Tiago Morkis Siqueira, Edwin Alexander Morantes Rodríguez, H. B. Coda
Sliding connections are present in several applications on the mechanics, civil and aerospace industries. A framework consisting on an accurate and stable formulation to describe the dynamics of flexible systems with sliding connections is developed. The total Lagrangian positional approach of the Finite Element Method is employed using 2D solid and frame elements to discretize bodies and connections. This allows a wide range of applications, particularly the local modelling of joints. The proposed formulation includes roughness along sliding paths independent from the finite element geometry discretization. Following variational principles, Lagrange multipliers are used to impose sliding constraints on the equations of motion. A direct time integration is performed by the generalized-α method and its stability in the present finite deformation context is evaluated. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Examples are presented where the proposed framework is evaluated regarding its dynamical behavior and to solve practical scenarios for which sliding modelling is a necessity.
{"title":"Dynamical analysis of sliding connections with mesh independent roughness by a total Lagrangian FEM","authors":"Tiago Morkis Siqueira, Edwin Alexander Morantes Rodríguez, H. B. Coda","doi":"10.1590/1679-78257295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78257295","url":null,"abstract":"Sliding connections are present in several applications on the mechanics, civil and aerospace industries. A framework consisting on an accurate and stable formulation to describe the dynamics of flexible systems with sliding connections is developed. The total Lagrangian positional approach of the Finite Element Method is employed using 2D solid and frame elements to discretize bodies and connections. This allows a wide range of applications, particularly the local modelling of joints. The proposed formulation includes roughness along sliding paths independent from the finite element geometry discretization. Following variational principles, Lagrange multipliers are used to impose sliding constraints on the equations of motion. A direct time integration is performed by the generalized-α method and its stability in the present finite deformation context is evaluated. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Examples are presented where the proposed framework is evaluated regarding its dynamical behavior and to solve practical scenarios for which sliding modelling is a necessity.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67621885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the failure modes, bearing capacity, ductility, and sleeve strain of grouted sleeve lapping connectors, 36 specimens were tested under uniaxial tensile load. The test results show that the sleeves are under longitudinal tension at the beginning, which changes to longitudinal compression in the late stage of loading, and the changing load increases gradually with the lap length. The force transmission path and mechanical mechanism of the connectors are analyzed. The distribution and development process of longitudinal sleeve stress is analyzed based on the constitutive model stress, and it is found that the sleeve changes from longitudinal tension to longitudinal compression at the late loading stage, which is consistent with the test results. Based on the test, the calculation formulas of the ultimate bond strength and critical lap length of the grouted sleeve lapping connector are proposed. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the application of grouted sleeve lapping connectors.
{"title":"Experimental Study and In-depth Tensile Mechanism Analysis of Grouted Sleeve Lapping Conectors","authors":"Qiong Yu, Liang Zhang, Peiyan Tang, Ling-zhi Li, Xingkui Zhang, Baoxiu Fan, Zhi Zhang, Zhenhai Chen","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256935","url":null,"abstract":"To study the failure modes, bearing capacity, ductility, and sleeve strain of grouted sleeve lapping connectors, 36 specimens were tested under uniaxial tensile load. The test results show that the sleeves are under longitudinal tension at the beginning, which changes to longitudinal compression in the late stage of loading, and the changing load increases gradually with the lap length. The force transmission path and mechanical mechanism of the connectors are analyzed. The distribution and development process of longitudinal sleeve stress is analyzed based on the constitutive model stress, and it is found that the sleeve changes from longitudinal tension to longitudinal compression at the late loading stage, which is consistent with the test results. Based on the test, the calculation formulas of the ultimate bond strength and critical lap length of the grouted sleeve lapping connector are proposed. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the application of grouted sleeve lapping connectors.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67619712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract While structural strengthening is not the consequence of a structure's condition of failure, it does take place as a result of a need to increase the structural stiffness and load capacity when a change in the structure's usage occurs. As a result, various techniques must be presented to enhance the structural elements by considering economic and time requirement factors and load-bearing capacity. In this study, the issue is demonstrated using a steel I-beam that was strengthened using six different techniques to postpone the beam's lateral torsional buckling to achieve its full plastic flexural capacity. Finite element (FE) analyses were carried out with the use of Abaqus software to predict the response of both unstrengthened and strengthened steel I-beams in a four-point bending test for a total of 56 specimens with different parameters studied. In order to understand which strengthening techniques are most appropriate for a new or existing steel building, an analysis of the costs was conducted for each strengthening technique to reach a conclusion regarding which strengthening techniques would be ideal for use.
