Magnesium research最新文献

To investigate the association between abnormal serum magnesium levels and the prognosis of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1381 elderly patients with CAP in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao between January 2015 and December 2018. Serum magnesium concentrations in the range of 0.75-1.25 mmol/L were defined as normal. Patients were assigned into normal, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, indicating whether a patient died at the time of discharge from the hospital. The percentages of respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation were 18.6% and 10.6 % in the normal group, 29% and 16.5 % in the hypomagnesemia, and 42.9% and 35.7% in the hypermagnesemia groups. The occurrence of shock was 8.5% and 4.5% in the hypomagnesemia group and the normal group. The percentages of the length of stay at ICU were 14.9%, 18.8%, and 57.1% in the hypomagnesemia, normal, and hypermagnesemia groups. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5.3%, 9.1%, and 35.7% in the normal, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia groups, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that the in-hospital mortality in the hypomagnesemia group was 1.790 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.009∼3.176, P=0.046) times higher than that in the normal group; in the hypermagnesemia group, it was 9.947 (95% CI: 3.238-30.556, P<0.001) times higher than that in the normal group. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, diabetes, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, cancer, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glucose, and CURB-65 score, in the hypomagnesemia group, the in-hospital mortality was 1.746 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.956∼3.186, P=0.070) times higher than that in the normal group, and 5.689 (95% CI: 1.583- 20.446, P=0.008) times higher in the hypermagnesemia group than that in the normal group. Abnormal serum magnesium levels are strongly associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with CAP. The measurement of serum magnesium levels in elderly patients with CAP at admission may assist clinicians to determine the prognosis of such patients.

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation and plays a significant role in immune system and cardiac protection. Mg deficiency contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation leading to cardiovascular diseases, and low Mg level exacerbates virus-induced inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum magnesium level is associated with myocardial damage and prognosis of COVID-19. This was a single-center, observational retrospective study of patients with COVID-19. The study population was divided into two groups according to in-hospital mortality: a survivor group (SG) and a non-survivor group (NSG). Myocardial damage was defined as blood levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) above the 99^th percentile upper reference limit. Magnesium, variables regarding inflammation, and myocardial damage were compared between the groups. A total of 629 patients with COVID-19 were included. Mortality rate was 11.85% (n = 82). There were 61 (74.4%) and 294 male patients (53.7%) in NSG and SG, respectively (p = 0.001). The median age of NSG was 64.5 years (min-max: 37-93) and the median age of SG was 56.0 years (min-max: 22-92) (p < 0.001). Median serum magnesium levels of NSG and SG were 1.94 mg/dL (min-max: 1.04-2.87) and 2.03 mg/dL (min-max: 1.18-2.88), respectively (p = 0.027). Median cTnI levels of NSG and SG were 25.20 pg/mL (min-max: 2.10-2240.80) and 4.50 pg/mL (min-max: 0.50-984.3), respectively (p < 0.001). The cTnI levels were lower in those patients whose serum Mg levels were higher than 1.94. Although serum magnesium level was not a predictor for in-hospital mortality, there was a significant negative correlation between magnesemia and myocardial damage.

Magnesium (Mg) supplementation was shown to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters in hypomagnesemic patients. The current study evaluated the role of Mg in normomagnesemic individuals with MetS. Patients were randomly assigned to 400 mg Mg as Mg citrate or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, plasma concentrations of glucose, Mg and Ca, blood-ionized Mg, serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamin D, creatinine, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Data were obtained from n = 13 in the Mg supplemented and n = 11 in the placebo group. Mg supplementation led to a significant increase in plasma Mg concentration (0.78 ± 0.07 mmol/L to 0.83 ± 0.07 mmol/L) and a decrease in systolic and diastolic BP (baseline: 145 ± 10/85 ± 3 mmHg; 12 weeks: 121 ± 5/79 ± 3 mmHg). HbA1c decreased significantly in the Mg group (6.43 ± 0.64% to 6.15 ± 0.55%), and the difference in change between placebo and Mg group was significant. Serum vitamin D levels significantly increased only in the Mg group. In normomagnesemic individuals with MetS, oral Mg citrate supplementation reduced HbA1c and BP.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of hypomagnesemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clarify its possible pathogenesis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing 83 patients hospitalized in Guanggu district, Wuhan Third Hospital, China. Clinical histories, laboratory findings and outcome data were collected. Eighteen patients had hypomagnesemia during hospitalization. Fourteen patients were in the critical group and six died. In the critical group, serum magnesium (0.72 ± 0.15 mmol/L) was much lower than that in the moderate and severe groups. At the same time, we also found that several indicators are correlated with the level of magnesium. The level of magnesium was positively associated with the lymphocyte count (r = 0.203, P = 0.004) and platelet count (r = 0.217, P = 0.002) but negatively related to the levels of CRP (r = -0.277, P = 0.000), LDH (r = -0.185, P = 0.011) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (r = -0.198, P = 0.008) in the critical group. Hypomagnesemia might increase symptoms and may be associated with mortality in COVID-19 by affecting enzyme activity and activating the inflammatory response. Thus, magnesium might play a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

