Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321466
Jin’ai Zhang, Qianjin Liu
According to the developing requirement of the united power system in our country, this paper analyzes their members and the cooperation relationship and designs a cooperating scheme for protection and control on the power grid with MAS and the character of agents. At the scheme, the agents in the layers of the coordinating structure work out coordinating protection on the power grid independently and collectively. And this paper takes PEDA technology to remove failures correctly and quickly. Comparing with the traditional protection, the scheme is more reliable and nimble, and it provides power grid intelligence protection with an effective method.
{"title":"The Application of a Multi-Agent Technology in Relaying Protection","authors":"Jin’ai Zhang, Qianjin Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321466","url":null,"abstract":"According to the developing requirement of the united power system in our country, this paper analyzes their members and the cooperation relationship and designs a cooperating scheme for protection and control on the power grid with MAS and the character of agents. At the scheme, the agents in the layers of the coordinating structure work out coordinating protection on the power grid independently and collectively. And this paper takes PEDA technology to remove failures correctly and quickly. Comparing with the traditional protection, the scheme is more reliable and nimble, and it provides power grid intelligence protection with an effective method.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124845644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321523
Wang Shi-shan, Liu Zeyuan, Liang Yanming, Guo Yinna, Gao Hong
Initial conditions and the time corresponding to most serious states of short-circuit was got based on the T-model of power transformer. Considering the conditions to be voltage at primary winding, short-circuit forces of windings and turns for transformer were calculated with FEM coupling magnetic field and circuit method under the 2D symmetrical model. As the turn corresponding to max forces along axial and radial direction is selected to researching object, static and dynamic finite element model is presented for single turn considering the characteristics of Powerformer. Selecting 4th strength theory, the stress distributions were calculated for static and dynamic states, respectively. The relationships between equivalent stress and precompression and spacer numbers are discussed; Displacements and its spectrums were analyzed, the law of equivalent stress via time was also done. And comparisons of equivalent stress at static and dynamic were done too.
{"title":"Calculation of Short-circuit Mechanical Strength for Powerformer","authors":"Wang Shi-shan, Liu Zeyuan, Liang Yanming, Guo Yinna, Gao Hong","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321523","url":null,"abstract":"Initial conditions and the time corresponding to most serious states of short-circuit was got based on the T-model of power transformer. Considering the conditions to be voltage at primary winding, short-circuit forces of windings and turns for transformer were calculated with FEM coupling magnetic field and circuit method under the 2D symmetrical model. As the turn corresponding to max forces along axial and radial direction is selected to researching object, static and dynamic finite element model is presented for single turn considering the characteristics of Powerformer. Selecting 4th strength theory, the stress distributions were calculated for static and dynamic states, respectively. The relationships between equivalent stress and precompression and spacer numbers are discussed; Displacements and its spectrums were analyzed, the law of equivalent stress via time was also done. And comparisons of equivalent stress at static and dynamic were done too.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126062659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321925
N. Voropai
A long-term period of planning the expansion of the Unified Energy System of the USSR resulted in formation of certain principles for electrical network expansion. In a market environment, however, these principles call for essential updating. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of how the requirements for expansion of the main electrical network and development of new technologies for power production, transmission and consumption affect the principles of the main electrical network formation. The main points of these principles are formulated. The structure of electrical network expansion planning problems is discussed.
{"title":"Main Principles of Electrical Network Expansion in a Market Environment of Russia","authors":"N. Voropai","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321925","url":null,"abstract":"A long-term period of planning the expansion of the Unified Energy System of the USSR resulted in formation of certain principles for electrical network expansion. In a market environment, however, these principles call for essential updating. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of how the requirements for expansion of the main electrical network and development of new technologies for power production, transmission and consumption affect the principles of the main electrical network formation. The main points of these principles are formulated. The structure of electrical network expansion planning problems is discussed.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123331695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321838
F. Li, R. Bo, Wenjuan Zhang
The ongoing de-regulation of the U.S. electric power industry is to build open-access, non-discriminative and competitive electricity markets. In 2002 the federal energy regulatory commission (FERC) proposed Standard Market Design (SMD), in which the key is the locational marginal pricing (LMP) methodology to determine the energy price and to manage the network congestion. LMP has been adopted by or is under implementation at a number of ISO's such as PJM, NYISO, ISO-New England, etc. This paper presents an iterative DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) algorithm to calculate LMP. Iteration is needed in a linearized DC network because the loss factor is dependent on generation dispatch, while generation dispatch is affected by loss factor as well. The results from DCOPF are compared with ACOPF algorithm at different loading levels and transmission line resistances. It is interesting to observe that the LMP results from two models are close for most of the loading levels, but may be significantly different in a few scenarios when the error in the linearized DC model causes the change of marginal units. It is also interesting to observe the increasing trend of the difference between two models when line resistance grows.
