We use reforms in the Swiss public retirement system to identify the responsiveness of retirement timing to financial incentives. A permanent reduction of retirement benefits by 3.4 percent induces more than 70 percent of females to postpone their retirement. The responsiveness of male workers, who undergo a different treatment, is lower.
{"title":"Financial Incentives and the Timing of Retirement: Evidence from Switzerland","authors":"B. Broadway, R. Riphahn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.955799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.955799","url":null,"abstract":"We use reforms in the Swiss public retirement system to identify the responsiveness of retirement timing to financial incentives. A permanent reduction of retirement benefits by 3.4 percent induces more than 70 percent of females to postpone their retirement. The responsiveness of male workers, who undergo a different treatment, is lower.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124171862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vertical integration followed by quantity competition is studied. In the first stage of the game downstream firms simultaneously decide whether to integrate with one of the upstream suppliers. If firms are not able to observe whether their vertically integrated competitor enters the intermediate-good market then they are indifferent about vertical integration. If the entry choice of the integrated firm is observable then the unique equilibrium involves vertical integration and in-house production of the intermediate good. The importance of entry observability sheds light on the strategic importance of information exchange institutions such as the internet and business fairs.
{"title":"Merge and Compete: Strategic Incentives for Vertical Integration","authors":"Filippo Vergara Caffarelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.954913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.954913","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical integration followed by quantity competition is studied. In the first stage of the game downstream firms simultaneously decide whether to integrate with one of the upstream suppliers. If firms are not able to observe whether their vertically integrated competitor enters the intermediate-good market then they are indifferent about vertical integration. If the entry choice of the integrated firm is observable then the unique equilibrium involves vertical integration and in-house production of the intermediate good. The importance of entry observability sheds light on the strategic importance of information exchange institutions such as the internet and business fairs.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121895862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An essential part of the financial system is its infrastructure: for example, payment systems, securities settlement systems, central counterparties and messaging services. These enable transactions ranging from retail payments through to business in domestic and international wholesale financial markets. Given this, were any such system to fail, this could affect the whole economy. This threat to financial stability largely explains why central banks seek to ensure – via their ‘oversight’ role – that financial infrastructures take sufficient measures to mitigate risk. This paper explores the role of governance of infrastructures in the management of systemic risk. We do this by considering the case of a generic infrastructure provider operating under different forms of ownership. We show that, in the presence of consumption externalities, the level of risk mitigation chosen by the infrastructure provider is less than socially optimal. We then show that governance may have a role in adapting a provider’s decision-making process to take due account of their risk externalities and, hence, provide a more socially optimal level of risk mitigation. Specifically, we suggest a feasible adaptation could be for infrastructures to appoint external stakeholder representatives to their boards with a specific remit to act in the wider public interest.
{"title":"Financial Infrastructure and Corporate Governance","authors":"H. Allen, G. Christodoulou, S. Millard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.965489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.965489","url":null,"abstract":"An essential part of the financial system is its infrastructure: for example, payment systems, securities settlement systems, central counterparties and messaging services. These enable transactions ranging from retail payments through to business in domestic and international wholesale financial markets. Given this, were any such system to fail, this could affect the whole economy. This threat to financial stability largely explains why central banks seek to ensure – via their ‘oversight’ role – that financial infrastructures take sufficient measures to mitigate risk. This paper explores the role of governance of infrastructures in the management of systemic risk. We do this by considering the case of a generic infrastructure provider operating under different forms of ownership. We show that, in the presence of consumption externalities, the level of risk mitigation chosen by the infrastructure provider is less than socially optimal. We then show that governance may have a role in adapting a provider’s decision-making process to take due account of their risk externalities and, hence, provide a more socially optimal level of risk mitigation. Specifically, we suggest a feasible adaptation could be for infrastructures to appoint external stakeholder representatives to their boards with a specific remit to act in the wider public interest.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past, information on residential property price developments in Germany could be inferred only from a small number of indicators of sometimes dubious quality. These indicators often lacked a clear methodological foundation and had a restricted coverage. Moreover, they gave - to some extent - contradictory signals. The Bundesbank residential property price indices derived from BulwienGesa data, which was released in 2003, brought some improvements with respect to intertemporal comparability. The main weaknesses of the Bundesbank indicators are the reliance on expert assessments instead of true transaction data and the limited coverage (only cities). Still, the BulwienGesa/Bundesbank indicators remain the market leaders in Germany. The increasing use of the internet for residential property transactions and finance has provided additional indicators. However, the future will belong to hedonic indices. The German Federal Statistical Office is developing hedonic indices based on data gathered by local expert committees for property valuation. Due to the federal structure of Germany, however, it is very difficult to compile comparable data from all over the country. The Association of German Pfandbrief Banks is developing hedonic property price indices based on data gathered in the course of its member banks' commercial operations, and it invests heavily in improving the quality of the raw data. The main motivation behind this effort is compliance with new capital adequacy requirements. As a by-product, high quality hedonic property price indices for Germany might emerge, covering not only residential property but also commercial property.
