Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic08
M. Perumal, Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan, Nizam Abdullah, Latifah Omar, Johari Zainudin, M. E. Wasli
The Sarawak State Government has assigned the Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC) to lead the development of the bamboo industry in Sarawak. Since bamboo research in Sarawak has received meagre attention, baseline information on the early survival rate and field growth characteristics of bamboo are essential for the development of the bamboo industry. A study to evaluate the survivorship and field growth characteristics of a three-year-old bamboo was conducted at the Sarawak Bamboo Pilot Project site in Sabal, Malaysia. Study plots were established at bamboo plantation areas with four different potential bamboo species grown in Sarawak, namely Bambusa vulgaris (Buluh minyak), Gigantochloa levis (Buluh beting), Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Buluh beti), and Dendrocalamus asper (Buluh betong). Survival rate and field growth characteristics in terms of the number of culms per clump, the number of new shoots, culm diameter, culm height, mean annual increments of diameter (MAID), and height (MAIH) were measured and quantified quarterly in the year of 2021. The findings revealed that the highest mean survival rate (88%) was found in G. levis, and the lowest survival rate (70%) was found in G. hasskarliana. However, the lowest mean culm diameter was observed in G. levis at 2.66 cm, and the highest was in B. vulgaris at 4.51 cm. Notwithstanding, B. vulgaris remained with the greatest mean culm height of 12.61 m. Nonetheless, G. hasskarliana depicted the highest number of culms per clump and shoots with 91 culms and 3 shoots, respectively. The MAID and MAIH of B. vulgaris were significantly higher than the other species with 1.69 cm year-1 and 4.72 m year-1, respectively. The scientific information and findings from this study would be useful as guidelines for bamboo industry players, managers, nursery practitioners, and policymakers to begin and carry out the development of the bamboo industry, mainly in Sarawak.
{"title":"Survivorship and Field Growth Characteristics of Four Selected Bamboo Species for The Development of Bamboo Industry in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo","authors":"M. Perumal, Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan, Nizam Abdullah, Latifah Omar, Johari Zainudin, M. E. Wasli","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic08","url":null,"abstract":"The Sarawak State Government has assigned the Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC) to lead the development of the bamboo industry in Sarawak. Since bamboo research in Sarawak has received meagre attention, baseline information on the early survival rate and field growth characteristics of bamboo are essential for the development of the bamboo industry. A study to evaluate the survivorship and field growth characteristics of a three-year-old bamboo was conducted at the Sarawak Bamboo Pilot Project site in Sabal, Malaysia. Study plots were established at bamboo plantation areas with four different potential bamboo species grown in Sarawak, namely Bambusa vulgaris (Buluh minyak), Gigantochloa levis (Buluh beting), Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Buluh beti), and Dendrocalamus asper (Buluh betong). Survival rate and field growth characteristics in terms of the number of culms per clump, the number of new shoots, culm diameter, culm height, mean annual increments of diameter (MAID), and height (MAIH) were measured and quantified quarterly in the year of 2021. The findings revealed that the highest mean survival rate (88%) was found in G. levis, and the lowest survival rate (70%) was found in G. hasskarliana. However, the lowest mean culm diameter was observed in G. levis at 2.66 cm, and the highest was in B. vulgaris at 4.51 cm. Notwithstanding, B. vulgaris remained with the greatest mean culm height of 12.61 m. Nonetheless, G. hasskarliana depicted the highest number of culms per clump and shoots with 91 culms and 3 shoots, respectively. The MAID and MAIH of B. vulgaris were significantly higher than the other species with 1.69 cm year-1 and 4.72 m year-1, respectively. The scientific information and findings from this study would be useful as guidelines for bamboo industry players, managers, nursery practitioners, and policymakers to begin and carry out the development of the bamboo industry, mainly in Sarawak.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic13
P. Hoe, Jie Hung King, K. Ong, Choon Fah Bong, N. Mahadi
Termites are efficient lignocellulose decomposers that thrive on woody materials and contribute to carbon mineralization in both tropical and subtropical regions. Due to hydrolytic stability and crosslinking between the polysaccharides (cellulose & hemicellulose) and the lignin via ester and ether linkages, termites would require a large variety of enzymes to degrade lignocellulose. Coptotermes curvignathus, an endemic species of termite from Southeast Asia, has been classified as an urban pest in the region and is known as the largest and most aggressive among the oriental Coptotermes spp. Its Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) are the main interest of this study. RNA of C. curvignathus was extracted and sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform, and de novo assembled with Trinity pipeline. There were 101 CAZymes families in C. curvignathus digestome. CAZymes break down complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates for a large body of biological roles and perform their function, usually with high specificity. Enzymes coding for glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families had the highest transcript abundance, accounting for about 93% of the total CAZymes reads. This was followed by CBM (≈1%), GT family (≈4%), CE family (<1%), AA family (<2%), and PL family (<1%). Due to the carbohydrate diversity exceeding the number of protein folds, CAZymes have evolved from a limited number of progenitors by acquiring novel specificities at substrate and product levels. Such a dizzying array of substrates and enzymes makes C. curvignathus a high-performance lignocellulose degrader.
