Magnesium research最新文献

The role of magnesium supplementation in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes (GD) has not been elucidated. To evaluate the effect of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) on the risk of developing GD in a model of obese rats with hydrochlorothiazide-induced hypomagnesemia. Female Wistar rats were allocated into a healthy control or obese group. Obesity was induced with an obesogenic diet and defined by a body weight 30% higher than that of the healthy control group. Once obesity was induced and before pregnancy, hypomagnesemia was generated using hydrochlorothiazide (5 mg/kg body weight). Subsequently, the oestrous cycle was evaluated to proceed for mating. Once pregnancy was confirmed, the obese rats were allocated to an intervention group (IG) or control group (HOCG). Rats in the IG received MgCl2 (50 mg/kg body weight, equivalent to 500 mg per day in humans). Fasting glucose and ionized magnesium levels were determined on days 6, 15, and 20 of pregnancy. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 15 of pregnancy. Rats in the IG had significantly increased ionized magnesium (p=0.009), decreased fasting (p=0.02) and two-hour post-load (p=0.04) glucose levels, and exhibited lower body weight gain than the HOCG (p<0.05). At the end of the study, 75% of the rats in the HOCG, but none in the IG, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for GD. In obese hypomagnesaemic rats, magnesium supplementation, using MgCl2, reduces fasting and two-hour post-load glucose levels as well as the risk of developing GD, and induces lower body weight gain during pregnancy.

Magnesium has been used as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia owing to its multiple benefits, including potentiating the action of rocuronium. However, magnesium may affect neostigmine-induced neuromuscular blockade recovery. The effects of intraoperative magnesium administration on residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) were investigated. This retrospective study reviewed the data of adult patients who underwent general anaesthesia with rocuronium as the neuromuscular blocking agent and neostigmine as the reversal agent, between 2018 and 2020. RNMB was defined as the administration of an additional reversal agent (neostigmine or sugammadex) in the post-anaesthesia care unit. The incidence of RNMB was compared between magnesium and control groups, and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors. Of 61,471 patients, 23,523 were included in the logistic regression analysis. After propensity score matching, 5166 patients from each group were compared, and RNMB incidence was comparable between the magnesium and control groups. In the logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for RNMB were older age (odds ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.03; p<0.001), male gender (1.72; 1.33-2.23; p<0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (2.08; 1.54-2.82; p<0.001), limb surgery (1.46; 1.01-2.12; p=0.042), volatile anaesthetics, sevoflurane (1.84; 1.27-2.66; p=0.001), and intraoperative hypothermia (1.58; 1.13-2.23; p=0.008). Magnesium increased the risk of RNMB in patients anesthetized by propofol (2.22; 1.46-3.38; p<0.001) and sevoflurane (2.57; 1.60-4.11; p<0.001), but not desflurane (p≥0.05). Intraoperative magnesium increases the risk of RNMB in patients anesthetized with propofol and sevoflurane, and should be used with caution depending on the type of general anaesthetic agent administered.

Liver fibrosis (LF) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies have found that dietary magnesium (Mg), as an antioxidant nutrient, may be related to the occurrence and development of liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between dietary Mg and the risk of LF in T2DM patients. In this cross-sectional study, data of T2DM patients, aged ≥18 years, were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017-2018). Dietary Mg intake information was obtained by 24-hour dietary recall review. Covariates included sociodemographic information, lifestyle, laboratory data, disease history and medication history, extracted from the database. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary Mg intake and LF among T2DM patients, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses based on patients with or without a history of hepatic steatosis were further assessed. A total of 945 participants were finally included, of whom 219 (23.17%) had LF. After adjusting for covariates, a high level of dietary Mg intake (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.93) was associated with lower odds of LF in T2DM patients, especially in patients with a history of hepatic steatosis (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.87). High dietary Mg intake has potential benefits in maintaining a healthy liver in T2DM patients. Sufficient Mg-rich foods and Mg supplementation may be beneficial for liver health management among T2DM patients. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

A physiological concentration of magnesium (Mg) is essential for optimal skeletal muscle function. Indeed, Mg plays a crucial role during the differentiation process (myogenesis), in muscle fiber composition, muscle contraction and performance. This narrative review describes in detail the relevance of Mg in skeletal muscle, highlighting the importance of adequate Mg intake to ensure optimal skeletal muscle cell function and performance in individuals of all ages.

Magnesium is one of the recommended treatments for calcium stone formers (CSFs) with hyperoxaluria. In this study, we compared the effect of magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium citrate (MgCit) with placebo on 24-hour urine (24-U) metabolites and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index (CaOx SS). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 CSFs with idiopathic hyperoxaluria were recruited from a tertiary stone prevention clinic. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups: 120 mg MgO, 120 mg MgCit or placebo (supplements were taken three times per day, with meals). Finally, 76 patients were included in the final analysis. Analyses of 24-U were performed at baseline and after eight weeks. Study outcomes included changes in 24-U oxalate, magnesium, citrate, and CaOx SS. Dietary factors were controlled by 24-hour food recalls. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the results. After the intervention, both MgO and MgCit supplements decreased 24-U oxalate excretion (-8.13±16.45 in the MgO group and -16.99±18.02 in the MgCit group) and CaOx SS compared to the placebo, with the effects of MgCit reaching statistical significance (p=0.011 and p=0.010, respectively). An increasing trend was observed for 24-U magnesium and citrate excretion without significant differences among groups. Interestingly, MgCit exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on 24-U oxalate in patients with normal urine magnesium levels (p=0.021). Clinically, both MgO and MgCit reduced 24-U oxalate and CaOx SS compared to placebo. However, MgCit demonstrated a greater effect, especially in patients with normal urine magnesium levels.

