Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2666
Louisiana Lulu Lukas, Nurfazila Latif, Mohammad Nasir Hassan, Kamil Latif, L. Y. Abit, S. Mustafa, Mohammad Hakim Mohammad Ali Hanafiah, Paul Bura Thlama, Herinda Pertiwi, Sarah Al-Twain, J. Kamaludeen
Antibiotics are used in the poultry industry as feed additives to improve growth, prevent disease, treat sick animals, stabilize intestinal microflora, and improve growth performance. Due to the risks regarding long-term antibiotic resistance development of pathogenic bacteria in humans, the utilization of synthetic antimicrobials in livestock feed has been banned in most animal production practices. However, antibiotic prohibition in livestock can result in poor performance of the animals in terms of yield of production, quality, and health status. Therefore, it is important to find natural alternatives such as propolis to substitute for antibiotic usage in livestock feed. Propolis is a natural resin produced by honeybees. There are over 300 beneficial compounds found in propolis. It contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and others which contribute to its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Various studies have been carried out to determine the biological and chemical activities of propolis as well as its function as an alternative natural feed additive. Thus, this review focuses on propolis composition, the potential of stingless bee propolis in Borneo, its potential as an antioxidant with antimicrobial properties, and the potential of propolis as a natural feed additive for poultry.
{"title":"A Review of The Potential Applications of Propolis in The Malaysian Poultry Industry","authors":"Louisiana Lulu Lukas, Nurfazila Latif, Mohammad Nasir Hassan, Kamil Latif, L. Y. Abit, S. Mustafa, Mohammad Hakim Mohammad Ali Hanafiah, Paul Bura Thlama, Herinda Pertiwi, Sarah Al-Twain, J. Kamaludeen","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2666","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are used in the poultry industry as feed additives to improve growth, prevent disease, treat sick animals, stabilize intestinal microflora, and improve growth performance. Due to the risks regarding long-term antibiotic resistance development of pathogenic bacteria in humans, the utilization of synthetic antimicrobials in livestock feed has been banned in most animal production practices. However, antibiotic prohibition in livestock can result in poor performance of the animals in terms of yield of production, quality, and health status. Therefore, it is important to find natural alternatives such as propolis to substitute for antibiotic usage in livestock feed. Propolis is a natural resin produced by honeybees. There are over 300 beneficial compounds found in propolis. It contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and others which contribute to its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Various studies have been carried out to determine the biological and chemical activities of propolis as well as its function as an alternative natural feed additive. Thus, this review focuses on propolis composition, the potential of stingless bee propolis in Borneo, its potential as an antioxidant with antimicrobial properties, and the potential of propolis as a natural feed additive for poultry.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2630
Franalyne Lyenang Luing, Hollena Nori
Germination of two rice landraces, namely Bario Sederhana and Biris, was determined from twelve temperatures (12.5 – 40 ºC) in a series of incubation experiments. The cardinal temperatures and thermal time for germination were estimated from a ‘broken-stick’ linear model. Both landraces had a Tb of 10 ºC, Topt between 32 – 33 ºC, and Tmax of 43 ºC. At the sub-optimal temperatures, the thermal time for germination was 62 ºCd for Bario Sederhana and 53 ºCd for Biris. Within the supra-optimal range (Topt to Tmax), both landraces required 27-29 ºCd for seed germination. The maximum final germination for Bario Sederhana was 93% at 30 ºC while Biris had 100% seeds population germinated at 27.5 ºC.