{"title":"Elucidating The Lignocellulose Digestion Mechanism Coptotermes curvignathus Based on Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Profle Using The Meta-Transcriptomic Approach","authors":"P. Hoe, Jie Hung King, K. Ong, Choon Fah Bong, N. Mahadi","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic13","url":null,"abstract":"Termites are efficient lignocellulose decomposers that thrive on woody materials and contribute to carbon mineralization in both tropical and subtropical regions. Due to hydrolytic stability and crosslinking between the polysaccharides (cellulose & hemicellulose) and the lignin via ester and ether linkages, termites would require a large variety of enzymes to degrade lignocellulose. Coptotermes curvignathus, an endemic species of termite from Southeast Asia, has been classified as an urban pest in the region and is known as the largest and most aggressive among the oriental Coptotermes spp. Its Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) are the main interest of this study. RNA of C. curvignathus was extracted and sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform, and de novo assembled with Trinity pipeline. There were 101 CAZymes families in C. curvignathus digestome. CAZymes break down complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates for a large body of biological roles and perform their function, usually with high specificity. Enzymes coding for glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families had the highest transcript abundance, accounting for about 93% of the total CAZymes reads. This was followed by CBM (≈1%), GT family (≈4%), CE family (<1%), AA family (<2%), and PL family (<1%). Due to the carbohydrate diversity exceeding the number of protein folds, CAZymes have evolved from a limited number of progenitors by acquiring novel specificities at substrate and product levels. Such a dizzying array of substrates and enzymes makes C. curvignathus a high-performance lignocellulose degrader.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas10
C. Komilus, Nurul Ashikin Mohamad-Zuki, Nur Hamna Aminudin, Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, Nurul Aina Nadhirah Mohd-Khairulnizam
Betta splendens, Siamese fighting fish exhibit behavior, coloration, and morphology that make them popular aquarium fish in aquaculture. Coloration for this fish requires high-quality feeds rich in carotenoids. Crab shells, mostly dumped as agro-waste by the seafood industry contain carotenoids and protein that can be an alternative for carotenoids in fish feed. The objectives of this study were to analyze the proximate composition and carotenoid content in feed and determine the effect of crab shells as feedstuff on the growth performance and coloration of Betta splendens. A 40-day feeding trial using 45 tails of B. splendens with an average body weight, of 0.25 g was conducted by using five feed treatments namely TC (0% crab shell), T1 (25% crab shell), T2 (50% crab shell), T3 (75% crab shell) and T4 (100% crab shell) respectively. Sampling was done weekly. Analysis done were proximate composition and extraction of carotenoid while growth performance parameters such as body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also taken. Skin coloration and water quality data were collected every 10 days. All data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA via SPSS. Results showed protein content for T1 (22.40±0.29) was slightly higher compared to all treatments. Carotenoid content in crab shells was lower compared to krill. Body weight from T1 (25% crab shell) showed a significant increase among all treatments. All treatments show no changes in coloration. In conclusion, T1 (25% crab shell waste) is the best treatment as it has a high protein content that improves body weight gain without any significant effect on coloration in all treatments.