{"title":"Numerical investigation into the effectiveness of steel i-beam strengthening techniques in steel-framed buildings","authors":"S. Alhammadi","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256696","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While structural strengthening is not the consequence of a structure's condition of failure, it does take place as a result of a need to increase the structural stiffness and load capacity when a change in the structure's usage occurs. As a result, various techniques must be presented to enhance the structural elements by considering economic and time requirement factors and load-bearing capacity. In this study, the issue is demonstrated using a steel I-beam that was strengthened using six different techniques to postpone the beam's lateral torsional buckling to achieve its full plastic flexural capacity. Finite element (FE) analyses were carried out with the use of Abaqus software to predict the response of both unstrengthened and strengthened steel I-beams in a four-point bending test for a total of 56 specimens with different parameters studied. In order to understand which strengthening techniques are most appropriate for a new or existing steel building, an analysis of the costs was conducted for each strengthening technique to reach a conclusion regarding which strengthening techniques would be ideal for use.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A mechanical model was developed to evaluate the reliability of very slender columns subject to creep, employing the nonlinear moment-curvature relationship. Second-order effects were considered by the finite difference method. Numerical tests were carried out on 432 columns with a slenderness index between 100 and 200. The general nonlinear method was adopted to determine the design load, applying the displacement of the stress-strain diagram for consideration of creep. The reliability index was calculated using the Monte Carlo method and the First Order Reliability Method. Among the results obtained, it was observed that it is important to review the safety criterion of the Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 about the very slender columns (90 < λ ≤ 200) by performing the calibration of the additional coefficient γn1. In addition, it was observed that an increase in the reinforcement ratio commonly produces a reduction in the reliability index; an increase in the first-order relative eccentricity promotes a decrease in reliability, among other evaluated factors.
{"title":"Reliability analysis of very slender columns subjected to creep","authors":"Kleyser Ribeiro, D. D. Loriggio, M. V. Real","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mechanical model was developed to evaluate the reliability of very slender columns subject to creep, employing the nonlinear moment-curvature relationship. Second-order effects were considered by the finite difference method. Numerical tests were carried out on 432 columns with a slenderness index between 100 and 200. The general nonlinear method was adopted to determine the design load, applying the displacement of the stress-strain diagram for consideration of creep. The reliability index was calculated using the Monte Carlo method and the First Order Reliability Method. Among the results obtained, it was observed that it is important to review the safety criterion of the Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 about the very slender columns (90 < λ ≤ 200) by performing the calibration of the additional coefficient γn1. In addition, it was observed that an increase in the reinforcement ratio commonly produces a reduction in the reliability index; an increase in the first-order relative eccentricity promotes a decrease in reliability, among other evaluated factors.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49049158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Soncco, K. N. Betancourt, R. Arciniega, J. Reddy
Abstract The main goal of this research is to study the postbuckling behavior of nonlocal functionally graded beams. Eringen’s nonlocal differential model is used to evaluate the influence of the material length scale in the bending response. An improved shear deformation beam theory with five independent parameters is utilized, which is suitable for the use of 3D constitutive equations. A finite element model is derived with spectral high-order interpolation functions to avoid shear locking. The formulation is verified by comparing the present results with the ones found in the literature. Functionally graded beams with different boundary conditions, nonlocal parameters, and power law indices are analyzed. It is shown that the present model can accurately predict the behavior of nonlocal beams due to the use of high-order terms in the displacement field in comparison with classical beam formulations. Finally, new benchmark problems are analyzed to show the capabilities of the present model to evaluate the effect of the nonlocal parameter and the power law index on postbuckling beam behavior.