{"title":"Cardinal Temperatures and Thermal Time for Germination of Sarawak Traditional Rice","authors":"Franalyne Lyenang Luing, Hollena Nori","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2630","url":null,"abstract":"Germination of two rice landraces, namely Bario Sederhana and Biris, was determined from twelve temperatures (12.5 – 40 ºC) in a series of incubation experiments. The cardinal temperatures and thermal time for germination were estimated from a ‘broken-stick’ linear model. Both landraces had a Tb of 10 ºC, Topt between 32 – 33 ºC, and Tmax of 43 ºC. At the sub-optimal temperatures, the thermal time for germination was 62 ºCd for Bario Sederhana and 53 ºCd for Biris. Within the supra-optimal range (Topt to Tmax), both landraces required 27-29 ºCd for seed germination. The maximum final germination for Bario Sederhana was 93% at 30 ºC while Biris had 100% seeds population germinated at 27.5 ºC.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2690
Putri Ainaa Afiqah Hossen, Hollena Nori
A series of controlled environment treatments were conducted to quantify reproductive development and yield components of Bario Sederhana rice grown under five photoperiod regimes (8, 9, 10, 11, & 12 h). A ‘broken-stick’ linear regression of heading rate against photoperiod was used to determine the cardinal photoperiods for heading. The reproductive development towards photoperiod showed a delayed pattern in time to heading, anthesis, and maturity under lengthening photoperiod from 10 to 12 h. For example, under 10 h photoperiod the crops required 1680 °Cd (70.8 days) from emergence to heading but took an extended duration of 3147 °Cd (132.6 days) when they were sown at 12 h photoperiod. The prolonged time taken for reproductive development modified by photoperiod resulted in higher yield components. This is because the lengthening time from heading to maturity extended the duration of grain filling. The longest photoperiod of 12 h gave the highest percentage of filled spikelets (65.3%) thus consequently leading to the heaviest grain weight of 1.4 g per panicle. The base, optimum, and maximum photoperiod for heading were estimated to be 7.4 h, 10 h, and 14.8 h, respectively.
{"title":"Reproductive Development and Yield Components of Bario Sederhana Rice in Response to Photoperiod","authors":"Putri Ainaa Afiqah Hossen, Hollena Nori","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2690","url":null,"abstract":"A series of controlled environment treatments were conducted to quantify reproductive development and yield components of Bario Sederhana rice grown under five photoperiod regimes (8, 9, 10, 11, & 12 h). A ‘broken-stick’ linear regression of heading rate against photoperiod was used to determine the cardinal photoperiods for heading. The reproductive development towards photoperiod showed a delayed pattern in time to heading, anthesis, and maturity under lengthening photoperiod from 10 to 12 h. For example, under 10 h photoperiod the crops required 1680 °Cd (70.8 days) from emergence to heading but took an extended duration of 3147 °Cd (132.6 days) when they were sown at 12 h photoperiod. The prolonged time taken for reproductive development modified by photoperiod resulted in higher yield components. This is because the lengthening time from heading to maturity extended the duration of grain filling. The longest photoperiod of 12 h gave the highest percentage of filled spikelets (65.3%) thus consequently leading to the heaviest grain weight of 1.4 g per panicle. The base, optimum, and maximum photoperiod for heading were estimated to be 7.4 h, 10 h, and 14.8 h, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 55","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2776
Abd Lataf Dora-Liyana, N. Mahyudin, M. R. Ismail‐Fitry, Mohd Dzomir Ahmad Zainuri
Salmonella spp. is a significant foodborne pathogen present in raw meat products and in the processing environment. It can be eliminated by thermal processes such as cooking. Time and temperature in the thermal process play an important role in eliminating this pathogen. The objective of this study is to determine the D- and z-values of Salmonella spp. in whole-muscle beef using the isothermal inactivation method in four temperatures at designated time intervals. Whole-muscle beef was inoculated with 7 to 8 log10 CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. The inoculated meat samples were heat treated at 58 °C, 60 °C, 62 °C, and 64 °C. At each temperature, Salmonella spp. survival rate was plotted and the D- and z-values were obtained by linear regression of the survival curve. The D-values for the thermal inactivation of whole-muscle beef are D58 °C=5.41 min, D60 °C=2.03 min, D62 °C=0.46 min, and D64 °C=0.18 min, while the z-value obtained was 3.94 °C. These findings will assist food processors in designing the critical limits on the critical control points of the cooking process that ensure safety against Salmonella spp. in cooked whole-muscle beef.
