Pub Date : 2018-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1473013
K. D. Raj, G. Mathews, M. Bharath, R. L. Laju, P. Kumar, A. Arasamuthu, J. Edward
Abstract Corallivore animals play vital role in coral reef ecology. Predation on corals by other organisms has not been studied properly in the Indian waters. This study reports the first observation of predation by cushion star (Culcita schmideliana) on coral polyps in Gulf of Mannar (GoM), southeast India. During our regular underwater surveys in GoM, C. schmideliana was found preying on hard coral Acropora formosa and soft coral Sarcophyton sp. at a depth of 3 m in Vilanguchalli patch reef. Though C. schmideliana has been sighted often under water, it has not been observed to predate on corals in GoM before. The area where predation was observed has a major population of hard corals (50.21%) besides seagrasses (8.36%) and soft corals (6.11%). Temperature anomalies and the consequent coral bleaching could be the factors making C. schmideliana prefer coral polyps.
{"title":"Cushion star (Culcita schmideliana) preys on coral polyps in Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India","authors":"K. D. Raj, G. Mathews, M. Bharath, R. L. Laju, P. Kumar, A. Arasamuthu, J. Edward","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1473013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1473013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Corallivore animals play vital role in coral reef ecology. Predation on corals by other organisms has not been studied properly in the Indian waters. This study reports the first observation of predation by cushion star (Culcita schmideliana) on coral polyps in Gulf of Mannar (GoM), southeast India. During our regular underwater surveys in GoM, C. schmideliana was found preying on hard coral Acropora formosa and soft coral Sarcophyton sp. at a depth of 3 m in Vilanguchalli patch reef. Though C. schmideliana has been sighted often under water, it has not been observed to predate on corals in GoM before. The area where predation was observed has a major population of hard corals (50.21%) besides seagrasses (8.36%) and soft corals (6.11%). Temperature anomalies and the consequent coral bleaching could be the factors making C. schmideliana prefer coral polyps.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":"125 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74124551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1495547
Keishi Matsuda
ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the effects of internal illuminance and shelter shape on shelter selection by Japanese eels to enable the preservation or construction of suitable shelters for the Japanese eel. Japanese eels were able to distinguish a 1.25-fold difference in illumination inside the shelters, and preferred darker shelters. When the internal illumination of two shelters with the same shape was less than one-tenth of the ambient illumination (about 400 lx), shelter selection by Japanese eels was not affected by internal illuminance, even when there was a 10-fold difference in internal illumination between shelters. The width of the shelter was not important, but Japanese eels preferred a deep shelter with a low ceiling and walls that spread to a ‘dead end’. This has important implications on the creation of suitable shelters for Japanese eels.
{"title":"Internal illuminance and shelter shape affect shelter selection by the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica","authors":"Keishi Matsuda","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1495547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1495547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the effects of internal illuminance and shelter shape on shelter selection by Japanese eels to enable the preservation or construction of suitable shelters for the Japanese eel. Japanese eels were able to distinguish a 1.25-fold difference in illumination inside the shelters, and preferred darker shelters. When the internal illumination of two shelters with the same shape was less than one-tenth of the ambient illumination (about 400 lx), shelter selection by Japanese eels was not affected by internal illuminance, even when there was a 10-fold difference in internal illumination between shelters. The width of the shelter was not important, but Japanese eels preferred a deep shelter with a low ceiling and walls that spread to a ‘dead end’. This has important implications on the creation of suitable shelters for Japanese eels.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"135 22 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78863447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1505430
Alexander S. Himstead, W. G. Wright
ABSTRACT Most studies of foraging in shell-less gastropods have focused on the ubiquitous generalist sea hares (family Aplysiidae; subfamily Aplysiinae: Aplysia spp., Dolabella spp). Here we studied movement in a specialist sea hare (the seacat, Dolabrifera dolabrifera; subfamily Dolabriferinae). Seacats in each of 7 different tidepools on Isla Naos in the Gulf of Panama emerged precisely when the daytime ebbing tide fell below the height of their pool, returning to their hiding places within 1-3 hours. This short, precise foraging pattern contrasts sharply with long, variable schedule of the generalist sea-hares. Combined with their reduced chemical and behavioral defenses, these observations on seacats raise the possibility that they are avoiding predators during high tides and at night.