{"title":"Postbuckling analysis of nonlocal functionally graded beams","authors":"K. Soncco, K. N. Betancourt, R. Arciniega, J. Reddy","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main goal of this research is to study the postbuckling behavior of nonlocal functionally graded beams. Eringen’s nonlocal differential model is used to evaluate the influence of the material length scale in the bending response. An improved shear deformation beam theory with five independent parameters is utilized, which is suitable for the use of 3D constitutive equations. A finite element model is derived with spectral high-order interpolation functions to avoid shear locking. The formulation is verified by comparing the present results with the ones found in the literature. Functionally graded beams with different boundary conditions, nonlocal parameters, and power law indices are analyzed. It is shown that the present model can accurately predict the behavior of nonlocal beams due to the use of high-order terms in the displacement field in comparison with classical beam formulations. Finally, new benchmark problems are analyzed to show the capabilities of the present model to evaluate the effect of the nonlocal parameter and the power law index on postbuckling beam behavior.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49121323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present paper investigates the transverse vibration of a non-uniform axially functionally graded Timoshenko beam with cross-sectional and material properties varying in the beam length direction. The Chebyshev collocation method is used to spatially discretize the governing partial differential equations of motion of the beam into time-dependent ordinary differential equations in terms of Chebyshev differentiation matrices. An algebraic eigenvalue equation in matrix form is then formed to study the free vibration behavior of non-uniform axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams. Several results of natural frequencies of the beams are evaluated and compared with those in the published literature to assure the accuracy of the proposed model. The effects of taper ratio, material graded index, slenderness ratio, material compositions and restraint types on the natural frequencies of tapered axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams are examined.
{"title":"Vibration Analysis of Axially Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beams with Non-uniform Cross-section","authors":"Wei-Ren Chen","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256434","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper investigates the transverse vibration of a non-uniform axially functionally graded Timoshenko beam with cross-sectional and material properties varying in the beam length direction. The Chebyshev collocation method is used to spatially discretize the governing partial differential equations of motion of the beam into time-dependent ordinary differential equations in terms of Chebyshev differentiation matrices. An algebraic eigenvalue equation in matrix form is then formed to study the free vibration behavior of non-uniform axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams. Several results of natural frequencies of the beams are evaluated and compared with those in the published literature to assure the accuracy of the proposed model. The effects of taper ratio, material graded index, slenderness ratio, material compositions and restraint types on the natural frequencies of tapered axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams are examined.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This investigation analyzes the cost-benefit ratio of the Transformation Field Analysis to compute the elastoplastic behavior of periodically perforated metal sheets. Evaluation of accuracy and computational cost are analyzed by implementing a finite element approach coupled with the Transformation Field Analysis technique for different meshes and finite element orders. Numerical studies are employed to compare Transformation Field Analysis accuracy with standard Finite Element Analysis for elastoplastic analysis of periodically perforated metal sheets. Additionally, experimental data is employed to validate the Transformation Field Analysis results. The Transformation Field Analysis requires calculating the strain concentration and influencing tensors employing the finite element method. The numerical results show the technique's capabilities and favorable scenarios, besides the influence of domain discretization and finite element order.
{"title":"Elastoplastic Analysis of Perforated Metal Sheets using Transformation Field Analysis and Finite Element Method","authors":"C. A. V. Várady Filho, M. Cavalcante","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This investigation analyzes the cost-benefit ratio of the Transformation Field Analysis to compute the elastoplastic behavior of periodically perforated metal sheets. Evaluation of accuracy and computational cost are analyzed by implementing a finite element approach coupled with the Transformation Field Analysis technique for different meshes and finite element orders. Numerical studies are employed to compare Transformation Field Analysis accuracy with standard Finite Element Analysis for elastoplastic analysis of periodically perforated metal sheets. Additionally, experimental data is employed to validate the Transformation Field Analysis results. The Transformation Field Analysis requires calculating the strain concentration and influencing tensors employing the finite element method. The numerical results show the technique's capabilities and favorable scenarios, besides the influence of domain discretization and finite element order.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A ballistic projectile launching device was used to study the penetration behaviors of tungsten alloy spherical fragments of various diameters into carbon fiber composite target plates of different thicknesses. Based on the ballistic test results, we obtained the relationship between ultimate penetration velocity, target plate thickness, and fragment diameter as well as the relationship between the fragment penetration energy and fragment incident velocity. Using dimensional analysis, we obtained a formula relating the incident fragment velocity and the fragment penetration energy, which showed good agreement with the experimental values. We also analyzed the main fracture mode and the energy absorption mechanism of the carbon composite target plate under high-velocity impacts of tungsten alloy spheres and investigated the experimental damage modes of the target plate at different fragment velocities during the ballistic impact.