沙门氏菌是一种重要的食源性病原体，存在于生肉制品和加工环境中。烹饪等热处理过程可以消除这种病原体。热处理过程中的时间和温度对消除这种病原体起着重要作用。本研究的目的是采用等温灭活法，在指定时间间隔内的四种温度下测定整块牛肉中沙门氏菌属的 D 值和 z 值。在整块牛肉中接种 7 至 8 log10 CFU/mL 的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌。接种的肉样分别在 58 ℃、60 ℃、62 ℃ 和 64 ℃ 下进行热处理。在每个温度下，绘制沙门氏菌存活率曲线，并通过存活率曲线的线性回归得出 D 值和 z 值。全牛肉热灭活的 D 值分别为：D58 ℃=5.41 分钟、D60 ℃=2.03 分钟、D62 ℃=0.46 分钟和 D64 ℃=0.18 分钟，z 值为 3.94 ℃。这些发现将有助于食品加工商设计烹饪过程中关键控制点的临界限值，以确保熟制全块牛肉中沙门氏菌属的安全。
{"title":"Thermal inactivation D- and z-values of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in whole-muscle beef","authors":"Abd Lataf Dora-Liyana, N. Mahyudin, M. R. Ismail‐Fitry, Mohd Dzomir Ahmad Zainuri","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2776","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella spp. is a significant foodborne pathogen present in raw meat products and in the processing environment. It can be eliminated by thermal processes such as cooking. Time and temperature in the thermal process play an important role in eliminating this pathogen. The objective of this study is to determine the D- and z-values of Salmonella spp. in whole-muscle beef using the isothermal inactivation method in four temperatures at designated time intervals. Whole-muscle beef was inoculated with 7 to 8 log10 CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. The inoculated meat samples were heat treated at 58 °C, 60 °C, 62 °C, and 64 °C. At each temperature, Salmonella spp. survival rate was plotted and the D- and z-values were obtained by linear regression of the survival curve. The D-values for the thermal inactivation of whole-muscle beef are D58 °C=5.41 min, D60 °C=2.03 min, D62 °C=0.46 min, and D64 °C=0.18 min, while the z-value obtained was 3.94 °C. These findings will assist food processors in designing the critical limits on the critical control points of the cooking process that ensure safety against Salmonella spp. in cooked whole-muscle beef.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2838
Mahanem Mat Noor, Nur Filzah Athirah Mohamad Zin, Nadia Aqilla Shamsusah
Obesiti meningkatkan risiko gangguan proses spermatogenesis yang boleh mengakibatkan penurunan kesuburan lelaki. Hibiscus sabdariffa merupakan tumbuhan yang mampu mengurangkan jumlah lipid dalam darah haiwan. Penggunaan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa sebagai peningkat parameter kesuburan lelaki masih kurang jelas. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggunakan tikus jantan aruhan obesiti sebagai model haiwan bagi mengenal pasti kesan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa dalam memulihkan masalah kesuburan jantan di samping bertindak sebagai agen anti-obesiti. Sebanyak 36 ekor tikus jantan Sprague Dawley dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan utama iaitu kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan yang setiapnya terdiri daripada enam ekor tikus. Kumpulan kawalan terdiri daripada kumpulan normal, negatif (tikus teraruh obesiti tanpa rawatan) dan positif (tikus teraruh obesiti yang diberi 10 mg/kg berat tubuh orlistat). Kumpulan rawatan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa pula dibahagi kepada tiga iaitu Hs100 (100 mg/kg berat tubuh), Hs200 (200 mg/kg berat tubuh) dan Hs300 (300 mg/kg berat tubuh) selama 14 hari tempoh rawatan. Semua tikus kajian kecuali kumpulan normal diaruh obesiti dengan diberi diet tinggi lemak (HFD) sehingga mencapai nilai indeks Lee melebihi 310. Tikus kumpulan rawatan Hs100, Hs200 dan Hs300 yang diberi ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa mengikut dos masing-masing menunjukkan penurunan berat badan yang signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan negatif. Analisis kuantiti sperma dalam kumpulan rawatan Hs100 menunjukkan peningkatan secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan normal dan negatif. Analisis histologi testis juga menunjukkan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa pada kumpulan rawatan membantu memperbaiki struktur tubul seminiferus dengan kepadatan spermatozoa yang tinggi pada lumen serta peningkatan berat testis dan diameter tubul seminiferus berbanding kumpulan kawalan normal dan kawalan negatif. Kesimpulannya, rawatan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa iaitu Hs100 merupakan dos optimum yang mampu meningkatkan parameter kesuburan berbanding kumpulan rawatan normal dan kawalan negatif, serta mempunyai kesan anti-obesiti pada tikus jantan teraruh obesiti.