正在进行的对美国电力行业的放松管制是为了建立开放准入、非歧视和竞争的电力市场。2002年，联邦能源监管委员会(FERC)提出了标准市场设计(SMD)，其中关键是确定能源价格和管理网络拥堵的位置边际定价(LMP)方法。LMP已被许多ISO采用或正在实施，如PJM、NYISO、ISO- new England等。本文提出了一种计算LMP的迭代直流最优潮流(DCOPF)算法。由于损耗因子依赖于发电调度，而发电调度又受损耗因子的影响，线性化直流网络需要进行迭代。将DCOPF算法与ACOPF算法在不同负载水平和传输线电阻下的结果进行了比较。有趣的是，两种模型的LMP结果在大多数负载水平下是接近的，但在线性化直流模型的误差导致边际单位变化的少数情况下可能会有显著差异。有趣的是，当线路阻力增大时，两个模型之间的差值也呈增大趋势。
{"title":"Comparison of Different LMP Calculations in Power Market Simulation","authors":"F. Li, R. Bo, Wenjuan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321838","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing de-regulation of the U.S. electric power industry is to build open-access, non-discriminative and competitive electricity markets. In 2002 the federal energy regulatory commission (FERC) proposed Standard Market Design (SMD), in which the key is the locational marginal pricing (LMP) methodology to determine the energy price and to manage the network congestion. LMP has been adopted by or is under implementation at a number of ISO's such as PJM, NYISO, ISO-New England, etc. This paper presents an iterative DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) algorithm to calculate LMP. Iteration is needed in a linearized DC network because the loss factor is dependent on generation dispatch, while generation dispatch is affected by loss factor as well. The results from DCOPF are compared with ACOPF algorithm at different loading levels and transmission line resistances. It is interesting to observe that the LMP results from two models are close for most of the loading levels, but may be significantly different in a few scenarios when the error in the linearized DC model causes the change of marginal units. It is also interesting to observe the increasing trend of the difference between two models when line resistance grows.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321493
Luwen Xu, Yongming Li, Jihui Yu, Xingzhe Hou, Changping An
This paper presents a model for computing power frequency electromagnetic field of overhead high voltage transmission line based on simulation charge method. Based on this model, the electric field intensity under power line is calculated and the distribution is analyzed in different condition such as different distant between phase line, different phase order for double circuit, and different arrangement of line in single circuit or double circuit. According to the simulation results, the electric fields under overhead transmission line can be forecast. This is no doubt important in environment protection and available in the design of transmission line.