{"title":"Precise foraging schedule in an intertidal euopisthobranch mollusk","authors":"Alexander S. Himstead, W. G. Wright","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1505430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1505430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most studies of foraging in shell-less gastropods have focused on the ubiquitous generalist sea hares (family Aplysiidae; subfamily Aplysiinae: Aplysia spp., Dolabella spp). Here we studied movement in a specialist sea hare (the seacat, Dolabrifera dolabrifera; subfamily Dolabriferinae). Seacats in each of 7 different tidepools on Isla Naos in the Gulf of Panama emerged precisely when the daytime ebbing tide fell below the height of their pool, returning to their hiding places within 1-3 hours. This short, precise foraging pattern contrasts sharply with long, variable schedule of the generalist sea-hares. Combined with their reduced chemical and behavioral defenses, these observations on seacats raise the possibility that they are avoiding predators during high tides and at night.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"51 1","pages":"131 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90605965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1503935
S. Ravelo, C. Conaco
ABSTRACT Corals exhibit different responses to increasing temperature but it remains unclear whether this is determined exclusively by symbiont type or by intrinsic properties of the host. Here, we investigated the response to elevated temperature of symbionts of the same ITS2 type from three acroporid species from Bolinao, northwestern Philippines. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PSII was measured in symbionts subjected to 26°C (average winter temperature) and 31°C (average summer temperature) for up to 48 hrs. Greater reduction in Fv/Fm was observed for ex hospite than for in hospite symbionts. However, no significant differences in response could be discerned for symbionts associated with or originating from the different acroporids. Thus, while these findings confirm that the coral host can protect in hospite symbionts from temperature perturbations, for the acroporids in this study, there is still no evidence that host type confers differential thermal susceptibility to the symbionts or to the coral holobiont.
{"title":"Comparison of the response of in hospite and ex hospite Symbiodinium to elevated temperature","authors":"S. Ravelo, C. Conaco","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1503935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1503935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corals exhibit different responses to increasing temperature but it remains unclear whether this is determined exclusively by symbiont type or by intrinsic properties of the host. Here, we investigated the response to elevated temperature of symbionts of the same ITS2 type from three acroporid species from Bolinao, northwestern Philippines. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PSII was measured in symbionts subjected to 26°C (average winter temperature) and 31°C (average summer temperature) for up to 48 hrs. Greater reduction in Fv/Fm was observed for ex hospite than for in hospite symbionts. However, no significant differences in response could be discerned for symbionts associated with or originating from the different acroporids. Thus, while these findings confirm that the coral host can protect in hospite symbionts from temperature perturbations, for the acroporids in this study, there is still no evidence that host type confers differential thermal susceptibility to the symbionts or to the coral holobiont.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"108 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73984757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1439337
Weizhengrong Zhou, Xiaoshuai Huang, Xiaomei Xu
Abstract Offshore anthropogenic activities often produce high levels of noise below 1000 Hz, which can be serious threats to aquatic crustaceans based on the knowledge about their acoustic sensitive bandwidth. This study simulated noise with main frequency band similar to common underwater engineering noises, and examined its effects on movement behavior and physiological response, indicated by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression, of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Experiments were conducted in the tanks, equipped with hydrophone, transducer, and video recording system, using juvenile S. paramamosain. Three acoustic stimulations with ascending levels were separately imposed on the animals. Results showed that the linear sweep with the sound power spectral density greater than 110 dB re 1μPa2/Hz in total bandwidth (100–1000 Hz), and 155 dB re 1μPa2/Hz within 600–800 Hz, could increase locomotor activities and HSP70 gene expression significantly.