{"title":"Keberkesanan Ekstrak Akua Kaliks Hibiscus sabdariffa Sebagai Agen Anti-Obesiti dan Peningkat parameter Kesuburan Tikus Jantan Aruhan Obesiti","authors":"Mahanem Mat Noor, Nur Filzah Athirah Mohamad Zin, Nadia Aqilla Shamsusah","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2838","url":null,"abstract":"Obesiti meningkatkan risiko gangguan proses spermatogenesis yang boleh mengakibatkan penurunan kesuburan lelaki. Hibiscus sabdariffa merupakan tumbuhan yang mampu mengurangkan jumlah lipid dalam darah haiwan. Penggunaan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa sebagai peningkat parameter kesuburan lelaki masih kurang jelas. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggunakan tikus jantan aruhan obesiti sebagai model haiwan bagi mengenal pasti kesan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa dalam memulihkan masalah kesuburan jantan di samping bertindak sebagai agen anti-obesiti. Sebanyak 36 ekor tikus jantan Sprague Dawley dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan utama iaitu kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan yang setiapnya terdiri daripada enam ekor tikus. Kumpulan kawalan terdiri daripada kumpulan normal, negatif (tikus teraruh obesiti tanpa rawatan) dan positif (tikus teraruh obesiti yang diberi 10 mg/kg berat tubuh orlistat). Kumpulan rawatan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa pula dibahagi kepada tiga iaitu Hs100 (100 mg/kg berat tubuh), Hs200 (200 mg/kg berat tubuh) dan Hs300 (300 mg/kg berat tubuh) selama 14 hari tempoh rawatan. Semua tikus kajian kecuali kumpulan normal diaruh obesiti dengan diberi diet tinggi lemak (HFD) sehingga mencapai nilai indeks Lee melebihi 310. Tikus kumpulan rawatan Hs100, Hs200 dan Hs300 yang diberi ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa mengikut dos masing-masing menunjukkan penurunan berat badan yang signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan negatif. Analisis kuantiti sperma dalam kumpulan rawatan Hs100 menunjukkan peningkatan secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan normal dan negatif. Analisis histologi testis juga menunjukkan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa pada kumpulan rawatan membantu memperbaiki struktur tubul seminiferus dengan kepadatan spermatozoa yang tinggi pada lumen serta peningkatan berat testis dan diameter tubul seminiferus berbanding kumpulan kawalan normal dan kawalan negatif. Kesimpulannya, rawatan ekstrak akua kaliks H. sabdariffa iaitu Hs100 merupakan dos optimum yang mampu meningkatkan parameter kesuburan berbanding kumpulan rawatan normal dan kawalan negatif, serta mempunyai kesan anti-obesiti pada tikus jantan teraruh obesiti.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2696
Siti Syafinaz Kamaruzzaman, Che Ku Afina Haida Che Ku Mazuan, Shamima Abdul Rahman, Imtiaz Khalid Mohamed, Z. Eshak, Mahani Mahadi
Neptunia oleracea also known as water mimosa is widely consumed by people worldwide including Malaysia. This plant was claimed able to treat several diseases such as epileptic convulsion, syphilis, jaundice, and bloody diarrhea. Moreover, it has been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-ulcer properties that benefit human health. Hence, this study investigates the content of macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant properties in the aqueous leaf extract of this plant. The study found that N. oleracea leaves were possessed with high fiber (52%), moisture (23.33%), fat (5.33%), protein (5.25%), carbohydrate (6.42%), ash (7.67%), and mineral content with a sequence of Potassium > Calcium > Sodium > Phosphorus. A positive result of tannins, steroids, phenols, and flavonoids were detected. High values of TPC and TFC which were 136.19 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g and 829.17 ± 19.09 mg GAE/g of dry weight respectively were obtained. Meanwhile, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the plant extract produced an IC50 of 70.09 µg/mL. The presence of a high content of polyphenolic compounds may reflect the antioxidant properties of this plant. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of N. oleracea leaves showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents and has a high content of TPC and TFC which may be derived from its nutritional content. Hence, consumption of N. oleracea leaves is useful for human health and disease prevention.