{"title":"Effects of Crab Shell Waste as Feed on Growth Performance and Colouration of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)","authors":"C. Komilus, Nurul Ashikin Mohamad-Zuki, Nur Hamna Aminudin, Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, Nurul Aina Nadhirah Mohd-Khairulnizam","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas10","url":null,"abstract":"Betta splendens, Siamese fighting fish exhibit behavior, coloration, and morphology that make them popular aquarium fish in aquaculture. Coloration for this fish requires high-quality feeds rich in carotenoids. Crab shells, mostly dumped as agro-waste by the seafood industry contain carotenoids and protein that can be an alternative for carotenoids in fish feed. The objectives of this study were to analyze the proximate composition and carotenoid content in feed and determine the effect of crab shells as feedstuff on the growth performance and coloration of Betta splendens. A 40-day feeding trial using 45 tails of B. splendens with an average body weight, of 0.25 g was conducted by using five feed treatments namely TC (0% crab shell), T1 (25% crab shell), T2 (50% crab shell), T3 (75% crab shell) and T4 (100% crab shell) respectively. Sampling was done weekly. Analysis done were proximate composition and extraction of carotenoid while growth performance parameters such as body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also taken. Skin coloration and water quality data were collected every 10 days. All data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA via SPSS. Results showed protein content for T1 (22.40±0.29) was slightly higher compared to all treatments. Carotenoid content in crab shells was lower compared to krill. Body weight from T1 (25% crab shell) showed a significant increase among all treatments. All treatments show no changes in coloration. In conclusion, T1 (25% crab shell waste) is the best treatment as it has a high protein content that improves body weight gain without any significant effect on coloration in all treatments.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"58 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic05
Patricia Rachel Roney, Lee San Lai, N. N. Hamsein, Rahimah Sallehudin
NA
NA
{"title":"Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica) Growth Performance in Lowland Using Fertigation Under Protected Rain Shelter: The Influence of Spacings and Accessions","authors":"Patricia Rachel Roney, Lee San Lai, N. N. Hamsein, Rahimah Sallehudin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic05","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>NA</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"42 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas06
Md Noh Abidah, Wan N Wan Mohamed, Nur Atikah Ibrahim, Saminathan Mookiah, M. A. Fuat
Prawns have the metabolic ability to convert dietary carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, into astaxanthin, which increases the colour intensity and boosts immunity, thereby improving prawn growth performance. Currently, prawn feed manufacturers are using expensive synthetic astaxanthin as a feed supplement, which leads to higher feed costs. Oil palm carotene can be used in prawn feed production to replace the commercial synthetic astaxanthin in the market. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary oil palm carotene on the colour intensity, total carotenoids, and astaxanthin content of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Five different treatments that are isonitrogenous and isocaloric were used in this study, including T1 (commercial feed); T2 (control, without oil palm carotene); T3 (3% crude palm oil (CPO) inclusion); T4 (3% palm pressed fibre oil (PPFO) inclusion); and T5 (3% commercial oil palm-mixed carotene inclusion). Prawns were fed to satiation five times daily during the 10-week feeding trial. At the end of the feeding trial, prawn samples were collected for colour intensity, total carotenoids, and astaxanthin content analysis. The T4 and T5 prawn samples showed better colour intensity in terms of lightness in cooked samples as well as yellowness and redness for both raw and cooked samples. Prawns fed with diets consisting of oil palm carotenes (T3, T4 & T5) contained higher total carotenoids content (more than 40 ppm) and astaxanthin content (ranging from 14.65 to 16.96 ppm) than the commercial (T1) and control (T2) groups. These results indicate that supplementation of oil palm carotenes in the giant freshwater prawn can potentially replace expensive commercial synthetic astaxanthin that is practically used by aquaculture feed producers.