The hematopoietic U937 cells are able to differentiate into monocytes, macrophages, or osteoclasts when stimulated, respectively, with vitamin D3 (VD3), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA plus VD3. We have previously demonstrated that magnesium (Mg) strongly potentiates the osteoclastic differentiation of U937 cells. In this study, we investigated whether such an effect may be ascribed to a capacity of Mg to modulate the monocyte differentiation of U937 cells and/or to an ability of Mg and VD3 to act directly and independently on the early phases of the osteoclastic differentiation. To address this issue, we subjected U937 cells to an individual and combined treatment with Mg and VD3 and then we analyzed, by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the expression of a number of genes related to the early phases of the differentiation pathways under consideration. The results obtained indicated that Mg favors the monocyte differentiation of U937 cells induced by VD3 and at the same time, Mg contrasts the inhibitory effect that VD3 exerts on the osteoclastic differentiation in the absence of PMA. The crucial and articulated role played by Mg in diverse pathways of the osteoclastic differentiation of U973 cells is emphasized.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel form of biotin (magnesium biotinate) on serum glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic lipid metabolism-related protein levels in rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups and fed a standard diet-based egg white powdered diet supplemented with either d-biotin at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW or magnesium biotinate at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW for 35 days. Neither form of biotin influenced (p > 0.05) serum glucose or insulin concentrations. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased with biotin from both sources (p < 0.05). Concentrations were lower with magnesium biotinate when comparing the 1 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). Serum, liver, and brain biotin and liver cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations were greater when rats were treated with magnesium biotinate versus d-biotin, particularly when comparing the 1 and 100 mg/kg dose groups (p < 0.05). Both biotin forms decreased the liver SREBP-1c and FAS and increased AMPK-α1, ACC-1, ACC-2, PCC, and MCC levels (p < 0.05). The magnitudes of responses were more emphasized with magnesium biotinate. Magnesium biotinate, compared with a commercial d-biotin, is more effective in reducing serum lipid concentrations and regulating protein levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers.

Magnesium (Mg) is critically involved in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases; nevertheless, Mg disorders are often poorly considered in the clinical practice. To update the prevalence and incidence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in a real-life scenario, which better represents clinical practice, we analyzed data from 12,696 patients whose Mg serum levels were measured from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 at our University Hospital. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were defined by Mg concentrations <1.5 mg/dL (0.6 mmol/L) and >3.8 mg/dL (1.5 mmol/L), in accordance with the reference values for magnesemia of our laboratory (1.5-3.8 mg/dL). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia was 8.43% (n=1071) and 1.78% (n=226), respectively. Hypomagnesemia occurred more frequently in females compared with males [53.3% (n=560) versus 47.7% (n=511), χ²=4.03, p<0.045]; the highest prevalence of hypomagnesemia was found in patients over 65 yr. [59.01% (n=632)], when compared with the other age groups [59.01% (n=632) versus 9.52% (n=102) in patients aged 0-18 yr. and 31.46% (n=337) in patients between 19 and 65 yr., χ²=592.64; p<0.0001)]. Incidence of hypomagnesemia decreased over time in subjects over 65 yr. (r=-0.99; p=0.07). Geriatrics, oncology, and intensive care division showed the highest incidences of hypomagnesemia. Mg disorders and remarkably hypomagnesemia are quite common in the clinical practice, particularly in older hospitalized patients. Thus, they should be routinely checked and corrected.

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Latin American subjects in particular are at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 and mortality. Altered renal function and lower magnesium levels have been reported to play important roles in the pathophysiology of T2D. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between renal function, serum magnesium levels and mortality in T2D patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we characterized 118 T2D and non-diabetic subjects hospitalized with COVID-19. Patients were clinically characterized and electrolyte, renal function and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Patients were grouped according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m²). T2D patients had lower eGFR and serum magnesium levels when compared to non-diabetics (59.7 ± 32.8 vs. 78.4 ± 33.8 mL/min per 1.73 m², P = 0.008 and 1.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 mEq/L, P = 0.012). Survival was worse in T2D patients with eGFR levels less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² as estimated by Kaplan-Meier analyses (log-rank test <0.0001). The Cox model for T2D patients showed that eGFR (HR 0.970, 95% CI 0.949 to 0.991, P = 0.005) and magnesium (HR 8.025, 95% CI 1.226 to 52.512, P = 0.030) were associated with significantly increased risk of death. Reduced eGFR and magnesium levels were associated with increased mortality in our population. These results suggest that early assessment of kidney function, including magnesium levels, may assist in developing effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality among Latin American COVID-19 patients with T2D.