{"title":"Experimental research on tungsten alloy spherical fragments penetrating into carbon fiber target plate","authors":"Dou Hong, Wen-bin Li, Yu Zheng, Ning Jiang","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A ballistic projectile launching device was used to study the penetration behaviors of tungsten alloy spherical fragments of various diameters into carbon fiber composite target plates of different thicknesses. Based on the ballistic test results, we obtained the relationship between ultimate penetration velocity, target plate thickness, and fragment diameter as well as the relationship between the fragment penetration energy and fragment incident velocity. Using dimensional analysis, we obtained a formula relating the incident fragment velocity and the fragment penetration energy, which showed good agreement with the experimental values. We also analyzed the main fracture mode and the energy absorption mechanism of the carbon composite target plate under high-velocity impacts of tungsten alloy spheres and investigated the experimental damage modes of the target plate at different fragment velocities during the ballistic impact.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67617835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current investigation focuses on the results of an experimental investigation of Square-plan-shape and Remodel-triangle-shape building model’s varied interference conditions between duplicate building models of 1:300 scale (at 100% blockage) on wind-induced pressure and base moments at fixed 10% of the height of the instrumented model. Under current working conditions, the study concludes that -1 > Interference Factor > 1 as experienced by the Remodel-triangle-shape model results in reduced performance of the instrumented model as opposed to the Square-plan-shape model. Front-to-Front interference condition of Remodel-triangle-shape model has the best overall performance in along-wind and crosswind directions, whereas Front-to-Back interference condition of Remodel-triangle-shape model has the best torsional performance. Back-to-Back interference of a Remodel-triangle-shape model should be avoided because the orientation of duplicate models attracts the most overturning moments in both the along-wind and crosswind directions of all interference conditions investigated in this study.
{"title":"Bilateral Interference of Wind Loads Induced on Duplicate Building Models of Various Shapes","authors":"Supriya Pal, R. Raj, S. Anbukumar","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256595","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current investigation focuses on the results of an experimental investigation of Square-plan-shape and Remodel-triangle-shape building model’s varied interference conditions between duplicate building models of 1:300 scale (at 100% blockage) on wind-induced pressure and base moments at fixed 10% of the height of the instrumented model. Under current working conditions, the study concludes that -1 > Interference Factor > 1 as experienced by the Remodel-triangle-shape model results in reduced performance of the instrumented model as opposed to the Square-plan-shape model. Front-to-Front interference condition of Remodel-triangle-shape model has the best overall performance in along-wind and crosswind directions, whereas Front-to-Back interference condition of Remodel-triangle-shape model has the best torsional performance. Back-to-Back interference of a Remodel-triangle-shape model should be avoided because the orientation of duplicate models attracts the most overturning moments in both the along-wind and crosswind directions of all interference conditions investigated in this study.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ortega, Carlos Naranjo, P. Torres, C. Madera, J. Marulanda, P. Thomson, G. Areiza
Abstract Reinforced concrete thin walls buildings have become one of the most common alternatives for housing construction in Colombia. However, some studies on this system have reported that walls have a limited deformation capacity and may suffer brittle failures. In this paper, a numerical model developed in OpenSees was used to represent the behavior of thin and slender reinforced concrete walls. The model was evaluated and fitted with the experimental response of two representative walls of this type of construction in high seismic hazard zone, in addition to the results of cyclic tests of other investigations with walls of similar characteristics. The experimental response of the walls indicated that, despite reaching a moderate deformation capacity, for the 1% drift limit, the level of damage was severe and lost 77% and 67% of their initial stiffness, respectively, which confirms that their performance is limited and provides a warning that the design practices may be insufficient. The numerical simulation correlated well with the experimental response in terms of displacement capacity, strength, and hysteric behavior.
{"title":"Evaluation and fitting of a numerical model for reinforced concrete thin walls through experimental results of monotonic and cyclic loading tests","authors":"R. Ortega, Carlos Naranjo, P. Torres, C. Madera, J. Marulanda, P. Thomson, G. Areiza","doi":"10.1590/1679-78256575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reinforced concrete thin walls buildings have become one of the most common alternatives for housing construction in Colombia. However, some studies on this system have reported that walls have a limited deformation capacity and may suffer brittle failures. In this paper, a numerical model developed in OpenSees was used to represent the behavior of thin and slender reinforced concrete walls. The model was evaluated and fitted with the experimental response of two representative walls of this type of construction in high seismic hazard zone, in addition to the results of cyclic tests of other investigations with walls of similar characteristics. The experimental response of the walls indicated that, despite reaching a moderate deformation capacity, for the 1% drift limit, the level of damage was severe and lost 77% and 67% of their initial stiffness, respectively, which confirms that their performance is limited and provides a warning that the design practices may be insufficient. The numerical simulation correlated well with the experimental response in terms of displacement capacity, strength, and hysteric behavior.","PeriodicalId":18192,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46688103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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