Magnesium research最新文献

Individuals with long-COVID exhibit a higher frequency of hypomagnesemia, vitamin D deficiency, and depression. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral supplementation with magnesium chloride plus vitamin D in alleviating depressive symptoms related to long-COVID. A total of 60 subjects, aged 52.8±12.6 years, with a diagnosis of hypomagnesemia, vitamin D deficiency, and mild-to-moderate depression (MMD) related to long-COVID, were enrolled in an open-label randomized, controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (n=30) that received magnesium chloride (1300 mg) plus vitamin D (4000 IU), or a control group (n=30) that received vitamin D (4000 IU), for four months. Using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), diagnosis of MMD was established based on a score of ≥11<30. The primary trial endpoint was improvement in depressive symptoms (BDI <11). Mild adverse events that did not require withdrawal from intervention were documented in six (20.0%) and three (10%) individuals of the intervention and control group, respectively. By comparing baseline vs. final measurements, the BDI score was significantly reduced in individuals in the intervention (28.8±3.7 to 9.2±7.5, p<0.01) and control (28.4±3.8 to 21.6±9.1, p<0.05) group. A total of 22 (73.2%) subjects in the intervention group and 10 (34.5%) in the control group reached a BDI <11, p=0.006. Our results show that, among patients with hypomagnesemia and vitamin D deficiency, combined oral supplementation with magnesium plus vitamin D is effective and safe in alleviating MMD related to long-COVID.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a main issue in renal transplantation, and antioxidants attenuate I/R injury in different tissues. We investigated the protective effects of nano magnesium oxide (nano-MgO) on renal I/R injury in rats. Induction of I/R injury was performed through clamping the left renal pedicle for 20 minutes. Animals were administrated with nano-MgO (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) for 30 days by gavage, and were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Our findings show that nano-MgO administration (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) in rats with renal I/R injury significantly attenuated serum creatinine and urea levels (p<0.001), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities in renal homogenates (p<0.001), as evidenced by histopathological assessment, and caused a significant reduction in EGF immunoreactivity and EGFR expression in renal tissues (p<0.001). In conclusion, nano-MgO administration preserves renal function and prevents tissue damage after I/R injury in rats.

Hypomagnesemia, a common condition, frequently goes unnoticed due to varying symptom severity. In the hospital setting, the link between adverse drug reactions and hypomagnesemia is not always clear, and some drug labels omit this risk, compounding the potential danger. We conducted a cross-sectional study by mining data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) covering Q1 2004 to Q4 2023. Using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, we identified cases of hypomagnesemia, determined the signal drugs causing hypomagnesemia based on the drug name, and employed descriptive and disproportionality analysis methods for signal detection. From 17,381,220 adverse event reports, 11,228 individual safety reports (ISRs) involving hypomagnesemia were identified. Omeprazole led with 1,556 reports (20.75%), followed by pantoprazole, panitumumab, cetuximab, and esomeprazole. Disproportionality analysis revealed necitumumab as the drug with the strongest signal, followed by capreomycin, panitumumab, pantoprazole, and omeprazole. Among the top 50 drugs from the disproportionality analysis, 31 signal drugs had labels that did not mention the risk of hypomagnesemia. We issue warnings regarding drugs associated with specific combination therapies that cause adverse reactions leading to hypomagnesemia. Furthermore, to delve deeper into the relationship between drugs and hypomagnesemia, reliance on more credible research in this field is required.

