented with vitamins C (257 to 288 mg/kg) and E (93 to 109 mg/kg). In the thermoneutral chambers, half of the chickens were pair-fed to heat stressed chickens. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to access gene expression in breast muscle samples after 21 h (acute) or 16 days (chronic) under heat stress. Vitamin supplementation, under acute heat stress, contributed to downregulate avUCP, MSTN, and ACLY expressions. Vitamin supplementation reduced avUCP expression with pair-feeding compared to thermoneutral controls. Chickens did not show any changes in HSP70 expression level from both heat stress experiments, probably because they have adapted quickly. Under chronic heat stress, vitamin supplementation upregulated MSTN expression, possibly to reduce muscle mass hypertrophy and, consequently, maintain homeothermy. ACLY was not differentially expressed under chronic stress. In conclusion, exposing chickens to heat stress in the grower finishing phases impacted gene expression, but not all the effects were due to the high temperature per se. Diet supplementation with vitamins C and E under stress conditions (acute heat stress or feed restriction) produced the unexpected effect of decreasing avUCP expression, possibly a metabolic adaptation to regulate the antioxidative function. Diet supplementation with vitamins C and E may assist the body in coping with the effects of heat stress on metabolism by regulating the expression of MSTN and ACLY, genes involved in the maintenance of homeothermy.

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中同时添加维生素C和E是否可以中和或降低急性和慢性热应激对鸡骨骼肌关键基因表达的影响。将384只1日龄的雄性肉鸡饲养在恒温箱中，直至28日龄。然后，它们被重新分配为每笼4只的一组，在三个环境控制的房间里：两个热中性（22.5和22.6°C），一个热应激（32°C）。每个试验室一半的鸡饲喂添加维生素C （257 ~ 288 mg/kg）和维生素E （93 ~ 109 mg/kg）的饲粮。在热中性室中，一半的鸡被成对喂食给热应激鸡。采用实时定量PCR （RT-qPCR）检测热应激21小时（急性）或16天（慢性）后胸肌样本的基因表达。在急性热应激下，补充维生素有助于下调avUCP、MSTN和ACLY的表达。与热中性对照组相比，补充维生素降低了配对饲养的avUCP表达。在两个热应激实验中，鸡的HSP70表达水平没有任何变化，可能是因为它们适应得很快。在慢性热应激下，维生素补充上调MSTN表达，可能减少肌肉质量肥大，从而维持恒温。慢性应激下ACLY表达无差异。综上所述，在生长育肥期暴露于热应激对基因表达有影响，但并非所有影响都是由于高温本身造成的。应激条件下（急性热应激或限饲）饲粮中添加维生素C和维生素E会产生意想不到的avUCP表达降低的效果，这可能是调节抗氧化功能的代谢适应。饮食中补充维生素C和E可能通过调节参与维持恒温的MSTN和ACLY基因的表达，帮助机体应对热应激对代谢的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Ameliorative effects of different additives on growth, meat quality, and histological indices in heat-stressed broilers exposed to prolonged fasting 不同添加剂对长时间禁食热应激肉鸡生长、肉品质和组织学指标的改善作用

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105750

Shahina Rahman , Tanvir Ahmed , Ankon Lahiry , Afifa Afrin , Bapon Dey , Mohini Paul , Shubash Chandra Das

While 'fasting' is a common practice for reducing heat stress (HS) in broilers, it may negatively impact the birds' growth and other physiological functions. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of four different biological additives—prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, and betaine—on reducing HS as well as the negative effects of fasting in broiler chickens raised in the hot and humid conditions of Bangladesh. A total of 600 mixed-sex day-old chicks were divided into six treatment groups: T₁ = received a basal diet with no fasting and no supplementation (NF-NS); the other five groups underwent 8- h fasting, with T₂ = no supplementation (F8-NS), T₃ = ‘prebiotic’ supplement (F8-PRE), T₄ = ‘probiotic’ supplement (F8-PRO), T₅ = ‘synbiotic’ supplement (F8-SYN), and finally, T₆ = ‘betaine’ supplement (F8-BETA). Each treatment was replicated five times. All the birds were raised under identical care and management with ad libitum feed supply until the third week of age and subsequently underwent different treatment applications. Data on growth, carcass metrics, meat quality, gut histomorphology, and cost-benefit parameters were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Results revealed significantly increased (P < 0.01) body weight, body weight gain, and better FCR with various supplementations compared to control (NF-NS or F8-NS) groups. The abdominal fat (%) was decreased, however, various meat quality indices, gut histomorphology, and the net profit per kg of live birds were significantly enhanced (P < 0.01) with the incorporation of different supplements. In conclusion, administering probiotics, synbiotics, and betaine via drinking water to broilers fasted for 8 h may effectively alleviate HS and the adverse effects of fasting, resulting in improved growth, carcass characteristics, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers raised in the hot and humid climate of Bangladesh. Of the four additives evaluated, the probiotic demonstrated better performance and economic return.

虽然“禁食”是减少肉鸡热应激（HS）的常见做法，但它可能对鸟类的生长和其他生理功能产生负面影响。本研究旨在评估四种不同的生物添加剂——益生元、益生菌、合成菌和甜菜碱——对减少HS的有益影响，以及在孟加拉国湿热条件下饲养的肉鸡禁食的负面影响。将600只混合性别日龄雏鸡分为6个处理组：T1 =饲喂基础饲粮，不禁食不补充（NF-NS）；其他五组禁食8小时，T2 =不补充（F8-NS）， T3 =“益生元”补充（F8-PRE）， T4 =“益生菌”补充（F8-PRO）， T5 =“合成”补充（F8-SYN），最后T6 =“甜菜碱”补充（F8-BETA）。每个治疗重复5次。所有雏鸟在相同的护理和管理下饲养，自由饲料供应，直到第三周龄，随后进行不同的处理。记录生长、胴体指标、肉质、肠道组织形态学和成本效益参数的数据，并使用SPSS软件进行分析。结果显示(P <；与对照组（NF-NS组或F8-NS组）相比，不同添加物组的体重、体重增加和FCR均有所提高。腹部脂肪（%）降低，但各项肉品质指标、肠道组织形态和每公斤活禽净利润显著提高(P <；0.01)。综上所述，在孟加拉国湿热气候条件下饲养的肉仔鸡，在饮水中添加益生菌、合成菌和甜菜碱可有效缓解HS和禁食的不良影响，从而改善其生长、胴体特性和肠道组织形态。在评价的四种添加剂中，益生菌表现出更好的性能和经济效益。

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引用次数: 0