Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1522931
Tara E. Prestholdt, Matthew L. Ortman, Timothy Luethke
ABSTRACT Locomotion has been a well-studied avenue for questions regarding the costs of autotomy. However, previous studies have focused on traditional means of locomotion such as walking, running, or swimming; an unexplored aspect of locomotion as it relates to the costs of autotomy is the dorso-ventral righting reflex, or DVRR. Using a comprehensive set of treatment groups, we explored how autotomy affects the DVRR in the crab Hemigrapsus nudus. Our results suggested that missing walking legs had no impact on an animal’s ability to complete the DVRR. However, the enlarged claws of males were shown to impede the speed at which males can right themselves out of the compromising, supine position. This is a novel example of how a sexually selected trait can negatively affect animal locomotion.
{"title":"The dorso-ventral righting reflex of purple shore crabs is impeded by sexually selected claws but not by leg autotomy","authors":"Tara E. Prestholdt, Matthew L. Ortman, Timothy Luethke","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1522931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1522931","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Locomotion has been a well-studied avenue for questions regarding the costs of autotomy. However, previous studies have focused on traditional means of locomotion such as walking, running, or swimming; an unexplored aspect of locomotion as it relates to the costs of autotomy is the dorso-ventral righting reflex, or DVRR. Using a comprehensive set of treatment groups, we explored how autotomy affects the DVRR in the crab Hemigrapsus nudus. Our results suggested that missing walking legs had no impact on an animal’s ability to complete the DVRR. However, the enlarged claws of males were shown to impede the speed at which males can right themselves out of the compromising, supine position. This is a novel example of how a sexually selected trait can negatively affect animal locomotion.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"112 1","pages":"215 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1523678
L. D. de Oliveira, F. Zara
ABSTRACT The male reproductive system of Amazon freshwater crabs Sylviocarcinus pictus and Dilocarcinus pagei were described and compared in terms of anatomy and histochemistry In addition, sperm transfer experiments of D. pagei with sequential copulations were performed and the anatomy of the seminal receptacle was checked. The anatomy of the male reproductive system of both species is an inverted ‘U’ shape, connected by the testes, from which the pair of vas deferens divided into anterior, median and posterior regions depart. Sylviocarcinus pictus and D. pagei revealed coenospermia, which differed from the families of freshwater crabs in Southeast Asia. The histochemical composition of the seminal fluid is similar in both Trichodactylidae, following the pattern described for most Brachyura. Through the copulation experiments and anatomical results, these animals do not show a sperm plug, but rather form different sperm packs when engaging in multiple copulations with different males.
{"title":"An investigation into the male reproductive system of two freshwater crabs from the Amazon: is there a sperm plug or packet formation?","authors":"L. D. de Oliveira, F. Zara","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1523678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1523678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The male reproductive system of Amazon freshwater crabs Sylviocarcinus pictus and Dilocarcinus pagei were described and compared in terms of anatomy and histochemistry In addition, sperm transfer experiments of D. pagei with sequential copulations were performed and the anatomy of the seminal receptacle was checked. The anatomy of the male reproductive system of both species is an inverted ‘U’ shape, connected by the testes, from which the pair of vas deferens divided into anterior, median and posterior regions depart. Sylviocarcinus pictus and D. pagei revealed coenospermia, which differed from the families of freshwater crabs in Southeast Asia. The histochemical composition of the seminal fluid is similar in both Trichodactylidae, following the pattern described for most Brachyura. Through the copulation experiments and anatomical results, these animals do not show a sperm plug, but rather form different sperm packs when engaging in multiple copulations with different males.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"227 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89609194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1543544
Mary F. Durham, Chan Lin, T. Cronin
ABSTRACT Stomatopod crustaceans have highly mobile, independently moving compound eyes that are sensitive to both linearly and circularly polarized light. They rotate their eyes to predictable angles when viewing a linearly polarized target, and they scan their eyes frequently to sample the visual field. Angles of scans are roughly perpendicular to the plane of the midband (a set of specialized parallel rows of equatorial ommatidia). We investigated scanning eye movements in one Caribbean stomatopod species (Neogonodactylus oerstedii) in uniform visual fields that were vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, or depolarized. We found that mean eye rotation and scan angles differed significantly among these different treatments. Average scan angles differed by 12°, being more horizontal in a vertically polarized field than in a horizontally polarized one, and also more horizontal in a vertically polarized field than in a depolarized field. Thus, these stomatopods adjusted visual scanning to the polarization of the visual environment.