{"title":"Proximate Nutritional Analysis, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Extract of Neptunia oleracea Leaves","authors":"Siti Syafinaz Kamaruzzaman, Che Ku Afina Haida Che Ku Mazuan, Shamima Abdul Rahman, Imtiaz Khalid Mohamed, Z. Eshak, Mahani Mahadi","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2696","url":null,"abstract":"Neptunia oleracea also known as water mimosa is widely consumed by people worldwide including Malaysia. This plant was claimed able to treat several diseases such as epileptic convulsion, syphilis, jaundice, and bloody diarrhea. Moreover, it has been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-ulcer properties that benefit human health. Hence, this study investigates the content of macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant properties in the aqueous leaf extract of this plant. The study found that N. oleracea leaves were possessed with high fiber (52%), moisture (23.33%), fat (5.33%), protein (5.25%), carbohydrate (6.42%), ash (7.67%), and mineral content with a sequence of Potassium > Calcium > Sodium > Phosphorus. A positive result of tannins, steroids, phenols, and flavonoids were detected. High values of TPC and TFC which were 136.19 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g and 829.17 ± 19.09 mg GAE/g of dry weight respectively were obtained. Meanwhile, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the plant extract produced an IC50 of 70.09 µg/mL. The presence of a high content of polyphenolic compounds may reflect the antioxidant properties of this plant. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of N. oleracea leaves showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents and has a high content of TPC and TFC which may be derived from its nutritional content. Hence, consumption of N. oleracea leaves is useful for human health and disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2416
Jordan Ferdin Halili, Jose Miguel Daya, John Vincent Navalan, Lerrie Anne Ipulan-Colet
Glutathione is the body’s most abundant endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidant and is used as a substrate for free radical scavenging in the body, especially during ethanol metabolism. This study aims to shift the paradigm of using glutathione as a whitening agent into a potent antioxidant for therapy, particularly for ethanol-induced teratogenesis in the Philippines. Zebrafish embryos were treated with glutathione at various time points of ethanol exposure and concentration. Pre-treatments, co-treatments, and post-treatments with 100 μM glutathione solution were done to assess the most appropriate time point for glutathione intake upon exposure of the embryo to ethanol. Eye diameter and otic vesicle diameter were chosen as morphological parameters because dysmorphogenesis of these organs resembles mammalian fetal alcohol syndrome disorders. For eye diameter, alleviation of microphthalmia by glutathione was seen in pre-treatment (1% ethanol only) and post-treatment (1% & 1.5%) while co-treatment did not exhibit rescue for eye diameter reduction. For otic vesicle diameter, pre- and co-treatment with glutathione did not exhibit any changes in size but post-treatment showed abnormal enlargement suggesting possible teratogenic effect across all ethanol concentrations. The 2,2-diphenylpicryl-1-hydrazine (DPPH) assay was used as a confirmatory test for the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of treated tissues. Pre-treatment with GSH at 1% ethanol showed the highest FRSA while post-treatment showed FRSA insignificantly different to controls. This study suggests that glutathione can alleviate oxidative stress in embryo development which may lead to dysmorphogenesis and that supplementation before and after ethanol exposure may be a viable form of therapy for ethanol-induced teratogenesis.
