Livestock Science最新文献_第6页

Effects of beta-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphometry, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens 添加-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、消化率、肠道形态和盲肠微生物群的影响

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105817

Bárbara Vitória Marçal , Raully Lucas Silva , Larissa Pereira Maria , Renan dos Santos Araújo , Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado , Marcos Kipper da Silva , Nilva Kazue Sakomura

The β-mannans present in the fibrous portions of vegetables are associated with increased gastrointestinal viscosity, delayed gastric emptying, and reduced nutrient digestibility. Dietary supplementation with exogenous β-mannanase could offer an alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of this anti-nutritional factor, given its resistance to most chemical and physical processes used for treatment and inactivation. This study evaluated the effects of β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphometry, cecal microbiota, and digestibility in broiler chickens. Treatments were as follows: PC positive control (basal diet), NC negative control (basal diet with a reduction of 36 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy), and NC+β_m: negative control with the addition of β-mannanase. The β-mannanase supplementation (NC+βm) resulted in greater digestible energy from d 0 to 21 compared to PC and NC. At d 22, NC+βm exhibited greater digestible energy (P = 0.043) and villus-to-crypt ratio (P = 0.007) compared with PC in the duodenum, suggesting enhanced nutrient absorption. At 43 d, broiler chickens on NC+β_m had lower (P < 0.001) villus height and crypt depth compared with PC and NC in the duodenum. Across all indices, alpha diversity of the cecal microbiota, except for Simpson's index and Pielou's evenness, was greater (P < 0.01) in 43 d on the β-mannanase diet than at 22 d, indicating a potential positive modulation of gut microbial ecology over time. Based on the results, β-mannanase supplementation can be considered a nutritional strategy for broiler chickens, with positive effects on intestinal morphometry, cecal microbiota, and the apparent digestibility of gross energy.

存在于蔬菜纤维部分的β-甘露聚糖与胃肠道黏度增加、胃排空延迟和营养物质消化率降低有关。考虑到外源性β-甘露聚糖酶对大多数用于治疗和灭活的化学和物理过程的抗性，膳食补充外源性β-甘露聚糖酶可以提供一种替代方法来减轻这种抗营养因子的不利影响。本研究评价了添加β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、盲肠菌群和消化率的影响。处理为：PC阳性对照（基础饲粮）、NC阴性对照（基础饲粮降低36 kcal/kg代谢能）和NC+βm阴性对照（添加β-甘露聚糖酶）。β-甘露聚糖酶（NC+βm）在第0 ~ 21天的消化能高于PC和NC。22 d时，与十二指肠PC相比，NC+βm表现出更高的消化能（P = 0.043）和绒毛/隐窝比（P = 0.007），表明营养物质吸收增强。43 d时，NC+βm组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度低于PC和NC组（P < 0.001）。在所有指数中，除Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度外，盲肠微生物群的α多样性在β-甘露聚糖酶饲粮中添加43 d时高于22 d (P < 0.01)，表明随着时间的推移，肠道微生物生态可能出现正向调节。综上所述，饲粮中添加β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道形态、盲肠菌群和总能表观消化率有积极影响，可作为一种营养策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of modulating space density via the number of pigs in a pen on feeder use and feeder access in the finishing period 通过圈内猪数调节空间密度对育肥期饲粮使用和饲粮通道的影响

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105807

Mathilde Coutant, Noémie Menard, Lene J. Pedersen, Mona L.V. Larsen

High stocking density can affect how finishing pigs access and use feeders. This study investigated how different space allowances, achieved by varying the number of pigs per pen, influenced feeder use and obstruction during the finishing period. A total of 197 pigs were assigned to one of three treatments: CON (18 pigs/pen, 0.7 m²/pig, n = 6 pens), SP9 (9 pigs/pen, 1.4 m²/pig, n = 6), and SP6 (6 pigs/pen, 2.8 m²/pig, n = 6). Each pen had one feeder with three headspaces. At weeks 2, 5, and 10, videos were recorded between 14:30 and 16:30 and scan-sampled every 20 seconds. Feeder use was defined as a pig with its head inside a headspace; feeder obstruction as a pig sitting or lying in front of a headspace, blocking access. Queuing was also recorded. Absolute feeder use was higher in CON than in SP9 and SP6 (P < 0.01), although use across the afternoon did not differ clearly between treatments. However, feeder obstruction was significantly more frequent in CON, particularly at week 10 (P < 0.01), with up to 75% of observations showing all headspaces blocked. Queuing was rare but mostly observed in CON. Across treatments, pigs preferred the outer headspaces (P < 0.01), while obstruction occurred most often near the solid floor (P < 0.01). In conclusion, high stocking density increases feeder obstruction, especially in later finishing stages. Reducing pig numbers per pen may improve access, but further refinement of pen and feeder design is recommended.