海洋人为活动经常产生低于1000 Hz的高水平噪声，根据对水生甲壳类动物声敏感带宽的了解，这些噪声可能对水生甲壳类动物构成严重威胁。本研究模拟了与常见水下工程噪声相似的主频段噪声，以热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)基因表达为指标，研究了噪声对泥蟹Scylla paramamosain运动行为和生理反应的影响。实验在装有水听器、换能器和录像系统的水箱中进行，实验材料为paramamosain幼鱼。分别对动物施加三种强度递增的声刺激。结果表明，总带宽(100 ~ 1000 Hz)声功率谱密度大于110 dB re 1μPa2/Hz, 600 ~ 800 Hz范围内声功率谱密度大于155 dB re 1μPa2/Hz的线性扫描可显著提高运动活动和HSP70基因表达。
{"title":"Changes of movement behavior and HSP70 gene expression in the hemocytes of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in response to acoustic stimulation","authors":"Weizhengrong Zhou, Xiaoshuai Huang, Xiaomei Xu","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1439337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1439337","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Offshore anthropogenic activities often produce high levels of noise below 1000 Hz, which can be serious threats to aquatic crustaceans based on the knowledge about their acoustic sensitive bandwidth. This study simulated noise with main frequency band similar to common underwater engineering noises, and examined its effects on movement behavior and physiological response, indicated by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression, of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Experiments were conducted in the tanks, equipped with hydrophone, transducer, and video recording system, using juvenile S. paramamosain. Three acoustic stimulations with ascending levels were separately imposed on the animals. Results showed that the linear sweep with the sound power spectral density greater than 110 dB re 1μPa2/Hz in total bandwidth (100–1000 Hz), and 155 dB re 1μPa2/Hz within 600–800 Hz, could increase locomotor activities and HSP70 gene expression significantly.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"14 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89500629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1447850
Andressa de Souza Lima Rodrigues, K. G. Gnocchi, Frederico Augusto Cariello Delunardo, L. Medeiros, J. Merçon, L. C. Gomes
Abstract Oxidative stress and hypoxia responses in Centropomus parallelus exposed to three different concentrations of nitrite (0, 0.5, and 10 mg L−1) were evaluated. To determinate toxicity, we used enzymatic analyses and quantifications of oxygen consumption and opercular beats under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. There was no significant difference in GST, CAT, or GPx enzymes in the liver or in GPx in the gills. Levels of GST were altered at a concentration of 10 mg L−1 in experiment I. Experiment II displayed alterations for GST and CAT in the liver at the same concentration, indicating that exposure to nitrite does not generate differentiated activation in the body’s defense system by the production of oxidative stress enzymes. When nitrite was associated with hypoxia, there was a significant increase in both enzymatic activity and opercular beating under hypoxia in the group exposed to 10 mg L−1 nitrite compared to the control.
{"title":"Acute toxicity of nitrite in fat snook (Centropomus parallelus)","authors":"Andressa de Souza Lima Rodrigues, K. G. Gnocchi, Frederico Augusto Cariello Delunardo, L. Medeiros, J. Merçon, L. C. Gomes","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1447850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1447850","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oxidative stress and hypoxia responses in Centropomus parallelus exposed to three different concentrations of nitrite (0, 0.5, and 10 mg L−1) were evaluated. To determinate toxicity, we used enzymatic analyses and quantifications of oxygen consumption and opercular beats under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. There was no significant difference in GST, CAT, or GPx enzymes in the liver or in GPx in the gills. Levels of GST were altered at a concentration of 10 mg L−1 in experiment I. Experiment II displayed alterations for GST and CAT in the liver at the same concentration, indicating that exposure to nitrite does not generate differentiated activation in the body’s defense system by the production of oxidative stress enzymes. When nitrite was associated with hypoxia, there was a significant increase in both enzymatic activity and opercular beating under hypoxia in the group exposed to 10 mg L−1 nitrite compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"72 1","pages":"44 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1442176
Rene Navarro, Harro A. J. Meijer, Leslie G. Underhill, R. Mullers
Abstract Cape gannet Morus capensis chicks depend entirely on fish prey and metabolic water for water requirements during development. Water loss through evaporative cooling due to heat stress is substantial. We measured water flux and field metabolic rates (FMR) of Cape gannet chicks and adults to determine if gannets developed water saving strategies. The water economy index (WEI, g kJ−1) decreased with chick age according to the model WEI = 0.676 – 0.272 × log10(t), indicating that water efficiency increased with age. At fledging, the WEI of chicks was at the level expected of adult desert birds. Desert birds maintain a low WEI by also having a low FMR, whereas Cape gannet chicks have FMR comparable to other seabird species’ nestling requirements. We propose that maintaining low WEI is adaptive for Cape gannets because (1) chicks need to balance water loss through evaporative cooling, (2) fledglings need to overcome a period of up to a week when they cannot ingest any water and (3) adults spend extended periods in the breeding colony during which water can become a limiting factor. Understanding the physiological mechanism of maintaining low WEI will become increasingly important with future rising temperatures.