{"title":"Anti-Teratogenic Potential of Exogenously Applied Over-The-Counter L-Glutathione Supplement on Ethanol-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Jordan Ferdin Halili, Jose Miguel Daya, John Vincent Navalan, Lerrie Anne Ipulan-Colet","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2416","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione is the body’s most abundant endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidant and is used as a substrate for free radical scavenging in the body, especially during ethanol metabolism. This study aims to shift the paradigm of using glutathione as a whitening agent into a potent antioxidant for therapy, particularly for ethanol-induced teratogenesis in the Philippines. Zebrafish embryos were treated with glutathione at various time points of ethanol exposure and concentration. Pre-treatments, co-treatments, and post-treatments with 100 μM glutathione solution were done to assess the most appropriate time point for glutathione intake upon exposure of the embryo to ethanol. Eye diameter and otic vesicle diameter were chosen as morphological parameters because dysmorphogenesis of these organs resembles mammalian fetal alcohol syndrome disorders. For eye diameter, alleviation of microphthalmia by glutathione was seen in pre-treatment (1% ethanol only) and post-treatment (1% & 1.5%) while co-treatment did not exhibit rescue for eye diameter reduction. For otic vesicle diameter, pre- and co-treatment with glutathione did not exhibit any changes in size but post-treatment showed abnormal enlargement suggesting possible teratogenic effect across all ethanol concentrations. The 2,2-diphenylpicryl-1-hydrazine (DPPH) assay was used as a confirmatory test for the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of treated tissues. Pre-treatment with GSH at 1% ethanol showed the highest FRSA while post-treatment showed FRSA insignificantly different to controls. This study suggests that glutathione can alleviate oxidative stress in embryo development which may lead to dysmorphogenesis and that supplementation before and after ethanol exposure may be a viable form of therapy for ethanol-induced teratogenesis.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lack of mature male broodfish, insufficient sperm, and non-synchronized maturation times have always been a hindrance to the breeding program of Japanese koi (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) raised indoors. Therefore, it is believed that the preservation of Japanese koi sperm by short-term storage and cryopreservation could solve this problem. In this study, the appropriate diluent solution, sperm-to-diluent ratio, and storage temperature for short-term storage of Japanese koi sperm were determined, and the efficacy of the short-term stored sperm in fertilizing eggs was evaluated. Milt samples collected from sexually mature males were pooled and tested in modified calcium-free Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (CF-HBSS), modified Mahseer extender, and modified Kurokura extender at 1:1 and 1:5 ratios of sperm to diluent, respectively. Storage temperatures were tested at 4 °C and room temperature. Milt sample without diluent solution served as a control. The percentage of sperm motility was measured daily for one week. For the egg fertilization experiment, Japanese koi eggs were fertilized with sperm on the second day of short-term storage, while a freshly collected sperm sample served as a control. We found that sperm diluted 1:1 with a modified Kurokura extender and stored at 4 °C had a mean sperm motility of 76.00 ± 3.06% on the third day, compared with 54.67 ± 2.91% in the control treatment (P<0.05). Short-term stored spermatozoa showed equivalent egg fertilization ability compared to fresh spermatozoa (control) (P>0.05). In conclusion, the use of a modified Kurokura extender at a 1:1 ratio of sperm to diluent and storage at 4 °C was optimal for short-term storage of Japanese koi sperm, and these sperm still showed equivalent egg fertilization ability to freshly collected sperm after two days of storage. In addition, the current study also determined the appropriate extender solution for cryopreservation of Japanese koi sperm.