高放养密度会影响育肥猪获取和使用饲料的方式。本研究调查了不同空间，通过改变每个猪圈的猪数，如何影响育肥期喂料器的使用和阻塞。197头猪被分为CON（18头/圈，0.7 m²/头，n = 6个猪圈）、SP9（9头/圈，1.4 m²/头，n = 6）和SP6(6头/圈，2.8 m²/头，n = 6) 3个处理。每个笔有一个喂食器，有三个顶空。在第2周、第5周和第10周，在14:30到16:30之间录制视频，每20秒扫描一次。喂食器的使用被定义为猪的头在顶空内；喂食器的障碍物，如猪坐在或躺在一个头顶空间前，阻碍进入。排队也被记录了下来。CON组饲粮的绝对使用量高于SP9和SP6组（P < 0.01），但处理间下午饲粮的使用量差异不明显。然而，喂食器阻塞在CON中明显更频繁，特别是在第10周（P < 0.01），高达75%的观察显示所有头顶空间阻塞。排队现象很少见，但在con中最常见。在不同的处理中，猪更喜欢外部顶空间（P < 0.01），而阻塞最常发生在固体地板附近（P < 0.01）。综上所述，较高的放养密度增加了饲养障碍，特别是在肥育后期。减少每个猪圈的生猪数量可能会改善进入猪圈的机会，但建议进一步改进猪圈和喂食器的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling regulatory network of porcine oocyte IVM using integrated multi-omics 利用整合多组学揭示猪卵母细胞IVM的调控网络

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105806

Yufen Jiang , Helin Li , Na Cheng , Yuchen Han , Qiue Xu , Mingjin Li , Muhammad Ameen Jamal , Jianxiong Guo , Honghui Li , Hong-Jiang Wei , Wenmin Cheng

In vitro matured oocytes are an indispensable biological material for reproductive biology, as well as agricultural and biomedical research. However, the mechanisms underlying the oocyte maturation in vitro are not yet fully elucidated. Providing a systematic and comprehensive explanation of the complex regulatory network of oocyte maturation is challenging when relying on a single omics data. Therefore, we conducted transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanism underlying the porcine oocytes maturation. The results revealed a total of 2624 differentially expressed genes, 127 proteins and 17 and metabolites. Among these, 759 genes were uniquely expressed in GV-stage oocytes and 336 genes were exclusively expressed in MII-stage oocytes. Genes highly expressed at GV-stage were primarily involved in cytoplasmic-related processes, whereas those at MII-stage were associated with nuclear meiotic division. A total of 22 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated, while 105 were downregulated in the MII-stage oocyte compared to GV-stage oocytes. Furthermore, 65 proteins including RAB22A, ITPRID2, KIF14, LAMB1, BTG4 were predominantly expressed at MII-stage oocytes. Similarly, six differential metabolites (DMs) were upregulated, while eleven were downregulated in the MII-stage oocytes. Integrated transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses revealed that these differentially expressed components were enriched in glutathione metabolism pathway, highlighting the regulatory roles of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, nuclear transport, translational control, and post-translational modification in oocyte maturation. In conclusion, this multi-omics approach identified key regulators of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, providing some theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved.