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Oil Palm Carotenes on Colour Intensity and Astaxanthin Content in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)","authors":"Md Noh Abidah, Wan N Wan Mohamed, Nur Atikah Ibrahim, Saminathan Mookiah, M. A. Fuat","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas06","url":null,"abstract":"Prawns have the metabolic ability to convert dietary carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, into astaxanthin, which increases the colour intensity and boosts immunity, thereby improving prawn growth performance. Currently, prawn feed manufacturers are using expensive synthetic astaxanthin as a feed supplement, which leads to higher feed costs. Oil palm carotene can be used in prawn feed production to replace the commercial synthetic astaxanthin in the market. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary oil palm carotene on the colour intensity, total carotenoids, and astaxanthin content of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Five different treatments that are isonitrogenous and isocaloric were used in this study, including T1 (commercial feed); T2 (control, without oil palm carotene); T3 (3% crude palm oil (CPO) inclusion); T4 (3% palm pressed fibre oil (PPFO) inclusion); and T5 (3% commercial oil palm-mixed carotene inclusion). Prawns were fed to satiation five times daily during the 10-week feeding trial. At the end of the feeding trial, prawn samples were collected for colour intensity, total carotenoids, and astaxanthin content analysis. The T4 and T5 prawn samples showed better colour intensity in terms of lightness in cooked samples as well as yellowness and redness for both raw and cooked samples. Prawns fed with diets consisting of oil palm carotenes (T3, T4 & T5) contained higher total carotenoids content (more than 40 ppm) and astaxanthin content (ranging from 14.65 to 16.96 ppm) than the commercial (T1) and control (T2) groups. These results indicate that supplementation of oil palm carotenes in the giant freshwater prawn can potentially replace expensive commercial synthetic astaxanthin that is practically used by aquaculture feed producers.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas13
Wan Zabidii Wan Morni, L. Y. Abit, Siti Nur Sahwati Rusdi, Nicole Lee Siao Yen
The physical damage inflicted on captured fish in recreational fishing activities tends to be influenced by hook type. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the suitability of hook type for catching fish as well as the evaluation of injuries and survival rates after catch-and-release. The sampling was conducted at a recreational fish pond situated at Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus from July until November 2022. Three sets of fishing rods with two types of hooks (circle hook & octopus hook) were used in this study. The catch efficiency, injury level, and survival rates of both types of hooks were assessed. A total of 41 and 22 fish were successfully caught using circle hooks and octopus hooks, respectively. Of the total fish caught, 39 out of 41 and nine out of 22 of the fishes caught were tilapia. The hooking location (non-critical area) of octopus hooks and circle hooks on the tilapia was approximately 100% and 81.8%, respectively. A total of 15.38% of hooks are located within the critical area (gills) of tilapia when using the circle hook and none for octopus hooks. There was 100% mortality in fish hooked in the critical area, for instance, hooks pinned inside gills. This occurrence may relate to the shape of the circle hook whereby the length of the gape is shorter in comparison to the octopus hook. Now when fish ingested the bait, the hook easily entered deeper areas of the fish’s mouth, which led to severe damage. Thus the present study recommends the use of octopus hooks in recreational fishing to reduce fish mortality rate for catch and release excursions. The results obtained from this study will be useful baseline input for recreational anglers to improve C&R practices in Malaysia.