{"title":"Research on Electric Field of High-Voltage Transmission Line Power Frequency","authors":"Luwen Xu, Yongming Li, Jihui Yu, Xingzhe Hou, Changping An","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321493","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model for computing power frequency electromagnetic field of overhead high voltage transmission line based on simulation charge method. Based on this model, the electric field intensity under power line is calculated and the distribution is analyzed in different condition such as different distant between phase line, different phase order for double circuit, and different arrangement of line in single circuit or double circuit. According to the simulation results, the electric fields under overhead transmission line can be forecast. This is no doubt important in environment protection and available in the design of transmission line.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114884041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321416
Lingfeng Wang, C. Singh
A significant amount of attention has been paid to the renewable energy resources such as wind power in recent years. It has potential benefits in curbing emissions and reducing the consumption of irreplaceable fuel reserves. However, the penetration of wind power into traditional fuel- based generation systems will also cause some implications such as security concerns due to its unpredictable nature. Thus, in economic power dispatch with power penetration, a reasonable tradeoff between system risk and operational cost is desired. In this paper, a bi-objective economic dispatch problem considering wind penetration is formulated, which treats economic and security impacts as conflicting objectives. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is adopted to develop a power dispatch scheme which is able to achieve the compromise between economic and security requirements. The numerical simulations including sensitivity analysis are carried out based on a typical IEEE test power system to show the validity and applicability of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Tradeoff Between Risk and Cost in Economic Dispatch Including Wind Power Penetration Using Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Lingfeng Wang, C. Singh","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321416","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of attention has been paid to the renewable energy resources such as wind power in recent years. It has potential benefits in curbing emissions and reducing the consumption of irreplaceable fuel reserves. However, the penetration of wind power into traditional fuel- based generation systems will also cause some implications such as security concerns due to its unpredictable nature. Thus, in economic power dispatch with power penetration, a reasonable tradeoff between system risk and operational cost is desired. In this paper, a bi-objective economic dispatch problem considering wind penetration is formulated, which treats economic and security impacts as conflicting objectives. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is adopted to develop a power dispatch scheme which is able to achieve the compromise between economic and security requirements. The numerical simulations including sensitivity analysis are carried out based on a typical IEEE test power system to show the validity and applicability of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115358717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321773
L. Luo, Yong Li, Ji Li, Jiazhu Xu, Fusheng Liu
For announcing the electromagnetic transient course of the auto-compensator and harmonic shielding converter transformer, simulating the new-type converter transformer's voltage, current's input and output characteristics in the HVDC system and the interaction of the AC/DC system, This paper establishes the new-type converter transformer's transient simulation mathematic model using the synthetic companion method and the controlled source theory, and the simulation experiment is carried on by applying this model into the HVDC transient simulation. The experimental results show that the new-type converter transformer optimizes the system's structure in the certain degree. Through the zero impedance design of the third winding and the filter parameters reasonable setting, it not only can greatly reduce the harmonics in the AC side and the loss to the converter transformer, but also improve the converter bridge AC side's voltage and current wave, which is advantageous to the converter's normally moves.
{"title":"Transient Simulation of the AC/DC System Based on the New-type Converter Transformer","authors":"L. Luo, Yong Li, Ji Li, Jiazhu Xu, Fusheng Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321773","url":null,"abstract":"For announcing the electromagnetic transient course of the auto-compensator and harmonic shielding converter transformer, simulating the new-type converter transformer's voltage, current's input and output characteristics in the HVDC system and the interaction of the AC/DC system, This paper establishes the new-type converter transformer's transient simulation mathematic model using the synthetic companion method and the controlled source theory, and the simulation experiment is carried on by applying this model into the HVDC transient simulation. The experimental results show that the new-type converter transformer optimizes the system's structure in the certain degree. Through the zero impedance design of the third winding and the filter parameters reasonable setting, it not only can greatly reduce the harmonics in the AC side and the loss to the converter transformer, but also improve the converter bridge AC side's voltage and current wave, which is advantageous to the converter's normally moves.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116034625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321443
H. Zhao
The PMU can measure voltage phasors of the PMU node and current phasors of the correlative branch, and voltage phasors of the correlative nodes can be calculated by PMU measurements, so the state variable of these nodes are known. Two ways of research on the state estimation(SE) with PMU measurements are: one regards the PMU measurements as normal measurements and uses them together with SCADA measurements in the nonlinear state estimation; the other is linear state estimation with only PMU measurements on the condition that the system is observable fully with PMUs. The former has not considered the PMU's ability of measuring state variables, and the latter is difficult to realize now. Considering the high measurement precision and reliability of the PMU, the paper gives a new model to regard the state variable measured or calculated by PMU as the state variable of nodes in the state estimation. The model can utilize the PMU's ability of measuring state variables, reduce the scale of estimator. The improvement of calculating time- consuming and convergence speed in the new model is analyzed by the simulation. In the new SE model, the weight of PMU measurements is assumed to be infinite, and not equal to the variance reciprocal of measurements error, so the state estimation precision is influenced by the weight departure of the PMU measurements. The paper analyses and expands the new model more deeply, and presents a double state estimation model: at first, the nonlinear SE is done on the condition of taking the state variable measured or calculated by PMU as the state variable of nodes, then the linear SE is done with both nonlinear SE results and PMU measurements. The model adds little calculation time, but improves the SE equations' convergence speed and estimation precision simultaneously. The double state estimation model is validated by the simulation.