体外成熟卵母细胞是生殖生物学、农业和生物医学研究中不可缺少的生物材料。然而，卵母细胞体外成熟的机制尚未完全阐明。当依赖于单一组学数据时，对卵母细胞成熟的复杂调控网络提供系统和全面的解释是具有挑战性的。因此，我们通过转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析来研究猪卵母细胞成熟的机制。结果显示，共有2624个差异表达基因，127个蛋白质和17个代谢物。其中759个基因在gv期卵母细胞中特异表达，336个基因在mii期卵母细胞中特异表达。在gv期高表达的基因主要参与细胞质相关过程，而在mii期高表达的基因则与核减数分裂相关。与gv期卵母细胞相比，mii期卵母细胞中共有22个差异表达蛋白（DEPs）上调，105个差异表达蛋白（DEPs）下调。此外，RAB22A、ITPRID2、KIF14、LAMB1、BTG4等65种蛋白在mii期卵母细胞中主要表达。同样，在mii期卵母细胞中，6种差异代谢物（DMs）上调，而11种下调。综合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析显示，这些差异表达成分在谷胱甘肽代谢途径中富集，突出了DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、核转运、翻译控制和翻译后修饰在卵母细胞成熟中的调节作用。综上所述，该多组学方法鉴定了猪卵母细胞体外成熟的关键调控因子，为了解其调控机制提供了一定的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Intake, growth, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and selected meat quality traits of beef cattle offered a barley-based concentrate with increasing levels of palm kernel expeller meal 对采食量、生长、饲料效率、胴体特性和所选肉品质的肉牛，在添加棕榈仁粕水平的基础上饲喂大麦精料

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105804

M. McGee , D. Magee , E.G. O’Riordan , A.K. Kelly , A.P. Moloney

Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of partial replacement of rolled barley (+soya bean meal) with palm kernel expeller meal (PK) - 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg fresh weight - in the concentrate, offered for 70 days as a 3.0 kg DM supplement to grass silage (Experiment 1) or ad libitum (Experiment 2), on intake, growth, feed efficiency (Experiments 1 and 2), carcass traits and meat quality characteristics (Experiment 2) of steers. In Experiment 1, there was a tendency for a linear decrease in total DM intake as inclusion of PK increased, but live weight gain was unaffected. In Experiment 2, inclusion of PK had no effect on total DM intake but there was a linear decrease in live weight gain and slaughter weight, and a linear increase in feed conversion ratio, as PK inclusion increased. There was a tendency for a linear decrease in carcass weight as inclusion of PK increased. Concentrate treatment did not affect subcutaneous fat or M. Longissimus dorsi muscle colour, but had a minor negative effect on muscle fatty acid composition in terms of human nutrition. In conclusion, inclusion of PK had no impact on animal growth when the concentrate was offered as a supplement to grass silage, but negatively impacted growth-related performance when it was offered ad libitum. Inclusion of PK had no commercial impact on muscle and fat colour, and did not affect the total saturated fatty acid concentration in muscle when the concentrate was offered ad libitum.

本试验旨在研究在精料中以0、100、200、300和400 g/kg鲜重的棕榈仁粕（PK）部分替代大麦（+豆粕），作为3.0 kg干物质补充（试验1）或随意补充（试验2），饲喂70 d对阉牛采食量、生长、饲料效率（试验1和2）、胴体性状和肉质特性（试验2）的影响。在试验1中，随着PK添加量的增加，总干物质摄入量呈线性下降趋势，但活重增加不受影响。试验2中，PK添加量对DM采食量无影响，但随着PK添加量的增加，活增重和屠宰重呈线性降低，饲料系数呈线性升高。随着PK添加量的增加，胴体重呈线性下降趋势。浓缩物处理不影响皮下脂肪或背最长肌肌肉颜色，但对人体营养方面的肌肉脂肪酸组成有轻微的负面影响。综上所述，当精料作为青贮饲料的补充时，添加PK对动物的生长没有影响，而当随意添加PK时，则对动物的生长相关性能产生负面影响。在商业上，PK对肌肉和脂肪颜色没有影响，当浓缩物随意供应时，也不影响肌肉中总饱和脂肪酸浓度。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic scans for selection signatures revealed candidate genes for adaptation and production traits in the Thai multibreed dairy cattle population 选择特征的基因组扫描揭示了泰国多品种奶牛种群适应和生产性状的候选基因

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105803

Thawee Laodim , Skorn Koonawootrittriron , Mauricio A. Elzo , Thanathip Suwanasopee , Danai Jattawa , Mattaneeya Sarakul