{"title":"Hook Types Influence The Catch Effectiveness, Injuries, and Survival Rates of Fishes in Recreational Fishing","authors":"Wan Zabidii Wan Morni, L. Y. Abit, Siti Nur Sahwati Rusdi, Nicole Lee Siao Yen","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas13","url":null,"abstract":"The physical damage inflicted on captured fish in recreational fishing activities tends to be influenced by hook type. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the suitability of hook type for catching fish as well as the evaluation of injuries and survival rates after catch-and-release. The sampling was conducted at a recreational fish pond situated at Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus from July until November 2022. Three sets of fishing rods with two types of hooks (circle hook & octopus hook) were used in this study. The catch efficiency, injury level, and survival rates of both types of hooks were assessed. A total of 41 and 22 fish were successfully caught using circle hooks and octopus hooks, respectively. Of the total fish caught, 39 out of 41 and nine out of 22 of the fishes caught were tilapia. The hooking location (non-critical area) of octopus hooks and circle hooks on the tilapia was approximately 100% and 81.8%, respectively. A total of 15.38% of hooks are located within the critical area (gills) of tilapia when using the circle hook and none for octopus hooks. There was 100% mortality in fish hooked in the critical area, for instance, hooks pinned inside gills. This occurrence may relate to the shape of the circle hook whereby the length of the gape is shorter in comparison to the octopus hook. Now when fish ingested the bait, the hook easily entered deeper areas of the fish’s mouth, which led to severe damage. Thus the present study recommends the use of octopus hooks in recreational fishing to reduce fish mortality rate for catch and release excursions. The results obtained from this study will be useful baseline input for recreational anglers to improve C&R practices in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas07
Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, Nurul Aina Nadhirah Mohd Khairulnizam, Nurul Ashikin Mohamad Zuki, Nur Hamna Aminudin, Connie Komilus
NA
NA
{"title":"Replacement of Fish Oil with Engkabang Butter Oil (Shorea macrophylla): Effects on Growth Performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra)","authors":"Aidil Ikhwan Redhwan, Nurul Aina Nadhirah Mohd Khairulnizam, Nurul Ashikin Mohamad Zuki, Nur Hamna Aminudin, Connie Komilus","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas07","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>NA</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic06
S. Mohamad, Jie Hung King, Siti Nurulhidayah Ahmad, Muhamad Azmi Mohammed, Mohamad Rosman Sulaiman, M. M. Mohd Masri
Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating insect of oil palm, Elaeis guineensis in Malaysia. Elaiedobius kamerunicus feeds and breeds on the oil palms' male inflorescences. The weevil presence is vital for the successful pollination of oil palm, thus ensuring satisfactory fruit bunch production. MPOB recently reported that the declining quality of oil palm fruit bunch, mainly due to insufficient pollination, had affected the national average oil extraction rate. In part, this scenario was caused by the declining pollinator population. As such, the factors affecting the pollinators' population need to be investigated. One of the critical criteria in estimating the population of E. kamerunicus in the field is to measure the emergence rate of the new adult E. kamerunicus from the post-anthesis male inflorescence (PAMI). The study to investigate the rate of E. kamerunicus adult emergence and their sex ratio was conducted for four months at nine oil palm estates in Malaysia by using PAMI samples that were brought to the laboratory and observed for two weeks. The results have shown that the number of adult weevils that emerged from PAMI was about 36-47 individuals, and the female-to-male ratio for the emerged progenies was 2.33-4.46: 1. Indiscriminate application of broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin has negatively influenced the weevil emergence rate in the field. Whereas, minimal impact on the emergence rate was observed in areas applied with biopesticide. This study showed that the application of cypermethrin could threaten the future population of the pollinating weevil in the field. As such, the excessive application of such insecticides in the field is discouraged and should be replaced by biopesticides to complement other Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. In addition, further investigation is needed to understand how the gender ratio of the progeny could affect the future population of E. kamerunicus.