过去，关于德国住宅房地产价格发展的信息只能从少数有时质量可疑的指标中推断出来。这些指标往往缺乏明确的方法基础，覆盖范围有限。此外，它们在某种程度上发出了相互矛盾的信号。德国央行(Bundesbank)根据2003年发布的BulwienGesa数据编制的住宅房地产价格指数，在跨期可比性方面有所改善。德国央行指标的主要弱点是依赖专家评估，而不是真实的交易数据，而且覆盖范围有限(仅限城市)。尽管如此，BulwienGesa/Bundesbank指标仍是德国市场的领头羊。越来越多地使用互联网进行住宅物业交易和融资，提供了额外的指标。然而，未来将属于享乐指数。德国联邦统计局正在根据地方专家委员会为房地产估价收集的数据编制幸福指数。然而，由于德国的联邦制结构，很难从全国各地收集可比较的数据。德国Pfandbrief银行协会(Association of German Pfandbrief Banks)正在根据其成员银行在商业运营过程中收集的数据，开发享乐地产价格指数，并在提高原始数据质量方面投入了大量资金。这一努力背后的主要动机是遵守新的资本充足率要求。作为副产品，德国可能会出现高质量的享乐主义房地产价格指数，不仅包括住宅房地产，还包括商业房地产。
{"title":"Real Estate Price Indices for Germany: Past, Present and Future","authors":"Johannes Hoffmann, A. Lorenz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.970241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.970241","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, information on residential property price developments in Germany could be inferred only from a small number of indicators of sometimes dubious quality. These indicators often lacked a clear methodological foundation and had a restricted coverage. Moreover, they gave - to some extent - contradictory signals. The Bundesbank residential property price indices derived from BulwienGesa data, which was released in 2003, brought some improvements with respect to intertemporal comparability. The main weaknesses of the Bundesbank indicators are the reliance on expert assessments instead of true transaction data and the limited coverage (only cities). Still, the BulwienGesa/Bundesbank indicators remain the market leaders in Germany. The increasing use of the internet for residential property transactions and finance has provided additional indicators. However, the future will belong to hedonic indices. The German Federal Statistical Office is developing hedonic indices based on data gathered by local expert committees for property valuation. Due to the federal structure of Germany, however, it is very difficult to compile comparable data from all over the country. The Association of German Pfandbrief Banks is developing hedonic property price indices based on data gathered in the course of its member banks' commercial operations, and it invests heavily in improving the quality of the raw data. The main motivation behind this effort is compliance with new capital adequacy requirements. As a by-product, high quality hedonic property price indices for Germany might emerge, covering not only residential property but also commercial property.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127388789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present the reader with an accessible and practical account of the evaluation as a mode of inquiry within the broad domain of social science. The starting point will be to present a general outline of the main milestones relating to the emergence of evaluation as a mode of inquiry and some of the prominent advocates of comtemporary evaluation. Particular attention will be directed towards what is termed as 'programme evaluation'. Then I will endeavour to explore whether evaluation as a mode of inquiry is practice or theory lead. A definitive answer to this question will not be presented here in this short paper; I will instead make assumptions based on my interpretation of the reviewed discourse within the field and personal reflection from practice. The case of the European University Association (EUA) Quality Review of the seven Irish universities and the Dublin Institute of Technology will be cited as an example of evaluation in practice in the Irish Higher Education sector. Issues such as the politics and power, decision making, and the use, misuse or non-use, of findings of evaluations will be briefly introduced.
{"title":"Evaluation: Emergence, Mode of Inquiry, Theory & Practice","authors":"Aidan Kenny","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.946402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.946402","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present the reader with an accessible and practical account of the evaluation as a mode of inquiry within the broad domain of social science. The starting point will be to present a general outline of the main milestones relating to the emergence of evaluation as a mode of inquiry and some of the prominent advocates of comtemporary evaluation. Particular attention will be directed towards what is termed as 'programme evaluation'. Then I will endeavour to explore whether evaluation as a mode of inquiry is practice or theory lead. A definitive answer to this question will not be presented here in this short paper; I will instead make assumptions based on my interpretation of the reviewed discourse within the field and personal reflection from practice. The case of the European University Association (EUA) Quality Review of the seven Irish universities and the Dublin Institute of Technology will be cited as an example of evaluation in practice in the Irish Higher Education sector. Issues such as the politics and power, decision making, and the use, misuse or non-use, of findings of evaluations will be briefly introduced.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126753445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00859.x
O. Westall
In the second half of the nineteenth century, British fire insurance exports grew rapidly to more than half of the revenue accepted by British fire insurance companies. It has been suggested by some, including Michael Porter, that this expansion was based on a comparative advantage created in large part by a highly competitive domestic insurance market. Yet the existence of strong and sophisticated cartels in the British insurance market is well known. The paper argues that in fact the chief motive for the drive to develop business abroad came from the existence of the cartel, whose increasing power prompted the creation of a number of new well-supported companies. The circumstances of the insurance business forced them to develop a large and diversified business and this required them to join the cartel. This membership deprived them of the price weapon to develop their business in the domestic market. They were thus forced to develop innovative strategies to grow. One of these was to deploy innovative marketing policies at home. The other was to expand abroad. By contrast, most of the older companies that had created the cartel developed foreign business later and on a far smaller scale.
{"title":"Domestic Distortions and the Early Emergence of the International Trade in Fire Insurance from the UK","authors":"O. Westall","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00859.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00859.x","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the nineteenth century, British fire insurance exports grew rapidly to more than half of the revenue accepted by British fire insurance companies. It has been suggested by some, including Michael Porter, that this expansion was based on a comparative advantage created in large part by a highly competitive domestic insurance market. Yet the existence of strong and sophisticated cartels in the British insurance market is well known. The paper argues that in fact the chief motive for the drive to develop business abroad came from the existence of the cartel, whose increasing power prompted the creation of a number of new well-supported companies. The circumstances of the insurance business forced them to develop a large and diversified business and this required them to join the cartel. This membership deprived them of the price weapon to develop their business in the domestic market. They were thus forced to develop innovative strategies to grow. One of these was to deploy innovative marketing policies at home. The other was to expand abroad. By contrast, most of the older companies that had created the cartel developed foreign business later and on a far smaller scale.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115796038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the generosity of the European welfare state toward the elderly. It shows how various dimensions of the welfare regimes have changed during the past 10 to 15 years and how this evolution is related to the process of economic integration. Dimensions include general generosity toward the elderly and, more specifically, generosity toward early retirement and generosity toward the poor. Using aggregate data (EUROSTAT, OECD) as well as individual data (SHARE, the new Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe), the paper looks at the statistical correlations among those types of system generosity and actual policy outcomes, such as unemployment and poverty rates among the young and the elderly, and the inequality in wealth, income and consumption. While the paper is largely descriptive, it also tries to explain which economic and political forces drive social expenditures for the elderly in the European Union and whether spending for the elderly crowds out spending for the young.
{"title":"European Welfare State Regimes and Their Generosity Toward the Elderly","authors":"A. Börsch-Supan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.947508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.947508","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the generosity of the European welfare state toward the elderly. It shows how various dimensions of the welfare regimes have changed during the past 10 to 15 years and how this evolution is related to the process of economic integration. Dimensions include general generosity toward the elderly and, more specifically, generosity toward early retirement and generosity toward the poor. Using aggregate data (EUROSTAT, OECD) as well as individual data (SHARE, the new Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe), the paper looks at the statistical correlations among those types of system generosity and actual policy outcomes, such as unemployment and poverty rates among the young and the elderly, and the inequality in wealth, income and consumption. While the paper is largely descriptive, it also tries to explain which economic and political forces drive social expenditures for the elderly in the European Union and whether spending for the elderly crowds out spending for the young.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133317677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00615.x
K. Syrett
Appraisals of medical technologies undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) have significant implications for the setting of priorities for health care expenditure in the NHS in England and Wales. NICE has been characterised as a deliberative body, an evaluation which reflects the recent attention paid by those working within the health policy community to the establishment of mechanisms which deliver procedural justice, in the absence of societal consensus upon the substantive values which should underpin distributive choices in health care. This article critically interrogates the assessment of NICE as deliberative in character. It also considers the relationship between legitimacy and deliberation in this policy context, in light of the claim that thickening proceduralisation by establishing and enhancing deliberative structures and processes is a useful strategy for addressing regulatory problems.
{"title":"Deconstructing Deliberation in the Appraisal of Medical Technologies: Nicely Does it?","authors":"K. Syrett","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00615.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00615.x","url":null,"abstract":"Appraisals of medical technologies undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) have significant implications for the setting of priorities for health care expenditure in the NHS in England and Wales. NICE has been characterised as a deliberative body, an evaluation which reflects the recent attention paid by those working within the health policy community to the establishment of mechanisms which deliver procedural justice, in the absence of societal consensus upon the substantive values which should underpin distributive choices in health care. This article critically interrogates the assessment of NICE as deliberative in character. It also considers the relationship between legitimacy and deliberation in this policy context, in light of the claim that thickening proceduralisation by establishing and enhancing deliberative structures and processes is a useful strategy for addressing regulatory problems.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main focus of this paper is the relation between the cyclical components of total revenues and expenditures and the budget balance in France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. We try to uncover past trends behind the development of public finances that contribute to explaining the current stance of fiscal policy. The disaggregate analysis of fiscal policy in an SVAR that mixes long and short-term constraints allows us to look into the transmission channels of fiscal policy and to derive a model-based indicator of structural balance. The main conclusions are that fiscal slippages are mainly due to reversals in tax policies, which are unmatched by expenditure adjustments. As a consequence, deficits rise when economic conditions worsen but cause a 'ratcheting up' in the size of government in economic booms. The Stability and Growth Pact has not eradicated these procyclical policies. Bad policies in good times also contribute to aggregate macroeconomic instability.
本文的主要焦点是法国、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙的总收入和支出的周期性组成部分与预算平衡之间的关系。我们试图揭示公共财政发展背后的过去趋势，这些趋势有助于解释当前财政政策的立场。在混合长期和短期约束的SVAR中对财政政策进行分类分析，使我们能够研究财政政策的传导渠道，并得出基于模型的结构平衡指标。主要结论是，财政下滑主要是由于税收政策的逆转，而这与支出调整是不匹配的。因此，当经济状况恶化时，赤字会上升，但在经济繁荣时，赤字会导致政府规模的“逐步扩大”。《稳定与增长公约》(Stability and Growth Pact)并未根除这些顺周期政策。经济繁荣时期的糟糕政策也会导致总体宏观经济的不稳定。
{"title":"The Dynamic Behaviour of Budget Components and Output - the Cases of France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain","authors":"P. Claeys, António Afonso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.942997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.942997","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this paper is the relation between the cyclical components of total revenues and expenditures and the budget balance in France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. We try to uncover past trends behind the development of public finances that contribute to explaining the current stance of fiscal policy. The disaggregate analysis of fiscal policy in an SVAR that mixes long and short-term constraints allows us to look into the transmission channels of fiscal policy and to derive a model-based indicator of structural balance. The main conclusions are that fiscal slippages are mainly due to reversals in tax policies, which are unmatched by expenditure adjustments. As a consequence, deficits rise when economic conditions worsen but cause a 'ratcheting up' in the size of government in economic booms. The Stability and Growth Pact has not eradicated these procyclical policies. Bad policies in good times also contribute to aggregate macroeconomic instability.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130785612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is concerned with the factors that influence the cooperation among cluster-based firms. Theorists have consistently demonstrated the role and importance of economic externalities, such as knowledge spillovers, within industrial clusters. Less attention has been paid to the investigation of social based externalities, though it has been suggested that these may also accrue from geographical agglomeration. This study explores the development of cooperation between firms operating in a single industry sector and in close proximity. The results suggest that social networking has a greater influence than geographic proximity in facilitating inter-firm co-operation. A semi-structured questionnaire has been developed and the answers were analysed with a stepwise regression model.
{"title":"Local Networks to Compete in the Global Era: The Italian Smes Experience","authors":"A. R. Gurrieri, L. Petruzzellis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.944476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944476","url":null,"abstract":"This study is concerned with the factors that influence the cooperation among cluster-based firms. Theorists have consistently demonstrated the role and importance of economic externalities, such as knowledge spillovers, within industrial clusters. Less attention has been paid to the investigation of social based externalities, though it has been suggested that these may also accrue from geographical agglomeration. This study explores the development of cooperation between firms operating in a single industry sector and in close proximity. The results suggest that social networking has a greater influence than geographic proximity in facilitating inter-firm co-operation. A semi-structured questionnaire has been developed and the answers were analysed with a stepwise regression model.","PeriodicalId":181797,"journal":{"name":"European Economics eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：