The genetic improvement of dairy cattle for tropical environments demands a balance between high productivity and adaptability. Although previous studies have explored genomic signatures in various cattle breeds, limited insights exist for the genetically diverse Thai multibreed dairy cattle population developed through crossbreeding of multiple Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds with Holstein. This study aimed to uncover selection signatures and candidate genes underpinning adaptation and production traits in this population. Using genotype data from 2661 animals (73,762 SNPs), population structure was revealed via Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC), identifying four genetically distinct groups. Integrated haplotype score (iHS) analysis identified 376 to 500 genomic regions under selection across groups, harboring 962 to 1657 genes. Seven strong candidate genes – KLF12, MAP2K6, SPATA16, LAMA2, SLC25A28, WNT7A, and HHIPL2 – were linked to milk yield, fat synthesis, immune response, and adaptation. Annotation revealed 5036 to 7970 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) per group, with 26.53 % to 28–84 % overlapping with milk traits in groups 1 to 3, and 24.96 % with meat traits in group 4. The QTL enrichment highlighted significant traits such as milk fat yield, immunoglobulin G levels, tick resistance, and coat color, reflecting environmental selection pressures. These findings demonstrate how artificial selection shaped the genomic landscape of Thai dairy cattle, influencing traits critical for productivity, health, and climate resilience. This study provides a foundation for genomic selection strategies tailored to tropical dairy systems and underscores the potential of genetic marker information to enhance dairy cattle efficiency, productivity, and sustainability under region-specific challenges.

热带环境下奶牛的遗传改良需要在高产和适应性之间取得平衡。虽然以前的研究已经探索了各种牛品种的基因组特征，但通过将多个牛品种和牛品种与荷斯坦杂交而形成的遗传多样性泰国多品种奶牛种群的见解有限。本研究旨在揭示该种群适应和生产性状的选择特征和候选基因。利用2661只动物（73762个snp）的基因型数据，通过主成分判别分析（Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components， DAPC）揭示了种群结构，确定了4个遗传上不同的群体。综合单倍型评分（iHS）分析确定了376至500个基因组区域，其中包含962至1657个基因。七个强有力的候选基因——KLF12、MAP2K6、SPATA16、LAMA2、SLC25A28、WNT7A和HHIPL2——与产奶量、脂肪合成、免疫反应和适应有关。每组共有5036 ~ 7970个qtl，其中1 ~ 3组与乳性状重叠率为26.53% ~ 28 ~ 84%，4组与肉性状重叠率为24.96%。QTL富集突出了乳脂产量、免疫球蛋白G水平、蜱虫抗性和毛色等显著性状，反映了环境选择压力。这些发现证明了人工选择如何塑造了泰国奶牛的基因组景观，影响了对生产力、健康和气候适应能力至关重要的性状。该研究为针对热带奶牛系统的基因组选择策略提供了基础，并强调了遗传标记信息在提高奶牛效率、生产力和区域特定挑战下的可持续性方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of heat stress on growth and resilience phenotypes of sheep raised in a semi-arid environment of sub-Saharan Africa 热应激对在撒哈拉以南非洲半干旱环境中饲养的绵羊生长和恢复表型的影响

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105794

E. Oyieng , J.M.K Ojango , M. Gauly , C.C. Ekine-Dzivenu , R. Mrode , E.L. Clark , R. Oloo , S. König

Sheep production in Arid and Semi-Arid lands face immense heat stress with the changing climate. This study assessed the effect of heat stress on growth and developed resilience phenotypes of sheep raised in a semi-arid environment. Heat stress was measured by Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Live body weight records of 4078 animals, belonging to pure Red Maasai (RRRR), pure Dorper (DDDD), and their crosses: 50%Dorper-50%RedMaasai (DDRR) and 75%Dorper-25%Red Maasai (DDDR) collected between 2003 and 2024 were analysed. Random regression models fitted with reaction norm functions were used to develop two resilience phenotypes: Response and Stability, at THI 70 and THI 85 representing varying heat stress. Animal mixed models were used to estimate genetic parameters. The THI breakpoints were 78.75, 78.71, 78.42 and 77.93 with a decline rate of 0.06 Kgs, 0.09 Kgs, 0.05 Kgs and 0.15 in live weight gain per unit change in THI for RRRR, DDDD, DDRR and DDDR respectively. The breed, sex, type of birth, dams’ parity and season of birth significantly (P<0.05) affected the stability of growth at low and high heat stress. The heritability estimates of resilience traits ranged from 0.12 to 0.16. Genetic correlations of resilience phenotypes at THI 85 with pre-weaning live weight gain were antagonistic and significant (P<0.05). With the changing climate, resilience phenotypes should be included in selection programs for sheep in the Arid and Semi-Arid lands for robust growth.