The association between short-term changes in serum magnesium level and risk of in-hospital mortality was investigated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this retrospective cohort study, data of 2,716 patients with AMI were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV) database for 2001-2012. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between serum magnesium level and short-term change and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI. In addition, subgroups according to age, gender, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS-II) were also analysed. In total, 504 (18.6%) patients died in hospital. After adjusting for covariates, all AMI patients with high magnesium levels at ICU admission (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.83-1.27) or 48 hours after ICU admission (all p<0.05), or those demonstrating a change in magnesium level within the first 48 hours of ICU stay (all p<0.05) were shown to have a high risk of in-hospital mortality. Moreover, this correlation was retained irrespective of age, gender, SOFA score, and SAPS-II (all p<0.05). Serum magnesium levels at different time points after ICU admission and change in serum magnesium level during the first 48 hours were associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, indicating that clinical attention should be paid to short-term changes in serum magnesium levels regarding treatment adjustment, which may further reduce the risk of mortality.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality among diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. In this retrospective cohort study, data of 1,034 DR patients were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018). Dietary magnesium data were obtained from two 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and categorized into quartiles. Potential confounders were selected using weighted univariate Cox regression models. Weighted univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to explore the association between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality in DR patients. The results were presented with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations were further explored for subgroups related to age, gender, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Our study included 1,034 DR patients, of whom 438 (42.36%) died. The mean age of all patients was 63.26 (0.51) years old, with a median follow-up time of 75.00 months. Higher magnesium intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (HR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.88) in DR patients. The association remained for those aged <65 years (HR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.81), male patients (HR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.84), patients without chronic kidney disease (HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.82), and patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.39-1.02). DR patients with adequate magnesium intake exhibited a lower incidence of all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and explore the optimal strategy for magnesium supplementation in DR patients.

Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD) are multifaceted and include alpha synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, imbalance of trace elements as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Alteration in the homeostasis of bivalent cations, such as iron, magnesium and calcium, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with accelerated dopaminergic cell loss in animal PD models, and magnesium has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in PD models. Evidence of a low magnesium level in the brain of PD individuals, with a low magnesium level in the diet, increasing the risk of PD, further strengthens the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of PD. The presence of low-level magnesium in brain tissue and high level in CSF and serum support the possibility of dysfunctional magnesium transporters in PD. Indeed, variants in magnesium transport channels, such as TRPM7 and SLC41A1, have been recently detected in PD individuals. Magnesium, being an NMDA antagonist, could also have a therapeutic role in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. There are no clinical studies indicating a neuroprotective role of magnesium in PD, however, the Mediterranean diet and variants of the diet have been associated with a lower risk of PD, which may be due to the magnesium-rich constituents of the diet. Further clinical trials encompassing therapeutic models to optimize channel function, coupled with a high magnesium diet, may pave the way for promising neuroprotective intervention for PD.

To evaluate the analgesic effects of intravenous magnesium in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were systematically identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2023. The primary outcome was the effect of intravenous magnesium on the severity of postoperative pain at 24 hours following surgery, while the secondary outcomes included association between intravenous magnesium and pain severity at other time points, morphine consumption, and haemodynamic changes. Meta-analysis of seven RCTs published between 2007 and 2019, involving 549 adults, showed no correlation between magnesium and pain scores at 1-4 (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.06; p=0.58), 8-12 (SMD=-0.09; p=0.58), 24 (SMD=-0.16; p=0.42), and 48 (SMD=-0.27; p=0.09) hours post-surgery. Perioperative magnesium resulted in lower equivalent morphine consumption at 24 hours post-surgery (mean difference [MD]=-25.22 mg; p=0.04) and no effect at 48 hours (MD=-4.46 mg; p=0.19). Magnesium decreased heart rate (MD = -5.31 beats/min; p=0.0002) after tracheal intubation or after surgery, but had no effect on postoperative blood pressure (MD=-6.25 mmHg; p=0.11). There was a significantly higher concentration of magnesium in the magnesium group compared with that in the placebo group (MD = 0.91 mg/dL; p<0.00001). This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting perioperative magnesium as an analgesic adjuvant at 24 hours following thoracic surgery, but no opioid-sparing effect at 48 hours post-surgery. The severity of postoperative pain did not significantly differ between any of the postoperative time points, irrespective of magnesium. Further research on perioperative magnesium in various surgical settings is needed.

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum magnesium trajectory and risk of in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis. Adult sepsis patients who had complete data on serum magnesium at ICU admission (at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after ICU admission) based the 2012-2019 Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database were included in this retrospective cohort study. Serum magnesium trajectories were identified using K-means cluster analysis. The multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model was used to evaluate the association between magnesium level at different time points or magnesium trajectory and in-hospital mortality. A total of 2,270 patients with sepsis were enrolled, and in-hospital mortality occurred in 716 (31.54%). Three trajectories were identified: a high-level declining trajectory, normal-level stable trajectory, and low-level rising trajectory. Among the magnesium levels at different time points, a higher serum magnesium level only at ICU admission (0h) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.23) was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Compared with the normal-level stable trajectory group, patients in the low-level rising trajectory group (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) had a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality, but no association with in-hospital mortality was found in patients in the high-level declining trajectory group (p=0.812). Conclusion: Sepsis patients with a low-level, rising magnesium trajectory may have a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality.