Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m024
Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Najat Nabilah Noor Ezzuddin, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Alyaa Nurathirah Abd Halim
Flavonoids are one of the compounds in phenolic compounds in fruits. Flavonoids have been documented to modulate or modify lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Flavonoids also influence anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumour, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal effects. In this research, flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruits was determined, as well as its proximate compositions. To extract flavonoids in the fruit, P. macrocarpa fruits were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method using aqueous as a solvent. Total flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruit extract was 89.89 ± 3.71 mg QE/100 mL. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the fruit’s moisture content, ash content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, and crude essential oil. Results obtained for proximate composition were 9.45 ± 2.67% (crude protein), 21.633 ± 1.17 (fibre), and 5.605 ± 0.88 (essential oil). Moisture content in this fruit was 88.401 ± 0.749%, the dry matter was 10.96%, and the ash content was 6.33 ± 3.72%. FTIR analysis shows the extract’s functional spectra of phenol, alkane, alkene, and alkyne groups.
{"title":"Flavonoid Content of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit and Its Proximate Compositions","authors":"Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Najat Nabilah Noor Ezzuddin, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Alyaa Nurathirah Abd Halim","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m024","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids are one of the compounds in phenolic compounds in fruits. Flavonoids have been documented to modulate or modify lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Flavonoids also influence anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumour, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal effects. In this research, flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruits was determined, as well as its proximate compositions. To extract flavonoids in the fruit, P. macrocarpa fruits were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method using aqueous as a solvent. Total flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruit extract was 89.89 ± 3.71 mg QE/100 mL. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the fruit’s moisture content, ash content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, and crude essential oil. Results obtained for proximate composition were 9.45 ± 2.67% (crude protein), 21.633 ± 1.17 (fibre), and 5.605 ± 0.88 (essential oil). Moisture content in this fruit was 88.401 ± 0.749%, the dry matter was 10.96%, and the ash content was 6.33 ± 3.72%. FTIR analysis shows the extract’s functional spectra of phenol, alkane, alkene, and alkyne groups.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"241 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52ia.d148
Nur Afeeqah Mohamed Zanudin, Nor'aishah Hasan, Patayah Mansor
Biological control is referred to as the “use of natural or modified organisms, genes” to minimize the effects of undesirable pests, pathogenic microorganisms, and diseases on plant crops. This measure has become a suitable and safe alternative for chemical fungicides in plant disease management. Endophytic fungi have received much attention as biological control agents against many plant pathogens through antibiosis, parasitism, invading spores, mycelium, and cells of the pathogen, and secreting bioactive metabolites. While the therapeutic properties of Garcinia atroviridis have been studied, the existence of microbial endophytes and their properties is still less documented. In this research, G. atroviridis endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by fungal colony morphology observation combined with the PCR-amplified fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. Fungal endophytes were assessed for their biocontrol potential against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In total, 111 endophytic fungal isolates harboring inside the leaf, branch, and fruit of G. atroviridis belonged to 5 different species with 3 different genera and two unidentified genera. All the endophytic fungal species isolated were evaluated using an in vitro dual culture assay against C. gloeosporioides, a common pathogen that causes anthracnose disease. The results of the present study clearly showed that seven species of isolated fungal endophytes were capable of inhibiting the mycelial colony growth of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition percentage between 54.67% to 87.94%. Among these species, Nigrospora sphaerica recorded the highest PIRG with 87.94%. Our work indicates that endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis have a biocontrol effect on C. gloeosporioides and are expected to be a potential source of bioactive metabolites.
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Garcinia atroviridis for Potential Antagonistic Against Phytopathogenic, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","authors":"Nur Afeeqah Mohamed Zanudin, Nor'aishah Hasan, Patayah Mansor","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52ia.d148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52ia.d148","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control is referred to as the “use of natural or modified organisms, genes” to minimize the effects of undesirable pests, pathogenic microorganisms, and diseases on plant crops. This measure has become a suitable and safe alternative for chemical fungicides in plant disease management. Endophytic fungi have received much attention as biological control agents against many plant pathogens through antibiosis, parasitism, invading spores, mycelium, and cells of the pathogen, and secreting bioactive metabolites. While the therapeutic properties of Garcinia atroviridis have been studied, the existence of microbial endophytes and their properties is still less documented. In this research, G. atroviridis endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by fungal colony morphology observation combined with the PCR-amplified fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. Fungal endophytes were assessed for their biocontrol potential against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In total, 111 endophytic fungal isolates harboring inside the leaf, branch, and fruit of G. atroviridis belonged to 5 different species with 3 different genera and two unidentified genera. All the endophytic fungal species isolated were evaluated using an in vitro dual culture assay against C. gloeosporioides, a common pathogen that causes anthracnose disease. The results of the present study clearly showed that seven species of isolated fungal endophytes were capable of inhibiting the mycelial colony growth of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition percentage between 54.67% to 87.94%. Among these species, Nigrospora sphaerica recorded the highest PIRG with 87.94%. Our work indicates that endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis have a biocontrol effect on C. gloeosporioides and are expected to be a potential source of bioactive metabolites.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"28 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a162
Muhammad Aziq Mohd Azmi, Rohana Abu
Oil extracted from fish waste could be a source of valuable fatty acids such as saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this study, the solid fat from silver catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) waste was used to extract oil by centrifugation using different extraction solvent (distilled water, 70% ethanol, 70% acetone and 70% cyclohexane), rotation time (15, 25, 35 & 45 min), rotational speed (2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 & 10000 r.p.m) and rotational temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 & 25 °C). The compositions of fatty acids in the extracted oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The highest oil yield of 156.7 ± 16.7 mg/g was achieved by centrifugation at 10000 r.p.m, 25 °C for 15 min using 70% acetone. The extracted oil contains 0.0223 mg/g palmitic acid, 0.0216 mg/g steric acid, and 0.0262 mg/g oleic acid. However, the essential PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could not be detected by GC-MS analysis. This study found that the fish oil extracted from the solid fat of the silver catfish waste can be used as a potential source of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid.
{"title":"Extraction of Oil From Solid Fat of Silver Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Waste by Centrifugation","authors":"Muhammad Aziq Mohd Azmi, Rohana Abu","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a162","url":null,"abstract":"Oil extracted from fish waste could be a source of valuable fatty acids such as saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this study, the solid fat from silver catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) waste was used to extract oil by centrifugation using different extraction solvent (distilled water, 70% ethanol, 70% acetone and 70% cyclohexane), rotation time (15, 25, 35 & 45 min), rotational speed (2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 & 10000 r.p.m) and rotational temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 & 25 °C). The compositions of fatty acids in the extracted oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The highest oil yield of 156.7 ± 16.7 mg/g was achieved by centrifugation at 10000 r.p.m, 25 °C for 15 min using 70% acetone. The extracted oil contains 0.0223 mg/g palmitic acid, 0.0216 mg/g steric acid, and 0.0262 mg/g oleic acid. However, the essential PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could not be detected by GC-MS analysis. This study found that the fish oil extracted from the solid fat of the silver catfish waste can be used as a potential source of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"32 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a094
Nor Naimah Hussin, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Thong Chuan Lee, Izan Izwan Mison, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
Natural products and essential oils of medicinal plants are extensively employed in wound healing, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Essential oils obtained from Psidium guajava were utilised as an antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and to control drug-resistant strains. In this study, electrospinning for applications in antimicrobial activity and drug delivery systems was used to develop biocomposite nanofibers of Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) and Psidium guajava essential oil (PGEO). Images from the FESEM revealed that the mean fire diameters were 120 nm for the PCL/CA and 223 nm for PCL/CA/PGEO biocomposite nanofibers. The diameters of the nanofibers were increased following the addition of PGEO into PCL/CA nanofibers. Furthermore, FTIR studies revealed the -OH peak in pure electrospun PCL/CA and PCL/CA/PGEO, lacking pure PGEO nanofibrous mats. These findings reflect that Psidium guajava essential oil/PCL/CA electrospun nanofibers are promising candidates for presenting bioactive compounds in wound management or other approaches for wound healing and bacterial infections.
{"title":"Polycaprolactone/Cellulose Acetate Loaded Psidium guajava Essential Oil Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat Dressing for Healing Wounds","authors":"Nor Naimah Hussin, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Thong Chuan Lee, Izan Izwan Mison, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a094","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products and essential oils of medicinal plants are extensively employed in wound healing, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Essential oils obtained from Psidium guajava were utilised as an antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and to control drug-resistant strains. In this study, electrospinning for applications in antimicrobial activity and drug delivery systems was used to develop biocomposite nanofibers of Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) and Psidium guajava essential oil (PGEO). Images from the FESEM revealed that the mean fire diameters were 120 nm for the PCL/CA and 223 nm for PCL/CA/PGEO biocomposite nanofibers. The diameters of the nanofibers were increased following the addition of PGEO into PCL/CA nanofibers. Furthermore, FTIR studies revealed the -OH peak in pure electrospun PCL/CA and PCL/CA/PGEO, lacking pure PGEO nanofibrous mats. These findings reflect that Psidium guajava essential oil/PCL/CA electrospun nanofibers are promising candidates for presenting bioactive compounds in wound management or other approaches for wound healing and bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"2023 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.j171
Noralia Mohd Alias, Chua Gek Kee, Chew Few Ne, Noraziyah Abu Yazid, Rozaimi Abu Samah, Siti Hatijah Mortan
The fish processing industries generate huge amounts of by-products which cause serious environmental and health problems. The environmental problems related to waste disposal can be reduced as the low cost of fish by-products contains nutrients that can enhance microbial growth and are useful for enzyme production. This research aims to investigate the effect of temperature and fermentation time on protease production from fish waste hydrolysate by using the Bacillus strain (Bacillus cereus). The pre-treatment and fish waste hydrolysate were carried out and continued with the production of protease. The effect of fermentation time was studied every 4 h for 72 h while the effect of temperature was investigated at temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 60 °C. The results showed the maximum protease production of 45.63 U/mL at 48 h of fermentation time and 44.908 ± 6.14 U/mL at a temperature of 50 °C. The current study provides insight into the effects of cultivation conditions on protease production from local fish waste industries for further optimization study to enhance protease production.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature and Fermentation Time on Protease Production Using Decapterus macarellus Fish Waste","authors":"Noralia Mohd Alias, Chua Gek Kee, Chew Few Ne, Noraziyah Abu Yazid, Rozaimi Abu Samah, Siti Hatijah Mortan","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.j171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.j171","url":null,"abstract":"The fish processing industries generate huge amounts of by-products which cause serious environmental and health problems. The environmental problems related to waste disposal can be reduced as the low cost of fish by-products contains nutrients that can enhance microbial growth and are useful for enzyme production. This research aims to investigate the effect of temperature and fermentation time on protease production from fish waste hydrolysate by using the Bacillus strain (Bacillus cereus). The pre-treatment and fish waste hydrolysate were carried out and continued with the production of protease. The effect of fermentation time was studied every 4 h for 72 h while the effect of temperature was investigated at temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 60 °C. The results showed the maximum protease production of 45.63 U/mL at 48 h of fermentation time and 44.908 ± 6.14 U/mL at a temperature of 50 °C. The current study provides insight into the effects of cultivation conditions on protease production from local fish waste industries for further optimization study to enhance protease production.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"123 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a052
Nur Sofiya Mohd Fauzi, Nurul 'Azyyati Sabri, Mohd Fazli Farida Asras, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad, Nazira Mahmud
Landfill waste consists of a mixture of components that have high potential as a substrate for hosting various microorganisms’ growth. Utilizing this waste as a fermentation substrate is seen as an economical solution for the management of the waste. Treating this waste is crucial to remove unnecessary components for the growth of specific organisms to ensure a high reaction yield. Fermentative hydrogen production from this waste specifically requires the hydrogen-consuming bacteria to be reduced. In this work, heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, acid, and alkaline pretreatment were conducted on the landfill waste. The changes in the reduced sugar content and appearance of bacterial colonies were observed and compared. Heat pretreatment at 65 °C was found to give among the best increase (74 – 88%) in reducing sugar content and reduction (50 – 85%) in the number of aerobic bacterial colonies detected. Global warming potential and eutrophication potential recorded from simulated heat pretreatment plant was comparable to other heat-based pretreatment reported by other researchers with a potential reduction in severity as the plant size increased.
{"title":"Preliminary Assessment on Pretreatment Methods For Landfill Waste Utilization in Biohydrogen Production","authors":"Nur Sofiya Mohd Fauzi, Nurul 'Azyyati Sabri, Mohd Fazli Farida Asras, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad, Nazira Mahmud","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a052","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill waste consists of a mixture of components that have high potential as a substrate for hosting various microorganisms’ growth. Utilizing this waste as a fermentation substrate is seen as an economical solution for the management of the waste. Treating this waste is crucial to remove unnecessary components for the growth of specific organisms to ensure a high reaction yield. Fermentative hydrogen production from this waste specifically requires the hydrogen-consuming bacteria to be reduced. In this work, heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, acid, and alkaline pretreatment were conducted on the landfill waste. The changes in the reduced sugar content and appearance of bacterial colonies were observed and compared. Heat pretreatment at 65 °C was found to give among the best increase (74 – 88%) in reducing sugar content and reduction (50 – 85%) in the number of aerobic bacterial colonies detected. Global warming potential and eutrophication potential recorded from simulated heat pretreatment plant was comparable to other heat-based pretreatment reported by other researchers with a potential reduction in severity as the plant size increased.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"339 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d119
Hemagirri Manisekaran, Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen, Zaidah Rahmat, Faizuan Abdullah, Abdul Fatah A Samad
Leucas zeylanica known as Ketumbit has a wide range of medical applications. This fact includes the traditional practice of L. zeylanica for the treatment of worm infections successfully, however to date, the anthelmintic effect has still not been scientifically proven. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of L. zeylanica. The study began with the extraction of L. zeylanica extracts using methanol, ethanol, and aqueous. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to evaluate the possible in vitro anthelmintic activity of various extracts of L. zeylanica against earthworms. Various concentrations (25, 50 & 100 mg/mL) of extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of the time of paralysis and time of death of worms. All extracts of the plant exhibited considerable anthelmintic activities in a dose-dependent manner. Of them all, methanolic extract at 100 mg/mL showed the most efficacious anthelmintic activity that was comparable to the reference drug (albendazole, 25 mg/mL). Therefore, we conclude that methanolic extract at the concentration of 100 mg/mL could be considered a candidate for worm treatment apart from the standard medication. This work may provide a framework for further study of L. zeylanica as an alternative treatment for worm infection.