随着气候的变化，干旱和半干旱地区的绵羊生产面临着巨大的热应激。本研究评估了热应激对半干旱环境下饲养的绵羊生长和发育弹性表型的影响。采用温湿指数（THI）测定热应激。分析了2003 - 2024年收集的4078只纯红马赛（RRRR）、纯杜珀（DDDD）及其杂交品种：50%杜珀-50%红马赛（DDRR）和75%杜珀-25%红马赛（DDDR）的活体重记录。采用反应范数函数拟合的随机回归模型建立了两种恢复表型：反应和稳定，分别在THI 70和THI 85下代表不同的热应激。采用动物混合模型估计遗传参数。RRRR、DDDD、DDRR和DDDR的THI断点分别为78.75、78.71、78.42和77.93，THI单位变化活重增重下降幅度分别为0.06、0.09、0.05和0.15 kg。低、高热应激条件下，品种、性别、出生类型、胎次和出生季节对生长稳定性影响显著（P<0.05）。弹性性状的遗传力估计范围为0.12 ~ 0.16。THI 85的恢复力表型与断奶前活重增加呈拮抗且显著的遗传相关（P<0.05）。随着气候的变化，为了使干旱和半干旱地区的绵羊茁壮成长，应将适应力表型纳入选择方案。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of black garlic powder on immunoglobulin protein levels, hematological indicators, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in broiler chickens 黑蒜粉对肉鸡免疫球蛋白水平、血液学指标、抗氧化能力和生长性能的影响

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105791

Mokhtar Fathi , Kianoosh Zarrinkavyani , Zahra Biranvand , Shiva Maleki

Black garlic (BG), a fermented form of Allium sativum L., is produced under carefully controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and time. It contains numerous bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. A total of 500 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with five replicate pens (20 birds per pen). Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) control (fed a basal diet), (2) BGP-10 (basal diet + 10 g/kg black garlic powder), (3) BGP-20 (basal diet + 20 g/kg black garlic powder), (4) BGP-30 (basal diet + 30 g/kg black garlic powder), and (5) BGP-40 (basal diet + 40 g/kg black garlic powder). Results showed that birds in the BGP-20 group exhibited significantly higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), along with improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and lower mortality rates compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation of garlic powder at 20 g/kg and more led to increased red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, while reducing triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in serum (P < 0.05). Antioxidant analysis revealed that birds receiving up to 20 g/kg of black garlic powder had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, along with lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than those in other treatments (P < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation with black garlic at levels up to 20 g/kg significantly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating 20 g/kg of black garlic (the fermented form of garlic) into poultry diets may enhance oxidative balance, growth performance, and immune in broiler chickens.

黑蒜（BG）是Allium sativum L.的一种发酵形式，是在精心控制的温度、湿度和时间条件下生产的。它含有许多生物活性化合物，有助于其药用特性，包括抗炎和抗癌作用。试验选用1日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡500只，随机分为5个处理组，每组设5个重复栏（每个栏20只）。饲粮处理为：(1)对照组（饲喂基础饲粮）、(2)bp -10（基础饲粮+ 10 g/kg黑蒜粉）、(3)bp -20（基础饲粮+ 20 g/kg黑蒜粉）、(4)bp -30（基础饲粮+ 30 g/kg黑蒜粉）、(5)bp -40（基础饲粮+ 40 g/kg黑蒜粉）。结果表明，与其他各组相比，bp -20组鸟类的增重（BWG）和采食量（FI）显著增加，饲料系数（FCR）显著提高，死亡率显著降低(P <；0.05)。此外，添加20 g/kg及以上的大蒜粉可增加红细胞（RBC）计数、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平，同时降低血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平(P和lt；0.05)。抗氧化分析显示，与其他处理相比，接受高达20 g/kg黑蒜粉的鸟类具有更高的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，以及更低的丙二醛（MDA）水平(P <；0.05)。此外，与其他组相比，添加20 g/kg水平的黑蒜显著提高了免疫球蛋白g （IgG）和免疫球蛋白M （IgM）浓度(P <；0.05)。综上所述，饲粮中添加20 g/kg黑蒜（大蒜的发酵形式）可改善肉鸡的氧化平衡、生长性能和免疫力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of welfare in pigs with docked and undocked tails during the weaner stage 断尾和未断尾猪在断奶期的福利评估

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105792

Aloma Zoratti , Isabella Pividori , Mirco Corazzin , Gianluca Chiarelli , Luigi Faucitano , Anna Zuliani , Edi Piasentier