摘要塘鹅幼崽在发育过程中完全依靠鱼类猎物和代谢水来满足水分需求。由于热应力引起的蒸发冷却造成的水分损失是相当大的。为了确定塘鹅是否有节水策略，我们测量了塘鹅雏鸟和成鸟的水通量和田间代谢率(FMR)。水经济指数(WEI, g kJ−1)随着鸡龄的增加而降低，表明水分利用效率随着鸡龄的增加而增加。在羽翼发育阶段，雏鸟的WEI达到了预期的成年沙漠鸟的水平。沙漠鸟类通过较低的FMR来维持较低的WEI，而角塘鹅雏鸟的FMR与其他海鸟的雏鸟需求相当。我们认为维持低WEI对角塘鹅来说是适应性的，因为(1)雏鸟需要通过蒸发冷却来平衡水分流失，(2)雏鸟需要克服长达一周的时间，因为它们不能摄入任何水，(3)成年鸟在繁殖群体中度过较长的时间，在此期间水可能成为限制因素。随着未来气温的升高，了解维持低WEI的生理机制将变得越来越重要。
{"title":"Extreme water efficiency of Cape gannet Morus capensis chicks as an adaptation to water scarcity and heat stress in the breeding colony","authors":"Rene Navarro, Harro A. J. Meijer, Leslie G. Underhill, R. Mullers","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1442176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1442176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cape gannet Morus capensis chicks depend entirely on fish prey and metabolic water for water requirements during development. Water loss through evaporative cooling due to heat stress is substantial. We measured water flux and field metabolic rates (FMR) of Cape gannet chicks and adults to determine if gannets developed water saving strategies. The water economy index (WEI, g kJ−1) decreased with chick age according to the model WEI = 0.676 – 0.272 × log10(t), indicating that water efficiency increased with age. At fledging, the WEI of chicks was at the level expected of adult desert birds. Desert birds maintain a low WEI by also having a low FMR, whereas Cape gannet chicks have FMR comparable to other seabird species’ nestling requirements. We propose that maintaining low WEI is adaptive for Cape gannets because (1) chicks need to balance water loss through evaporative cooling, (2) fledglings need to overcome a period of up to a week when they cannot ingest any water and (3) adults spend extended periods in the breeding colony during which water can become a limiting factor. Understanding the physiological mechanism of maintaining low WEI will become increasingly important with future rising temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"30 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89896737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1473711
S. Touaylia, A. Khazri, A. Mezni, M. Béjaoui
Abstract Pyrethroids, the widely used pesticides, are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, little information is available on their toxicity on crustaceans. We utilized imagoes of Echinogammarus tacapensis to elucidate the effects of sublethal concentrations of permethrin. The LC50 (48, 72, and 96 h) was assessed considering several pesticide concentrations (ranging between 0.5 and 100 ng L−1) using the Regtox package and were found to be 13.88, 8.974, and 4.259 ng L−1, respectively. The biomarkers’ response was analyzed using animals exposed to 0.35, 0.7, and 1.4 ng/L of permethrin for 4 days. The catalase activity was significantly induced after 48 h of exposure to the three permethrin concentrations. Additionally, the glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, exposed to C1 (0.35 ng L−1), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed no significant change compared to control values. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rate was found to be similar to the SOD variation. Our findings suggest that permethrin poses a potential threat to freshwater amphipods and thus, the test species can be a useful tool for pesticide toxicity biomonitoring due to their small size, easy husbandry, short life cycle, and high fecundity.
