Magnesium research最新文献

Background: Magnesium is the second most common cation in the cell. In addition to its role as a cofactor in many enzymatic pathways in physiological processes, it is necessary for the regular functioning of vascular smooth muscle cells. Magnesium deficiency has been associated with exacerbation of inflammation, which plays a role in the aetiopathogenesis of many diseases.

Aim: To investigate the potential relationship between serum magnesium level and the development of chronic venous insufficiency by comparison with healthy individuals.

Methods: The study included 394 patients with venous insufficiency based on physical examination findings and colour Doppler ultrasonography, and 206 controls without venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency was defined by colour Doppler as reflux lasting 0.5 seconds or more in superficial veins, and longer than one second in femoral and popliteal veins. Clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters, including serum magnesium level and indicators of inflammation, were compared between groups.

Results: A total of 600 participants were included. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. In total, 187 (47.46%) patients with chronic venous insufficiency and 105 (50.97%) of the control group were male (p=0.414). The median age of the patients with chronic venous insufficiency was 48 (min-max: 41-49), and the median age of the control group was 49.00 (min-max: 45.00-60.25) (p=0.064). Serum magnesium level was found to be significantly lower in the group with chronic venous insufficiency compared to the control group; 1.90 mg/dL (min-max: 1.82-2) versus 2.1 mg/dL (min-max: 2-2.2) (p<0.001), respectively.

Conclusion: Low serum magnesium levels may pose a potential risk for the development of chronic venous insufficiency, which is common in the community.

Background: Although low serum magnesium level is a a relatively common problem in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units (ICUs), its association with new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) has been studied to a lesser extent. We aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium levels on the development of NOAF in critically ill patients admitted to the mixed medical/surgical ICU.

Methods: A total of 110 eligible patients (45 female, 65 male) were included in this case-control study. The age and sex-matched control group (n = 110) included patients with no atrial fibrillation from admission to discharge or death.

Results: The incidence of NOAF was 2.4% (n = 110) between January 2013 and June 2020. At NOAF onset or the matched time point, median serum magnesium levels were lower in the NOAF group than in the control group (0.84 [0.73-0.93] vs. 0.86 [0.79-0.97] mmol/L; p = 0.025). At NOAF onset or the matched time point, 24.5% (n = 27) in the NOAF group and 12.7% (n = 14) in the control group had hypomagnesemia (p = 0.037). Based on Model 1, multivariable analysis demonstrated magnesium level at NOAF onset or the matched time point (OR: 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01-0.44; p = 0.004), acute kidney injury (OR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.03-3.40; p = 0.039), and APACHE II (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09; p = 0.046) as factors independently associated with an increased risk of NOAF. Based on Model 2, multivariable analysis demonstrated hypomagnesemia at NOAF onset or the matched time point (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.19-5.36; p = 0.016) and APACHE II (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09; p = 0.043) as factors independently associated with an increased risk of NOAF. In multivariate analysis for hospital mortality, NOAF was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality (OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.69-6.13, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The development of NOAF in critically ill patients increases mortality. Critically ill patients with hypermagnesemia should be carefully evaluated for risk of NOAF.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels at the time of admission and survival in COVID-19 patients followed in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: In total, 461 patients over the age of 18 diagnosed with the COVID-19, followed in the COVID-19 ICU of our hospital, were included. Patients whose files could not be accessed were excluded. Data on patients' demographics, clinical features, and laboratory data were compared according to the Mg levels measured during their admission to the ICU. The patients were divided into five groups according to their Mg level: Group 1 (<1.8 mg/dL), Group 2 (1.8-<2 mg/dL), Group 3 (2-<2.2 mg/dL), Group 4 (2.2-<2.4 mg/dL), and Group 5 (>2.4 mg/dL).

Results: For patients with Mg value of <2 mg/dL, the proportion of males to females was roughly equal, however, the proportion of males was higher in other groups (p = 0.004). Overall, hypertension was the most common comorbid disease in patients, followed by diabetes mellitus in 32.1%. The latter was observed more frequently in Group 1 (<1.8 mg/dL) compared to the other groups (51.3%, p = 0.008). No significant difference was determined between the groups regarding laboratory values and treatments administered. Requirement of mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in Groups 1 (<1.8 mg/dL) and 5 (>2.4 mg/dL) than in other groups (p = 0.008). However, although mortality was also high in these groups, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.067).

Conclusion: A correlation between serum Mg levels and mortality was not observed, but mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation were higher in groups with Mg levels <1.8 mg/dL and >2.4 mg/dL compared to other groups. We believe that it is critical to measure serum Mg levels while supporting COVID-19 patients with Mg in the ICU.