Tail integrity is a key welfare target in European pig farming. This study evaluated the welfare condition of weaner (28–84 days old) pigs with docked (D) and undocked (UD) tails on a commercial farm, following National Reference Center for Animal Welfare and WelfareQuality® standards. Animal-Based Measures and the hormonal quantification of cortisol (CORT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA(S)) in bristle samples were assessed in 295 pigs distributed in 16 pens. Pigs were born from 24 homogenous sows, distributed across four consecutive weekly batches, and were balanced by sex. Compared with D pigs, UD pigs presented more injuries in the tail (P = 0.02) and on the body (P < 0.01), with tail biting occurrences peaking halfway through the post-weaning phase. Body injuries increased over time, particularly in UD pigs, correlating with rising stocking density. D pigs displayed a straight tail posture more frequently (P < 0.01), suggesting a more positive emotional state. Regardless of tail condition, the use of environmental enrichments declined over time (P = 0.03) as novelty diminished. Hormonal analysis revealed sex-related differences in resilience, with females showing higher CORT and CORT/DHEA(S) ratio and lower DHEA(S) levels than castrated males (P < 0.01). There was a tendency toward higher CORT/DHEA(S) ratio in UD pigs than D ones (P = 0.06), indicating a greater activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to restore homeostatic conditions. Multivariate analysis linked body lesions, stress markers, and negative interactions, highlighting welfare’s multifactorial nature. Tail integrity alone may be misleading as a welfare indicator. A holistic assessment, integrating physical, emotional, and physiological factors, is crucial for improving management strategies for UD pigs on commercial farms.

尾巴完整性是欧洲养猪业的一个关键福利目标。本研究按照国家动物福利和福利质量参考中心®标准，评估了商业农场断奶猪（28-84日龄）断尾(D)和未断尾（UD）的福利状况。对分布在16个猪圈的295头猪进行了猪鬃样本中皮质醇（CORT）和硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEA(S)）的动物测量和激素定量分析。猪由24头同质母猪出生，分布在连续四个周批次，并按性别平衡。与D猪相比，UD猪在尾部（P = 0.02）和身体(P <；0.01)，咬尾事件在断奶后的中期达到峰值。身体损伤随着时间的推移而增加，特别是在UD猪中，这与饲养密度的增加有关。D型猪更频繁地表现出直尾姿态(P <；0.01)，表明更积极的情绪状态。无论尾部条件如何，随着新颖性的降低，环境富集的使用随着时间的推移而下降（P = 0.03）。激素分析揭示了恢复力的性别差异，与阉割的男性相比，女性的CORT和CORT/DHEA(S)比值较高，DHEA(S)水平较低(P <；0.01)。与D组相比，D组的CORT/DHEA(S)比值有更高的趋势（P = 0.06），表明下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活程度更高，以恢复体内平衡状态。多变量分析将身体病变、压力标记和负面互动联系起来，突出了福利的多因素性质。尾巴完整性本身作为福利指标可能具有误导性。综合身体、情感和生理因素的全面评估对于改善商业农场对UD猪的管理策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Feed intake, milk production, and nutrient use efficiency with early lactating Norwegian Red dairy cows fed concentrates with varying levels of local ingredients 挪威红奶牛采食量、产奶量和营养物质利用效率的研究

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105790

K.S. Eikanger , M. Eknæs , J.K. Sommerseth , I.J. Karlengen , I. Schei , M. Silberberg , A. Kidane

We evaluated the effects of replacing imported soya protein and carbohydrate ingredients in concentrate feeds with alkalised barley in dairy cow diets with grass silage as a basal diet. Eight multiparous early lactation Norwegian Red dairy (NRF) cows with an initial daily milk yield (MY±SD) of 30.5 ± 5.94 kg were used in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design experiment of four 35-day experimental periods. Four roughly isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were included: a positive control with a higher share of imported ingredients, including soya as a protein source (Soya-F), two concentrates including alkalised barley (Alka-diets), differing in pre-pelleting particle size (i.e., Alka fine = Alka-F, and Alka coarse = Alka-C), and a negative control with the same basal ingredients as the Alka-diets but with untreated barley and added feed-grade urea replacing the alkalised barley (Urea-F). Grass silage was offered ad libitum and concentrate requirement for individual cows was calculated based on Soya-F. The Soya-F was then quantitatively replaced by the other three concentrate feeds. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production, nutrient use efficiency, and serum metabolites were measured. Replacing Soya-F with Alka-diets did not affect feed intake, digestibility, and milk production. However, Alka-diets supported a greater milk yield than Urea-F, which in turn improved feed utilisation efficiency for Alka-diets without altered N efficiency. A coarser pre-pelleting structure of Alka-C resulted in a lower starch digestibility compared to Alka-F. In conclusion, alkaline-treated barley has the potential to replace soya in concentrates for NRF dairy cows without compromising production efficiency.