摘要拟除虫菊酯是一种广泛使用的农药，对水生生物具有很高的毒性。然而，关于它们对甲壳类动物的毒性的信息很少。本研究利用塔卡普棘球鼠影像，探讨氯菊酯亚致死浓度对棘球鼠的影响。使用Regtox包装评估了几种农药浓度(0.5 ~ 100 ng L−1)，LC50(48、72和96 h)分别为13.88、8.974和4.259 ng L−1。对暴露于0.35、0.7和1.4 ng/L氯菊酯4天的动物进行生物标志物反应分析。三种氯菊酯浓度处理48 h后，过氧化氢酶活性均显著升高。此外，谷胱甘肽s -转移酶活性呈浓度依赖性增加。然而，暴露于C1 (0.35 ng L−1)下，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与对照组相比没有显著变化。过氧化氢(H2O2)速率与SOD的变化相似。研究结果表明，氯菊酯对淡水片脚类动物具有潜在的危害，该试验种具有体积小、易于饲养、生命周期短、繁殖力高等特点，可作为农药毒性生物监测的有效工具。
{"title":"Effect of permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) on the biochemical response of the freshwater amphipod Echinogammarus tacapensis (Chevreux and Gauthier, 1924)","authors":"S. Touaylia, A. Khazri, A. Mezni, M. Béjaoui","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1473711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1473711","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pyrethroids, the widely used pesticides, are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, little information is available on their toxicity on crustaceans. We utilized imagoes of Echinogammarus tacapensis to elucidate the effects of sublethal concentrations of permethrin. The LC50 (48, 72, and 96 h) was assessed considering several pesticide concentrations (ranging between 0.5 and 100 ng L−1) using the Regtox package and were found to be 13.88, 8.974, and 4.259 ng L−1, respectively. The biomarkers’ response was analyzed using animals exposed to 0.35, 0.7, and 1.4 ng/L of permethrin for 4 days. The catalase activity was significantly induced after 48 h of exposure to the three permethrin concentrations. Additionally, the glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, exposed to C1 (0.35 ng L−1), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed no significant change compared to control values. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rate was found to be similar to the SOD variation. Our findings suggest that permethrin poses a potential threat to freshwater amphipods and thus, the test species can be a useful tool for pesticide toxicity biomonitoring due to their small size, easy husbandry, short life cycle, and high fecundity.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"57 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82502393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2017.1420421
D. Taira, T. Toh, C. L. Ng, H. Loke, L. Afiq-Rosli, P. Cabaitan, K. Toh, Rosa Celia Poquita-Du, L. Chou, Tiancheng Song
Abstract The recovery of bleached corals is crucial in ensuring the persistence of the coral reef ecosystem function. This study investigated whether relocating bleached Platygyra sinensis colonies was a viable measure to accelerate their recovery. During a mild bleaching event in 2014, eight bleached colonies of P. sinensis were relocated from an affected reef at Sultan Shoal, Singapore, to a reef at Kusu that was less impacted. Another eight colonies at Sultan Shoal were tagged as controls. After five months, 88% of relocated bleached colonies at Kusu showed full recovery whereas only 25% of the control bleached colonies at Sultan Shoal had recovered. The differential coral recovery among the two sites was most likely due to lower seawater temperatures and faster water flow at Kusu, which helped to mitigate the effects of thermal stress on the bleached corals. This relocation study demonstrated that relocating bleached P. sinensis to sites with more favourable environmental conditions is a viable approach to reduce bleaching impacts for this species.