Total serum magnesium concentration is rarely determined in clinical practice. Moreover, there is currently no standardised and evidence-based reference range for serum magnesium. The aim of this communication is to propose a reference range that is evidence-based and reflects the preventive potential of optimal magnesium levels. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using the terms "serum magnesium", "reference interval", "reference range", and "hypomagnesemia". Additionally, citations from relevant studies were consulted. There is considerable variation between laboratories with regards to the lower limit of magnesium in serum. The majority of limits are considerably below the 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL) threshold proposed by expert groups. The rationale for this limit is that lower levels are associated with an increased risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. To prevent health risks associated with low magnesium levels, the lower limit of serum magnesium should be raised to 0.85 mmol/L and standardised between laboratories. At least, laboratory reports should note that levels below 0.85 mmol/L are associated with an increased risk of disease. Furthermore, the determination of serum magnesium should be afforded the same importance in routine laboratory diagnostics as the determination of other electrolytes.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between magnesium (Mg) status, serum vitamin D (VD) concentration and mortality in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Data for this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2018. Magnesium depletion score (MDS) is a scoring system developed to predict the status of Mg deficiency that considers the pathophysiological factors influencing the reabsorption capability of the kidneys. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality of CHF patients and the secondary outcome was mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Weighted univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between Mg status, serum VD concentration and all-cause mortality or mortality due to CVD in CHF patients, using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on age, physical activity (PA), course of CHF, race, and body mass index were further assessed with regards to the association analysis. In total, 1022 CHF patients were included, of whom 418 (40.90 %) died by 31st December 2019. After adjusting for all covariates, high MDS (>2 points) was related to a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.30-2.29) and mortality due to CVD (HR = 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.29-2.25); a higher serum VD concentration was related to a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.78, 95 %CI: 0.62-0.99) and mortality due to CVD (HR = 0.80, 95 % CI: 0.63-0.99). Compared to patients with high serum VD concentration and low MDS, patients with low serum VD concentration and high MDS had a high risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.44, 95 % CI: 1.54-3.85, p for trend = 0.043) and mortality due to CVD (HR = 2.41, 95 % CI: 1.32-4.40). Serum VD and Mg status may have a combined effect in improving the prognosis in CHF patients, thus an appropriate level of serum VD and Mg intake may be beneficial to maintain cardiovascular health, thereby improving outcome.

This prospective case-control study explored the association between urinary magnesium levels and acute urinary retention (AUR) in individuals presenting to the emergency department. Forty-six participants, comprising 23 cases and 23 age- and sex-matched controls, underwent urine analysis for magnesium, calcium, and creatinine concentrations. The exclusion criteria mitigated potential confounding factors. AUR cases exhibited significantly lower magnesium (5.97 vs.3.87, p = 0.031), calcium (11.04 vs. 5.3, p = 0.022), and creatinine (149.9 vs. 66.0, p = 0.005) levels (mg/dL) compared to controls. After adjusting for creatinine levels, no intergroup differences were observed. An inverse linear correlation was noted between the International Prostate Symptom Score and magnesium level (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.009). A magnesium cut-off of 3.57 mg/dL demonstrated 82.6 % sensitivity, 56.5 % specificity, and an AUC of 0.70. Patients with magnesium levels below 3.57 mg/dL had an 80 % higher risk of AUR (OR: 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.08-3.01, p = 0.016). This study highlights urinary magnesium as a potential marker for risk of AUR, paving the way for larger prospective studies in this intriguing domain. Future interventions that manipulate magnesium levels may offer innovative avenues for managing lower urinary tract disorders.

Olfactory impairment in the elderly has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, and oxidative stress may be involved in this process. Dietary magnesium (Mg), as an antioxidant dietary nutrient, has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary Mg intake on cognitive decline related to olfactory impairment in older adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2013-2014. Information on dietary Mg intake was obtained from 24-hour interview. Assessment of cognitive decline included four evaluation dimensions: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (including immediate and delayed), an animal fluency test, and a digit symbol substitution test. Weighted univariable and multivariable linear regression models were utilized to explore the effect of Mg on cognitive decline related to olfactory impairment, using β values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on gender, history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression were further assessed. In total, 1,388 elderly people were included, of whom 319 (22.98%) had olfactory impairment. After adjusting for all covariates, there was an inverse relationship between high Mg intake and cognitive decline (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.37 to -0.04), and olfactory impairment was positively associated with cognitive decline (β=0.53, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.77). Among the elderly with olfactory impairment, the odds of cognitive decline were reduced in the high Mg intake group (β=0.37, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.71) compared to the low Mg intake group (β=0.67, 95%CI: 0.39 to 0.96), especially among the elderly who were female (β=0.53, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.98), with diabetes (β=0.72, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.99), and without CVD (β=0.33, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.61) and depression (β=0.38, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.70). Adequate dietary Mg intake may provide potential beneficial effects, improving cognitive function, among elderly patients with olfactory impairment, which should be confirmed by scale-large prospective studies.