本研究评估了以草料青贮为基础日粮的奶牛饲粮中用碱化大麦替代浓缩饲料中进口大豆蛋白和碳水化合物成分的效果。选取8头初始日产奶量（MY±SD）为30.5±5.94 kg的多产早期泌乳挪威红奶牛，进行4 × 4重复拉丁方设计试验，试验期为4个35 d。包括四种大致等氮和等能的饲粮：阳性对照，进口成分的比例较高，包括大豆作为蛋白质来源（大豆- f）；两种浓缩物，包括碱化大麦（碱化大麦饲粮），预颗粒大小不同（即，碱细= Alka- f，碱粗= Alka- c）；阴性对照，与碱化大麦饲粮的基础成分相同，但未经处理的大麦和添加饲料级尿素代替碱化大麦（尿素- f）。以大豆- f为基础，计算单头奶牛的精料需要量。然后用其他三种浓缩饲料定量替代大豆- f。测定采食量、营养物质消化率、产奶量、营养物质利用效率和血清代谢产物。用alka日粮代替大豆f对采食量、消化率和产奶量没有影响。然而，与尿素- f相比，alka饲粮支持更高的产奶量，这反过来提高了alka饲粮的饲料利用效率，而不改变氮的效率。与Alka-F相比，Alka-C较粗的预制粒结构导致淀粉消化率较低。综上所述，碱处理大麦有潜力在不影响生产效率的情况下替代非rf奶牛精料中的大豆。

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引用次数: 0

Intensive vs. environmentally sustainable: The livestock dilemma 集约化vs.环境可持续：畜牧业的困境

IF 1.9 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Livestock Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105789

Alessia Lombardi , Giovanna Bifulco , Giuseppe Campanile , Gianluca Neglia , Nadia Piscopo , Antonio Paparella , Luigi Cembalo

Agricultural intensification is central to the modernization narrative, promoting efficiency and productivity, particularly in the dairy sector. Despite potential efficiency gains, intensive farming faces criticism for its environmental impact, particularly concerning greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient runoff, raising concerns about their long-term environmental sustainability. This study empirically investigates the interplay of farm intensification, environmental sustainability, and economic efficiency in the livestock sector. It uniquely analyses how intensification and environmental performance, the latter measured by the Agri-Environmental Footprint Index, influence the technical efficiency of buffalo dairy farms. To this end, this research employs the Stochastic Frontier Analysis to a sample of 198 buffalo farms within Italy's Protected Designation of Origin area, using the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for the period 2010 to 2022. Results highlighted that the adoption of intensive practices in buffalo farming represents a winning solution from the standpoint of technical efficiency, while acting sustainably does not pay off from a technical and economic point of view. These results stimulate reflections on the effectiveness of policies supporting livestock farms, offering insights for both practitioners and policymakers to improve agricultural practices while maintaining economic viability.

农业集约化是现代化叙事的核心，可以提高效率和生产力，特别是在乳制品部门。尽管集约化农业可能提高效率，但其对环境的影响仍受到批评，特别是在温室气体排放和养分流失方面，这引起了人们对其长期环境可持续性的担忧。本研究实证调查了农业集约化、环境可持续性和畜牧业经济效率之间的相互作用。它独特地分析了集约化和环境绩效（后者由农业环境足迹指数衡量）如何影响水牛奶牛场的技术效率。为此，本研究使用农场会计数据网络（FADN），对2010年至2022年期间意大利原产地指定保护区内的198个水牛农场进行了随机前沿分析。结果强调，从技术效率的角度来看，在水牛养殖中采用集约化做法是一种成功的解决方案，而从技术和经济的角度来看，可持续地采取行动并没有回报。这些结果激发了对支持畜牧业的政策有效性的思考，为从业者和政策制定者提供了在保持经济可行性的同时改进农业实践的见解。

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引用次数: 0