{"title":"Evaluation of The In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leucas zeylanica Extracts on Earthworms","authors":"Hemagirri Manisekaran, Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen, Zaidah Rahmat, Faizuan Abdullah, Abdul Fatah A Samad","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d119","url":null,"abstract":"Leucas zeylanica known as Ketumbit has a wide range of medical applications. This fact includes the traditional practice of L. zeylanica for the treatment of worm infections successfully, however to date, the anthelmintic effect has still not been scientifically proven. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of L. zeylanica. The study began with the extraction of L. zeylanica extracts using methanol, ethanol, and aqueous. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to evaluate the possible in vitro anthelmintic activity of various extracts of L. zeylanica against earthworms. Various concentrations (25, 50 & 100 mg/mL) of extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of the time of paralysis and time of death of worms. All extracts of the plant exhibited considerable anthelmintic activities in a dose-dependent manner. Of them all, methanolic extract at 100 mg/mL showed the most efficacious anthelmintic activity that was comparable to the reference drug (albendazole, 25 mg/mL). Therefore, we conclude that methanolic extract at the concentration of 100 mg/mL could be considered a candidate for worm treatment apart from the standard medication. This work may provide a framework for further study of L. zeylanica as an alternative treatment for worm infection.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"69 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c146
Yaacob Ilyanie, Nur Huda Faujan, Md Yasin Ida Muryany
Taxonomic identification of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented foods is essential as the microorganisms’ benefits are varied and often strain-specific. Using biochemical and physiological methods alone is inadequate to precisely distinguish each strain. In this study, molecular techniques were employed in the identification of 17 LAB isolated from three Malaysian fermented foods: belacan (BE), bosou (BO), and budu (BUM). The respective sizes of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the isolates were approximately 1500 bp and 750 bp when amplified with the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene primers. The phylogenetic analysis using both gene sequences revealed that all BE and BO isolates were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, while all BUM isolates were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Both 16S rRNA and ITS genes could disclose the identity of the isolates up to the species level. In summary, the use of the ITS gene in conjunction with the 16S rRNA gene can help with the more effective identification of potential probiotic LAB strains isolated from fermented food.
{"title":"Species Identification of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Fermented Food Based on 16S Ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences","authors":"Yaacob Ilyanie, Nur Huda Faujan, Md Yasin Ida Muryany","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c146","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomic identification of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented foods is essential as the microorganisms’ benefits are varied and often strain-specific. Using biochemical and physiological methods alone is inadequate to precisely distinguish each strain. In this study, molecular techniques were employed in the identification of 17 LAB isolated from three Malaysian fermented foods: belacan (BE), bosou (BO), and budu (BUM). The respective sizes of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the isolates were approximately 1500 bp and 750 bp when amplified with the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene primers. The phylogenetic analysis using both gene sequences revealed that all BE and BO isolates were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, while all BUM isolates were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Both 16S rRNA and ITS genes could disclose the identity of the isolates up to the species level. In summary, the use of the ITS gene in conjunction with the 16S rRNA gene can help with the more effective identification of potential probiotic LAB strains isolated from fermented food.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"47 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a047
Phin Yin Sin, Suat Hian Tan, Zhe Cheng Ng, Nyuk Ling Ma, Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Anuar
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a tropical fruit. Recently, it has gained interest from the public due to its potential beneficial effects on health. The acclimatization of micropropagated Hylocereus polyrhizus depends on the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) to increase plant growth. Eggshells are waste materials from industrial sectors, and they are composed of calcium source that is vital for the development of plant shoots and root. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of different concentrations of GA3 and eggshell either added individually or in combination on the growth of shoot length and shoot diameter of H. polyrhizus. The result showed the shoot length of the H. polyrhizus increased by approximately 54.69%, from 0.64 ± 0.13 cm to 0.99 ± 0.26 cm, as the concentration of GA3 increased from 0 ppm to 10 ppm. Furthermore, this finding also reported that with eggshells, GA3 showed an adverse effect on the development of shoot diameter. The growth of shoot length and shoot diameter with the addition of eggshell was different, perhaps due to the gibberellic acid affecting the shoot length but not the shoot diameter. Generally, the growth of shoot length and shoot diameter with eggshells was higher in comparison with those without eggshells. With that, we can prove that eggshell is a good additive to promote the growth of H. polyrhizus.