Magnesium orotate dihydrate (MOD) is a weakly acidic drug (pKa 2.83) which belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class I at a dose of 500 mg and to BCS Class II at a dose of 1,000 mg. It is clinically prescribed at a dose of 3,000 mg (in two to three divided doses). The aim of the present study was to develop a bio-relevant pH gradient dissolution method for MOD in order to evaluate whether its clinically practiced therapeutic dose may be absorbed or not. The developed method revealed that MOD undergoes slow, but complete dissolution within 180 minutes, corresponding to the time to achieve maximum serum concentration (Tmax) in vivo. Optimization studies revealed that a rotational speed of 75 rpm provided reliable results (relative standard deviation of less than 20% up to a 10-minute time point, and less than 10% for the other time points), and MOD underwent complete dissolution within the testing timeframe at this rotational speed. Based on a pharmacokinetics study and the Wagner Nelson method, the relative extent of MOD absorption, when administered at a high dose equivalent to a human dose of 1,524 mg in Wistar rats in comparison to its oral suspension, was greater than 90%. In vitro – in vivo correlation, established through a deconvolution method, showed excellent correlation between percent of drug dissolved and percent of drug absorbed (R² = 0.9303). Therefore, even when MOD is administered at a single high dose, it can undergo slow but complete dissolution and absorption in vivo.

Deficiency of serum magnesium is associated with the incidence of migraine attacks. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels in a group of patients diagnosed with migraine. Human donors were selected from basic health units (migraine, n = 25) and from a collection and transfusion unit (control, n = 25), both located in the city of Sinop, Brazil. Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were assessed using flame atomic absorption. Plasma magnesium concentration was significantly lower in the migraine group (0.172 ± 0.018) compared to the control group (0.197 ± 0.020 mg/L), and erythrocyte magnesium concentration was also lower in the migraine group (0.393 ± 0.053 mg/L) compared to the control group (0.432 ± 0.056 mg/L). The method for analysis of magnesium in human plasma and erythrocytes by flame atomic absorption was shown to be in accordance with validation guidelines. This study shows that plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly lower in volunteers diagnosed with migraine compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, erythrocyte magnesium proved to be a better marker than plasma magnesium for patients with migraine.

Introduction: The present study explored the relationship between hypomagnesemia and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study, conducted on adult CAP patients with T2DM at The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao between January 2015 and December 2018. The primary outcome was all-cause deaths.

Results: In total, 480 CAP inpatients with T2DM were enrolled, and 71 patients (14.8%) had hypomagnesemia on admission. After one month and three months of follow-up, the hypomagnesemia group had a higher mortality rate than the normal magnesium group (p<0.05). After six months of follow-up, the mortality rate remained higher in the hypomagnesemia group, however, this was not statistically significant (χ²=2.799, p=0.094). After 12 months and 24 months of follow-up, the mortality rates were similar between the hypomagnesemia and normal magnesium groups (p<0.05). Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, hypomagnesemia was an independent risk factor for one-monthmortality(OR=3.858,95% CI: 1.637~9.088, p=0.002), three-month mortality (OR=3.083, 95% CI: 1.434~6.627, p=0.004) and six-month mortality (OR=2.551, 95% CI: 1.209~5.383, p=0.014).

Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia is common in CAP inpatients with T2DM. Moreover, in these patients, hypomagnesemia at admission is associated with increased mortality in the short-term but not the long-term.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of patients after openheart surgery.

Materials and methods: Based on a clinical trial, 60 candidates for open-heart surgery were separated into control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, 500 mg of magnesium was administered daily in the form of two 250-mg magnesium oxide tablets for five days, and routine care was performed in the control group. Patients’ demographic information and assessment based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Petersburg Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) were documented at the beginning of the study, after surgery and endotracheal intubation, and at the end of the study. Data were statistically analysed using Stata software version 13.

Results: After the intervention, the mean level of magnesium in the intervention group was significantly higher (p=0.001). At the end of the study, the mean level of anxiety and depression was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p=0.007), moreover, mean sleep quality improved in the intervention group (8.3 ± 2.1) compared to the control group (10.3 ± 2.0) (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Due to the effects of magnesium supplementation in patients after heart surgery, it is recommended that this supplement be included in the treatment plan in order to prevent anxiety and depression in these patients after surgery and improve their quality of sleep.

Objective: To investigate the metabolic changes in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) treated with oral magnesium sulphate administration.

Materials and methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and MHE group (further divided into an MHE group and an MHE-Mg group treated with oral administration of 124 mg/kg/day magnesium sulphate). Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze and narrow beam walking (NBW) were used to evaluate cognitive and motor functions. Brain manganese and magnesium content were measured. The metabolic changes in rats with MHE were investigated using hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomic signatures were identified with enrichment and pathway analysis.

Results: A significantly decreased number of entries into the MWM within the range of interest, longer latency and total time during NBW, and higher brain manganese content were found in rats with MHE. After magnesium sulphate treatment, the rats with MHE had better behavioural performance and lower brain manganese content. The 25 and 26 metabolomic signatures were identified in the cortex and striatum of rats with MHE. The pathway analysis revealed alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism as the major abnormal metabolic pathways associated with these metabolomic signatures.

Conclusion: Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism are major abnormal metabolic pathways in rats with MHE, which could be restored by magnesium sulphate treatment.