{"title":"Scanning eye movements of the stomatopod crustacean, Neogonodactylus oerstedii, in polarized light fields","authors":"Mary F. Durham, Chan Lin, T. Cronin","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1543544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1543544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stomatopod crustaceans have highly mobile, independently moving compound eyes that are sensitive to both linearly and circularly polarized light. They rotate their eyes to predictable angles when viewing a linearly polarized target, and they scan their eyes frequently to sample the visual field. Angles of scans are roughly perpendicular to the plane of the midband (a set of specialized parallel rows of equatorial ommatidia). We investigated scanning eye movements in one Caribbean stomatopod species (Neogonodactylus oerstedii) in uniform visual fields that were vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, or depolarized. We found that mean eye rotation and scan angles differed significantly among these different treatments. Average scan angles differed by 12°, being more horizontal in a vertically polarized field than in a horizontally polarized one, and also more horizontal in a vertically polarized field than in a depolarized field. Thus, these stomatopods adjusted visual scanning to the polarization of the visual environment.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"263 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89911591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1509674
Tara E. Prestholdt, Stephanie M. Rager, Jake N. Williams, C. Weilhoefer
ABSTRACT Autotomy is the ability to shed an appendage, and arthropods can autotomize to escape predation or a fouled molting event. Myriad aspects of autotomy have been previously explored, yet quantitative data on the force needed to induce autotomy is lacking. We tested three leg types in Hemigrapsus nudus, and our results showed that hind legs require the most amount of force to autotomize (~45 N-s) compared to claws (~28 N-s) or middle walking legs (~22 N-s). These results rejected our null hypothesis that all legs require an equal amount of force to autotomize as well as our alternate hypothesis that larger legs would require more force than smaller legs. Previous research has suggested that the propensity to autotomize could correlate with the type of appendage, and while we are unable to provide an evolutionary explanation for our results, it is exciting to have some quantitative force data for future studies.
{"title":"The force needed for leg autotomy in the crab Hemigrapsus nudus","authors":"Tara E. Prestholdt, Stephanie M. Rager, Jake N. Williams, C. Weilhoefer","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1509674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1509674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Autotomy is the ability to shed an appendage, and arthropods can autotomize to escape predation or a fouled molting event. Myriad aspects of autotomy have been previously explored, yet quantitative data on the force needed to induce autotomy is lacking. We tested three leg types in Hemigrapsus nudus, and our results showed that hind legs require the most amount of force to autotomize (~45 N-s) compared to claws (~28 N-s) or middle walking legs (~22 N-s). These results rejected our null hypothesis that all legs require an equal amount of force to autotomize as well as our alternate hypothesis that larger legs would require more force than smaller legs. Previous research has suggested that the propensity to autotomize could correlate with the type of appendage, and while we are unable to provide an evolutionary explanation for our results, it is exciting to have some quantitative force data for future studies.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"175 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1517018
J. Baeyaert, D. Abecasis, P. Afonso, G. Graça, Karim Erzini, J. Fontes