Elaeidobius kamerunicus 是马来西亚油棕（Elaeis guineensis）的主要授粉昆虫。Elaiedobius kamerunicus 以油棕雄花序为食并繁殖。象鼻虫的存在对油棕成功授粉至关重要，从而确保果穗产量令人满意。MPOB 最近报告说，主要由于授粉不足，油棕果穗质量下降，影响了全国平均榨油率。造成这种情况的部分原因是授粉者数量减少。因此，需要对影响授粉者数量的因素进行调查。在田间估计 E. kamerunicus 种群数量的关键标准之一是测量花后雄花序（PAMI）中新成 E. kamerunicus 的萌发率。在马来西亚的九个油棕园进行了为期四个月的研究，调查了 E. kamerunicus 成虫的萌发率及其性别比例，使用的是带到实验室并观察两周的 PAMI 样本。结果表明，从 PAMI 中钻出的象鼻虫成虫数量约为 36-47 头，钻出后代的雌雄比例为 2.33-4.46: 1。而在施用生物农药的地区，对出苗率的影响很小。这项研究表明，施用氯氰菊酯可能会威胁到田间授粉象鼻虫的未来种群数量。因此，不鼓励在田间过量施用此类杀虫剂，而应以生物农药取而代之，作为其他虫害综合防治（IPM）策略的补充。此外，还需要进一步调查，以了解后代的性别比例会如何影响 E. kamerunicus 的未来种群数量。
{"title":"The Insect Pest Management Strategies and Their Influence on The Emergence Rate of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) From The Post-Anthesising Male Inflorescence of Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis","authors":"S. Mohamad, Jie Hung King, Siti Nurulhidayah Ahmad, Muhamad Azmi Mohammed, Mohamad Rosman Sulaiman, M. M. Mohd Masri","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic06","url":null,"abstract":"Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating insect of oil palm, Elaeis guineensis in Malaysia. Elaiedobius kamerunicus feeds and breeds on the oil palms' male inflorescences. The weevil presence is vital for the successful pollination of oil palm, thus ensuring satisfactory fruit bunch production. MPOB recently reported that the declining quality of oil palm fruit bunch, mainly due to insufficient pollination, had affected the national average oil extraction rate. In part, this scenario was caused by the declining pollinator population. As such, the factors affecting the pollinators' population need to be investigated. One of the critical criteria in estimating the population of E. kamerunicus in the field is to measure the emergence rate of the new adult E. kamerunicus from the post-anthesis male inflorescence (PAMI). The study to investigate the rate of E. kamerunicus adult emergence and their sex ratio was conducted for four months at nine oil palm estates in Malaysia by using PAMI samples that were brought to the laboratory and observed for two weeks. The results have shown that the number of adult weevils that emerged from PAMI was about 36-47 individuals, and the female-to-male ratio for the emerged progenies was 2.33-4.46: 1. Indiscriminate application of broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin has negatively influenced the weevil emergence rate in the field. Whereas, minimal impact on the emergence rate was observed in areas applied with biopesticide. This study showed that the application of cypermethrin could threaten the future population of the pollinating weevil in the field. As such, the excessive application of such insecticides in the field is discouraged and should be replaced by biopesticides to complement other Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. In addition, further investigation is needed to understand how the gender ratio of the progeny could affect the future population of E. kamerunicus.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.cp2
Muhamad Azmi Mohammed, Ameyra AMAN-ZUKI, Marthiuz Ghany Buang, Abang Abdul Rahim Ossen, Nurul Imani Che-Pa, S. Yaakop
Solanum lasiocarpum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Terung Asam, is an indigenous crop in Sarawak, Borneo. The S. lasiocarpum is a renowned crop and is significant to the local and smallholder farmers for their household income. Study of insects associated with this crop is currently limited and lacking, despite their importance for Sarawak’s agronomy. Hence, this study aimed to determine the associated insect species with S. lasiocarpum throughout the plant growth, namely, vegetative, flowering, and fruiting phases. Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coccinellidae) and mealybug Pseudococcidae were recorded as primary pests, while Anoplolepis gracilipes (Formicidae) and Polyrhachis sp. (Formicidae) as indirect pests for flowering and fruiting phases. Larvae and adults of H. kaszabi were sighted infesting leaves, stems, and roots, while Pseudococcidae congregated and infested the stems of S. lasiocarpum. Other visiting insects for S. lasiocarpum were also listed in this study. This study provides preliminary information regarding the insect pests of S. lasiocarpum for future effective pest management on this crop.