{"title":"A New State Estimation Model of Utilizing PMU Measurements","authors":"H. Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321443","url":null,"abstract":"The PMU can measure voltage phasors of the PMU node and current phasors of the correlative branch, and voltage phasors of the correlative nodes can be calculated by PMU measurements, so the state variable of these nodes are known. Two ways of research on the state estimation(SE) with PMU measurements are: one regards the PMU measurements as normal measurements and uses them together with SCADA measurements in the nonlinear state estimation; the other is linear state estimation with only PMU measurements on the condition that the system is observable fully with PMUs. The former has not considered the PMU's ability of measuring state variables, and the latter is difficult to realize now. Considering the high measurement precision and reliability of the PMU, the paper gives a new model to regard the state variable measured or calculated by PMU as the state variable of nodes in the state estimation. The model can utilize the PMU's ability of measuring state variables, reduce the scale of estimator. The improvement of calculating time- consuming and convergence speed in the new model is analyzed by the simulation. In the new SE model, the weight of PMU measurements is assumed to be infinite, and not equal to the variance reciprocal of measurements error, so the state estimation precision is influenced by the weight departure of the PMU measurements. The paper analyses and expands the new model more deeply, and presents a double state estimation model: at first, the nonlinear SE is done on the condition of taking the state variable measured or calculated by PMU as the state variable of nodes, then the linear SE is done with both nonlinear SE results and PMU measurements. The model adds little calculation time, but improves the SE equations' convergence speed and estimation precision simultaneously. The double state estimation model is validated by the simulation.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122320891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321707
D.S. Zhang, D.L. Zhang, X.H. Zhou, H.L. Qin, C. Wang, B. Su
In this paper, a digitally controlled three-phase switch mode power rectifier based on matrix converter is proposed for telecommunication power supply application. Matrix converter has the advantage of bidirectional power flow, controllable input power factor, high reliability, and compact design, and high operating frequency of the system allows the size and weight of the transformer to be reduced. The digital controller is developed by TI DSP TMS320F2812, and a novel solution for digital space vector pulse width modulation signals' generation is developed in this paper, SVPWM technique applied to a matrix converter is employed and implemented by CPLD. Experiment results are presented from a three-phase 220 V, DC 48 V output laboratory prototype converter.
{"title":"A Digitally Controlled Three Phase Single Stage Rectifier Based on Matrix Converter","authors":"D.S. Zhang, D.L. Zhang, X.H. Zhou, H.L. Qin, C. Wang, B. Su","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321707","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a digitally controlled three-phase switch mode power rectifier based on matrix converter is proposed for telecommunication power supply application. Matrix converter has the advantage of bidirectional power flow, controllable input power factor, high reliability, and compact design, and high operating frequency of the system allows the size and weight of the transformer to be reduced. The digital controller is developed by TI DSP TMS320F2812, and a novel solution for digital space vector pulse width modulation signals' generation is developed in this paper, SVPWM technique applied to a matrix converter is employed and implemented by CPLD. Experiment results are presented from a three-phase 220 V, DC 48 V output laboratory prototype converter.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114589729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2006.321502
N. S. Zhai, Y.Y. Yao, D.L. Zhang, D. Xu
Supercapacitors present many advantages in the energy storage field in comparison with batteries and electrostatic capacitors. To obtain an optimal solution for energy saving, combination schemes of supercapacitors and batteries are worthy of discussion. This paper describes the discharging process of the supercapacitors and some key problems to be solved in applications. Moreover, two methods for designing supercapacitor-battery hybrid systems are presented and compared. Furthermore, voltage balancing and overvoltage protection are discussed in this paper to improve the efficiency of the system and size the system optimally and economically.
{"title":"Design and Optimization for a Supercapacitor Application System","authors":"N. S. Zhai, Y.Y. Yao, D.L. Zhang, D. Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICPST.2006.321502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPST.2006.321502","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors present many advantages in the energy storage field in comparison with batteries and electrostatic capacitors. To obtain an optimal solution for energy saving, combination schemes of supercapacitors and batteries are worthy of discussion. This paper describes the discharging process of the supercapacitors and some key problems to be solved in applications. Moreover, two methods for designing supercapacitor-battery hybrid systems are presented and compared. Furthermore, voltage balancing and overvoltage protection are discussed in this paper to improve the efficiency of the system and size the system optimally and economically.","PeriodicalId":181574,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Power System Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121879340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：