{"title":"Short-Term Storage of Japanese Koi (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) Sperm on the Egg Fertilization Performance","authors":"Poh Chiang Chew, Amirah Fatihah Md Nordin, Siti Norita Mohamad","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.fisas09","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of mature male broodfish, insufficient sperm, and non-synchronized maturation times have always been a hindrance to the breeding program of Japanese koi (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) raised indoors. Therefore, it is believed that the preservation of Japanese koi sperm by short-term storage and cryopreservation could solve this problem. In this study, the appropriate diluent solution, sperm-to-diluent ratio, and storage temperature for short-term storage of Japanese koi sperm were determined, and the efficacy of the short-term stored sperm in fertilizing eggs was evaluated. Milt samples collected from sexually mature males were pooled and tested in modified calcium-free Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (CF-HBSS), modified Mahseer extender, and modified Kurokura extender at 1:1 and 1:5 ratios of sperm to diluent, respectively. Storage temperatures were tested at 4 °C and room temperature. Milt sample without diluent solution served as a control. The percentage of sperm motility was measured daily for one week. For the egg fertilization experiment, Japanese koi eggs were fertilized with sperm on the second day of short-term storage, while a freshly collected sperm sample served as a control. We found that sperm diluted 1:1 with a modified Kurokura extender and stored at 4 °C had a mean sperm motility of 76.00 ± 3.06% on the third day, compared with 54.67 ± 2.91% in the control treatment (P<0.05). Short-term stored spermatozoa showed equivalent egg fertilization ability compared to fresh spermatozoa (control) (P>0.05). In conclusion, the use of a modified Kurokura extender at a 1:1 ratio of sperm to diluent and storage at 4 °C was optimal for short-term storage of Japanese koi sperm, and these sperm still showed equivalent egg fertilization ability to freshly collected sperm after two days of storage. In addition, the current study also determined the appropriate extender solution for cryopreservation of Japanese koi sperm.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic15
Halifah Afizah Ismail, S. D. Ramaiya, M. Zakaria
Artocarpus odoratissimus, locally known as terap, is native to Borneo and holds great potential for providing nutrition and income to rural communities. The fruit's flesh is consumed raw, while the seeds are typically steamed and used in local dishes. The by-products, such as the pedicel and peel, often go to waste. This indigenous species has yet to be fully explored for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the nutritional compositions and phytochemical properties of A. odoratissimus fruit. The nutritional and phytochemical properties of A. odoratissimus vary across its parts. The edible flesh and seeds exhibited higher carbohydrate content at 12.16±1.01% and 9.96±0.76%, respectively. Seeds possessed significantly higher crude protein (21.89±0.54%) and fat (18.23±0.20%). In contrast, the non-edible parts of the peel (5.57±0.11%) and pedicel (5.79±0.41%) exhibit considerably greater ash content than their edible counterparts in the flesh (3.87±0.42%) and seeds (0.62±0.29%). Potassium (905.61±18.89 to 2001.51±13.00 mg 100 g-1) was the most abundant in A. odoratissimus fruits, followed by calcium (578.30±7.00 to 1300.97±23.51 mg 100 g-1). The flesh is primarily composed of non-reducing sugars, including fructose (26.70±0.70 g 100 g-1) and glucose (25.38±0.45 g 100 g-1), with a notable amount of vitamin B1 (11.07±0.31 mg 100 g-1). The seed oil contains essential fatty acids, with a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (57.10%), mainly nervonic acid (45.32%). The pedicel, often considered a by-product, exhibits relatively high levels of phytochemical properties in comparison to the edible portions. The current findings support the ethnobotanical uses of A. odoratissimus by local communities, underscoring its growing importance in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Artocarpus odoratissimus，当地人称为 terap，原产于婆罗洲，具有为农村社区提供营养和收入的巨大潜力。这种水果的果肉可以生吃，种子通常蒸熟后用于当地菜肴。果梗和果皮等副产品往往被浪费掉。这种本地物种的营养和植物化学特性还有待充分发掘。因此，本研究旨在评估 A. odoratissimus 果实的营养成分和植物化学特性。A. odoratissimus 不同部位的营养和植物化学特性各不相同。果肉和种子的碳水化合物含量较高，分别为 12.16±1.01% 和 9.96±0.76%。种子的粗蛋白（21.89±0.54%）和脂肪（18.23±0.20%）含量明显更高。相比之下，果皮（5.57±0.11%）和花梗（5.79±0.41%）等非食用部分的灰分含量大大高于果肉（3.87±0.42%）和种子（0.62±0.29%）等食用部分。在 A. odoratissimus 果实中，钾（905.61±18.89 至 2001.51±13.00 毫克/100 克-1）含量最高，其次是钙（578.30±7.00 至 1300.97±23.51 毫克/100 克-1）。果肉主要由非还原糖组成，包括果糖（26.70±0.70 g 100 g-1）和葡萄糖（25.38±0.45 g 100 g-1），维生素 B1 的含量也很显著（11.07±0.31 mg 100 g-1）。种子油含有人体必需的脂肪酸，其中不饱和脂肪酸（57.10%）占很大比例，主要是神经酸（45.32%）。通常被认为是副产品的花梗，与可食用部分相比，具有相对较高的植物化学特性。目前的研究结果支持了当地社区对 A. odoratissimus 的民族植物学用途，强调了其在营养保健品和制药业中日益增长的重要性。