{"title":"Relocating bleached Platygyra sinensis facilitates recovery from thermal stress during a minor bleaching event","authors":"D. Taira, T. Toh, C. L. Ng, H. Loke, L. Afiq-Rosli, P. Cabaitan, K. Toh, Rosa Celia Poquita-Du, L. Chou, Tiancheng Song","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2017.1420421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2017.1420421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recovery of bleached corals is crucial in ensuring the persistence of the coral reef ecosystem function. This study investigated whether relocating bleached Platygyra sinensis colonies was a viable measure to accelerate their recovery. During a mild bleaching event in 2014, eight bleached colonies of P. sinensis were relocated from an affected reef at Sultan Shoal, Singapore, to a reef at Kusu that was less impacted. Another eight colonies at Sultan Shoal were tagged as controls. After five months, 88% of relocated bleached colonies at Kusu showed full recovery whereas only 25% of the control bleached colonies at Sultan Shoal had recovered. The differential coral recovery among the two sites was most likely due to lower seawater temperatures and faster water flow at Kusu, which helped to mitigate the effects of thermal stress on the bleached corals. This relocation study demonstrated that relocating bleached P. sinensis to sites with more favourable environmental conditions is a viable approach to reduce bleaching impacts for this species.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"74 5 1","pages":"375 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73720068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2017.1416269
Xu Pang, S. Fu, Yao-guang Zhang
Abstract Studies of individual variation in the physiological performance of animals and their relationship with metabolism may provide insight into how selection influences diversity in phenotypic traits. Thus, the aims of the present study were to investigate variation in thermal tolerance and its relationship with individual metabolism in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). To fulfill our goal, we first measured the resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), metabolic scope (MS, MMR–RMR) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of 40 fish at 25 °C. We then measured the critical thermal minimum (CTmin), lethal thermal minimum (LTmin), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and lethal thermal maximum (LTmax) of 20 fish. Both MMR and MS were positively correlated with the metabolic recovery rate (MRR) (p = 0.001), indicating that high aerobic metabolic performance individuals possessed an advantage for the recovery of anaerobic metabolism. However, the negative correlation between EPOC and MRR (p = 0.017) indicated a slow recovery of the metabolism of high anaerobic metabolic capacity individuals. The RMR was positively correlated with CTmin and LTmin, whereas all of the metabolic rate parameters (RMR, MMR, and MS) were negatively correlated with CTmax and LTmax (p < 0.05), indicating that high aerobic metabolic performance individuals have a weakened thermal tolerance. These results suggested that there is a trade-off between aerobic metabolic performance and thermal tolerance.
{"title":"Individual variation in metabolism and thermal tolerance in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis)","authors":"Xu Pang, S. Fu, Yao-guang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2017.1416269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2017.1416269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Studies of individual variation in the physiological performance of animals and their relationship with metabolism may provide insight into how selection influences diversity in phenotypic traits. Thus, the aims of the present study were to investigate variation in thermal tolerance and its relationship with individual metabolism in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). To fulfill our goal, we first measured the resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), metabolic scope (MS, MMR–RMR) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of 40 fish at 25 °C. We then measured the critical thermal minimum (CTmin), lethal thermal minimum (LTmin), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and lethal thermal maximum (LTmax) of 20 fish. Both MMR and MS were positively correlated with the metabolic recovery rate (MRR) (p = 0.001), indicating that high aerobic metabolic performance individuals possessed an advantage for the recovery of anaerobic metabolism. However, the negative correlation between EPOC and MRR (p = 0.017) indicated a slow recovery of the metabolism of high anaerobic metabolic capacity individuals. The RMR was positively correlated with CTmin and LTmin, whereas all of the metabolic rate parameters (RMR, MMR, and MS) were negatively correlated with CTmax and LTmax (p < 0.05), indicating that high aerobic metabolic performance individuals have a weakened thermal tolerance. These results suggested that there is a trade-off between aerobic metabolic performance and thermal tolerance.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"359 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83085850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：