Solanum lasiocarpum（茄科），俗称 Terung Asam，是婆罗洲沙捞越的一种本土作物。S. lasiocarpum 是一种著名的作物，对当地农民和小农的家庭收入意义重大。尽管昆虫对沙捞越的农学十分重要，但目前对与这种作物相关的昆虫的研究却十分有限和缺乏。因此，本研究旨在确定与 S. lasiocarpum 相关的昆虫种类，这些昆虫分布于植物生长的各个阶段，即植株期、开花期和结果期。记录到的主要害虫是褐飞虱 Henosepilachna kaszabi（Coccinellidae）和蚧壳虫 Pseudococcidae，间接害虫是褐飞虱 Anoplolepis gracilipes（Formicidae）和褐飞虱 Polyrhachis sp.（Formicidae）。在 S. lasiocarpum 的叶、茎和根部发现了 H. kaszabi 的幼虫和成虫，而 Pseudococcidae 则聚集在 S. lasiocarpum 的茎部为害。本研究还列出了其他拜访 S. lasiocarpum 的昆虫。这项研究提供了有关 S. lasiocarpum 虫害的初步信息，有助于今后对这种作物进行有效的虫害防治。
{"title":"Insects Compositions at Different Growing Phases of The Sarawak Indigenous Eggplant, Terung Asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal.) with The First Report of A Ladybug Species, Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As Major Foliage Pest","authors":"Muhamad Azmi Mohammed, Ameyra AMAN-ZUKI, Marthiuz Ghany Buang, Abang Abdul Rahim Ossen, Nurul Imani Che-Pa, S. Yaakop","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.cp2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.cp2","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum lasiocarpum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Terung Asam, is an indigenous crop in Sarawak, Borneo. The S. lasiocarpum is a renowned crop and is significant to the local and smallholder farmers for their household income. Study of insects associated with this crop is currently limited and lacking, despite their importance for Sarawak’s agronomy. Hence, this study aimed to determine the associated insect species with S. lasiocarpum throughout the plant growth, namely, vegetative, flowering, and fruiting phases. Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coccinellidae) and mealybug Pseudococcidae were recorded as primary pests, while Anoplolepis gracilipes (Formicidae) and Polyrhachis sp. (Formicidae) as indirect pests for flowering and fruiting phases. Larvae and adults of H. kaszabi were sighted infesting leaves, stems, and roots, while Pseudococcidae congregated and infested the stems of S. lasiocarpum. Other visiting insects for S. lasiocarpum were also listed in this study. This study provides preliminary information regarding the insect pests of S. lasiocarpum for future effective pest management on this crop. ","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.h144
None Nurhidayati, Masyhuri Machfudz, Abu Saad Ansari, Pantipa Na Chiangmai
The applications of organic fertilizers releasing nutrients slowly not only have a direct impact on the growing crop, but also, residual effects on the subsequent crops in the conventional crop cultivation systems. Studies on the residual effects of organic fertilizer in soilless crop cultivation are quite rare. The present study, which is a pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse, describes the dynamics of yield and chlorophyll content of kangkong as direct and residual effects of vermicompost for four consecutive plantings in soilless crop cultivation, further, compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with different levels of vermicompost rates and a control treatment using inorganic fertilizer. The vermicompost was applied only in the first crop, while, inorganic fertilizer was supplemented in each crop. Fresh weight per plant per pot increases ~35 - 54% at the second planting compared with the first planting, thereafter, gradually decreases in subsequent planting. The content of chlorophyll A was found to be relatively constant, while the chlorophyll B content was highest in the first planting and, thereafter, subsequently decreased in further planting. The higher yields were found at 400 - 500 g pot-1 vermicompost fertilizer dose, insignificantly different from the inorganic fertilizers treatment.
{"title":"Dynamics of Yield and Chlorophyll Content of Four Kangkung (Ipomea reptans Poir) Sequences With Soilless Cultivation System Due to Direct and Residual Effects of Vermicompost Application","authors":"None Nurhidayati, Masyhuri Machfudz, Abu Saad Ansari, Pantipa Na Chiangmai","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.h144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.h144","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of organic fertilizers releasing nutrients slowly not only have a direct impact on the growing crop, but also, residual effects on the subsequent crops in the conventional crop cultivation systems. Studies on the residual effects of organic fertilizer in soilless crop cultivation are quite rare. The present study, which is a pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse, describes the dynamics of yield and chlorophyll content of kangkong as direct and residual effects of vermicompost for four consecutive plantings in soilless crop cultivation, further, compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with different levels of vermicompost rates and a control treatment using inorganic fertilizer. The vermicompost was applied only in the first crop, while, inorganic fertilizer was supplemented in each crop. Fresh weight per plant per pot increases ~35 - 54% at the second planting compared with the first planting, thereafter, gradually decreases in subsequent planting. The content of chlorophyll A was found to be relatively constant, while the chlorophyll B content was highest in the first planting and, thereafter, subsequently decreased in further planting. The higher yields were found at 400 - 500 g pot-1 vermicompost fertilizer dose, insignificantly different from the inorganic fertilizers treatment.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"30 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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