A holistic understanding of the life-history strategies of marine populations is often hindered by complex population dynamics, exacerbated by an intricate movement ecology across their life history (Nathan et al. 2008; Parsons et al. 2008; Jeltsch et al. 2013). Movement patterns and spatial ecology can vary spatially and temporally for different reasons, mainly related to the organism’s life history and environmental variability (Abecasis et al. 2009, 2013; Afonso et al. 2009). Changes in spatial use and movement can occur daily when visiting feeding grounds or avoiding predators, or seasonally, when sexually mature individuals migrate to spawning/breeding grounds (Kozakiewicz 1995; Sundström et al. 2001). However, observed shifts in spatial use and movement patterns, as a result of behavioural plasticity, may also vary greatly from one individual to another of the same species and/or population (Afonso et al. 2009). Further, ontogeny can also play an important role and explain a possible change in individual spatial variation. Noticeable differences in the behaviour and movements of mature and immature individuals have been documented in various marine organisms (Lowe et al. 1996; Lecchini and Galzin 2005). Permanent habitat shifts have been associated with ontogenesis in pigeye sharks (Carcharhinus amboinensis), moving from inshore to offshore areas after reaching maturity (Knip et al. 2011). Hence, a relevant debate lies in the implications of ‘solo datasets’ and the potential pertinence of the patterns an individual dataset could uncover. Data deficiency can be the primary barrier to efficient marine conservation and management, and while longterm species-specific data are often lacking (Broderick 2015), it appears worthwhile to investigate patterns exhibited by single individuals as a baseline to address further research projects more thoroughly. Relatively, long-term monitoring of a unique specimen can reveal extraordinary, previously unexpected behaviours. For instance, using a ‘solo dataset’ from a scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, Spaet et al. (2017)
对海洋种群生活史策略的整体理解往往受到复杂种群动态的阻碍，而在其生活史中，错综复杂的运动生态又加剧了这一点(Nathan et al. 2008;Parsons et al. 2008;Jeltsch et al. 2013)。由于不同的原因，运动模式和空间生态可以在空间和时间上发生变化，主要与生物体的生活史和环境变异有关(Abecasis et al. 2009, 2013;Afonso et al. 2009)。空间利用和运动的变化可以在每天访问觅食地或躲避捕食者时发生，也可以在性成熟个体迁移到产卵/繁殖地时发生季节性变化(Kozakiewicz 1995;Sundström et al. 2001)。然而，由于行为可塑性，观察到的空间利用和移动模式的变化也可能在同一物种和/或种群的个体之间存在很大差异(Afonso et al. 2009)。此外，个体发生也可以发挥重要作用，解释个体空间变异的可能变化。在各种海洋生物中，成熟个体和未成熟个体的行为和运动有明显差异(Lowe等人，1996;Lecchini and Galzin 2005)。猪眼鲨(Carcharhinus amboinensis)的永久栖息地转移与个体发育有关，在成熟后从近海区域转移到近海区域(Knip et al. 2011)。因此，一个相关的争论在于“单独数据集”的含义和单个数据集可能揭示的模式的潜在相关性。数据不足可能是有效的海洋保护和管理的主要障碍，虽然长期的特定物种数据往往缺乏(Broderick 2015)，但似乎值得调查单个个体表现出的模式，作为基线，以更彻底地解决进一步的研究项目。相对而言，对一个独特标本的长期监测可以揭示出非同寻常的、以前意想不到的行为。例如，使用扇贝双髻鲨的“单独数据集”，Sphyrna lewini, Spaet等人(2017)。
{"title":"‘Solo datasets’: unexpected behavioural patterns uncovered by acoustic monitoring of single individuals","authors":"J. Baeyaert, D. Abecasis, P. Afonso, G. Graça, Karim Erzini, J. Fontes","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1517018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1517018","url":null,"abstract":"A holistic understanding of the life-history strategies of marine populations is often hindered by complex population dynamics, exacerbated by an intricate movement ecology across their life history (Nathan et al. 2008; Parsons et al. 2008; Jeltsch et al. 2013). Movement patterns and spatial ecology can vary spatially and temporally for different reasons, mainly related to the organism’s life history and environmental variability (Abecasis et al. 2009, 2013; Afonso et al. 2009). Changes in spatial use and movement can occur daily when visiting feeding grounds or avoiding predators, or seasonally, when sexually mature individuals migrate to spawning/breeding grounds (Kozakiewicz 1995; Sundström et al. 2001). However, observed shifts in spatial use and movement patterns, as a result of behavioural plasticity, may also vary greatly from one individual to another of the same species and/or population (Afonso et al. 2009). Further, ontogeny can also play an important role and explain a possible change in individual spatial variation. Noticeable differences in the behaviour and movements of mature and immature individuals have been documented in various marine organisms (Lowe et al. 1996; Lecchini and Galzin 2005). Permanent habitat shifts have been associated with ontogenesis in pigeye sharks (Carcharhinus amboinensis), moving from inshore to offshore areas after reaching maturity (Knip et al. 2011). Hence, a relevant debate lies in the implications of ‘solo datasets’ and the potential pertinence of the patterns an individual dataset could uncover. Data deficiency can be the primary barrier to efficient marine conservation and management, and while longterm species-specific data are often lacking (Broderick 2015), it appears worthwhile to investigate patterns exhibited by single individuals as a baseline to address further research projects more thoroughly. Relatively, long-term monitoring of a unique specimen can reveal extraordinary, previously unexpected behaviours. For instance, using a ‘solo dataset’ from a scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, Spaet et al. (2017)","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"183 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83290072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1502031