{"title":"Compositional Characteristics and Nutritional Quality of Indigenous Fruit of Nutritional Quality of Indigenous Fruit Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco","authors":"Halifah Afizah Ismail, S. D. Ramaiya, M. Zakaria","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic15","url":null,"abstract":"Artocarpus odoratissimus, locally known as terap, is native to Borneo and holds great potential for providing nutrition and income to rural communities. The fruit's flesh is consumed raw, while the seeds are typically steamed and used in local dishes. The by-products, such as the pedicel and peel, often go to waste. This indigenous species has yet to be fully explored for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the nutritional compositions and phytochemical properties of A. odoratissimus fruit. The nutritional and phytochemical properties of A. odoratissimus vary across its parts. The edible flesh and seeds exhibited higher carbohydrate content at 12.16±1.01% and 9.96±0.76%, respectively. Seeds possessed significantly higher crude protein (21.89±0.54%) and fat (18.23±0.20%). In contrast, the non-edible parts of the peel (5.57±0.11%) and pedicel (5.79±0.41%) exhibit considerably greater ash content than their edible counterparts in the flesh (3.87±0.42%) and seeds (0.62±0.29%). Potassium (905.61±18.89 to 2001.51±13.00 mg 100 g-1) was the most abundant in A. odoratissimus fruits, followed by calcium (578.30±7.00 to 1300.97±23.51 mg 100 g-1). The flesh is primarily composed of non-reducing sugars, including fructose (26.70±0.70 g 100 g-1) and glucose (25.38±0.45 g 100 g-1), with a notable amount of vitamin B1 (11.07±0.31 mg 100 g-1). The seed oil contains essential fatty acids, with a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (57.10%), mainly nervonic acid (45.32%). The pedicel, often considered a by-product, exhibits relatively high levels of phytochemical properties in comparison to the edible portions. The current findings support the ethnobotanical uses of A. odoratissimus by local communities, underscoring its growing importance in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"126 S9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic12
Muhammad Iqbal Nul Hakim Mohd Sazali, F. A. Zakry, Franklin Ragai Kundat
Trichoderma longibrachiatum rarely reported can cause disease in plants. The present study investigates the pathogenicity of T. longibrachiatum isolate UPMT14 on the red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants grown in sterile soil under a controlled growth room environment. The fungal isolate was initially characterized morphologically as Trichoderma sp. and was then further characterized by (ITS) region sequencing and BLAST comparison identified as T. longibrachiatum. To observe the response of Trichoderma isolate UPMT14 when imposed on lettuce plants. The injection was made and repeated five times, and then the lettuce growth followed for 36 days. On day 36, the present study found that the red leaf lettuce plants expressed foliar symptoms that began as chlorotic, reduced plant height, reduced leaf length and diameter, wilt, and dried up before it collapsed at day 45 compared to untreated control lettuce plants. Microscopic observation on lettuce roots showed that the Trichoderma spores invading the root system by mass sporulation and spatial competition possibly impaired plant water uptake and eventually caused plant wilting. Therefore, this study indicates that T. longibrachiatum is among the causal agents of wilt disease in the lettuce plant.
{"title":"Plants Wilt Disease of Red Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) After Colonized by Trichoderma longibrachiatum","authors":"Muhammad Iqbal Nul Hakim Mohd Sazali, F. A. Zakry, Franklin Ragai Kundat","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic12","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma longibrachiatum rarely reported can cause disease in plants. The present study investigates the pathogenicity of T. longibrachiatum isolate UPMT14 on the red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants grown in sterile soil under a controlled growth room environment. The fungal isolate was initially characterized morphologically as Trichoderma sp. and was then further characterized by (ITS) region sequencing and BLAST comparison identified as T. longibrachiatum. To observe the response of Trichoderma isolate UPMT14 when imposed on lettuce plants. The injection was made and repeated five times, and then the lettuce growth followed for 36 days. On day 36, the present study found that the red leaf lettuce plants expressed foliar symptoms that began as chlorotic, reduced plant height, reduced leaf length and diameter, wilt, and dried up before it collapsed at day 45 compared to untreated control lettuce plants. Microscopic observation on lettuce roots showed that the Trichoderma spores invading the root system by mass sporulation and spatial competition possibly impaired plant water uptake and eventually caused plant wilting. Therefore, this study indicates that T. longibrachiatum is among the causal agents of wilt disease in the lettuce plant.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"90 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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