{"title":"Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Eggshell on Hylocereus polyrhizus","authors":"Phin Yin Sin, Suat Hian Tan, Zhe Cheng Ng, Nyuk Ling Ma, Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Anuar","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a047","url":null,"abstract":"Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a tropical fruit. Recently, it has gained interest from the public due to its potential beneficial effects on health. The acclimatization of micropropagated Hylocereus polyrhizus depends on the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) to increase plant growth. Eggshells are waste materials from industrial sectors, and they are composed of calcium source that is vital for the development of plant shoots and root. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of different concentrations of GA3 and eggshell either added individually or in combination on the growth of shoot length and shoot diameter of H. polyrhizus. The result showed the shoot length of the H. polyrhizus increased by approximately 54.69%, from 0.64 ± 0.13 cm to 0.99 ± 0.26 cm, as the concentration of GA3 increased from 0 ppm to 10 ppm. Furthermore, this finding also reported that with eggshells, GA3 showed an adverse effect on the development of shoot diameter. The growth of shoot length and shoot diameter with the addition of eggshell was different, perhaps due to the gibberellic acid affecting the shoot length but not the shoot diameter. Generally, the growth of shoot length and shoot diameter with eggshells was higher in comparison with those without eggshells. With that, we can prove that eggshell is a good additive to promote the growth of H. polyrhizus.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"146 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.i058
Rubini Devi Selvarajoo, Nurul 'Azyyati Sabri
Microbial inoculants are beneficial microorganisms applied to plants or the soil to promote plant growth and control pest disease and weeds. Microbial inoculants isolated from local surroundings are indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. The performance of the IMO inoculants is varied depending on the sources and the local environment. Therefore, it is important to identify the right sources to enhance the efficiency of the IMO inoculants. This research aims to study the performance of okra and soil by mixing potential yeast sources for indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. Longan and mango were chosen as the sources of yeasts. The IMO inoculants were fermented for a week, and the microorganisms group was identified. Then, the IMO inoculants were applied to the okra and tested for physical and mineral content analysis. IMO inoculants with mango and longan showed a higher yeast population than the control. However, IMO inoculants with mango showed the best plant growth and harvesting time performance. The soil treated with both IMO inoculants also showed higher potassium and calcium. To conclude, plants treated with both IMO inoculants performed better than the control. Thus, IMO inoculants with longan and mango may potentially enhance the yeast community in IMO inoculants, indirectly improving okra growth and benefiting the agriculture field in the future.
{"title":"Performance of Okra and Soil Using Indigenous Microorganisms Inoculants","authors":"Rubini Devi Selvarajoo, Nurul 'Azyyati Sabri","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.i058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.i058","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial inoculants are beneficial microorganisms applied to plants or the soil to promote plant growth and control pest disease and weeds. Microbial inoculants isolated from local surroundings are indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. The performance of the IMO inoculants is varied depending on the sources and the local environment. Therefore, it is important to identify the right sources to enhance the efficiency of the IMO inoculants. This research aims to study the performance of okra and soil by mixing potential yeast sources for indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. Longan and mango were chosen as the sources of yeasts. The IMO inoculants were fermented for a week, and the microorganisms group was identified. Then, the IMO inoculants were applied to the okra and tested for physical and mineral content analysis. IMO inoculants with mango and longan showed a higher yeast population than the control. However, IMO inoculants with mango showed the best plant growth and harvesting time performance. The soil treated with both IMO inoculants also showed higher potassium and calcium. To conclude, plants treated with both IMO inoculants performed better than the control. Thus, IMO inoculants with longan and mango may potentially enhance the yeast community in IMO inoculants, indirectly improving okra growth and benefiting the agriculture field in the future.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"328 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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