R. Simonini, Isabella Maletti, Sara Righi, S. Fai, D. Prevedelli
ABSTRACT The bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) is an amphinomid polychaete with a circumtropical Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution. In the Mediterranean Sea, very little information is available on its feeding habits and ecological functions. Here, its increasing abundance and the ability to actively prey on a keystone sea urchin species suggest potential repercussions for the structure and functioning of benthic communities. We performed laboratory feeding experiments to investigate interactions between Mediterranean H. carunculata and 12 species of sessile or sedentary invertebrates. H. carunculata preyed efficiently on 9 of the species offered. In particular, active predation of a polychaete upon nudibranchs, colonial ascidians and chitons was reported for the first time. Fireworms’ predatory ability may be due to a combination of several ‘weapons’ (large size, motility, stinging chaetae and eversible, sucking pharynx) which seems to be unique among marine worms, and could enable H. carunculata to persist also after radical changes in prey community composition and withstand selective pressures associated with ongoing environmental changes.
{"title":"Laboratory observations on predator–prey interactions between the bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) and Mediterranean benthic invertebrates","authors":"R. Simonini, Isabella Maletti, Sara Righi, S. Fai, D. Prevedelli","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1502031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1502031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) is an amphinomid polychaete with a circumtropical Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution. In the Mediterranean Sea, very little information is available on its feeding habits and ecological functions. Here, its increasing abundance and the ability to actively prey on a keystone sea urchin species suggest potential repercussions for the structure and functioning of benthic communities. We performed laboratory feeding experiments to investigate interactions between Mediterranean H. carunculata and 12 species of sessile or sedentary invertebrates. H. carunculata preyed efficiently on 9 of the species offered. In particular, active predation of a polychaete upon nudibranchs, colonial ascidians and chitons was reported for the first time. Fireworms’ predatory ability may be due to a combination of several ‘weapons’ (large size, motility, stinging chaetae and eversible, sucking pharynx) which seems to be unique among marine worms, and could enable H. carunculata to persist also after radical changes in prey community composition and withstand selective pressures associated with ongoing environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"72 1","pages":"145 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86155403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1503541
U. Obertegger, A. Cieplinski, Michael Raatz, Pierluigi Colangeli
ABSTRACT Swimming is of vital importance for aquatic organisms because it determines several aspects of fitness, such as encounter rates with food, predators, and mates. Generally, rotifer swimming speed is measured by manual tracking of the swimming paths filmed in videos. Recently, an open-source package has been developed that integrates different open-source software and allows direct processing and analysis of the swimming paths of moving organisms. Here, we filmed groups of females and males of Keratella cochlearis separately and in a mixed experimental setup. We extracted movement trajectories and swimming speeds and applied the classification method random forest to assign sex to individuals of the mixed setup. Finally, we used advanced statistical methods of movement ecology, namely a hidden Markov model, to investigate swimming states of females and males. When not discriminating swimming states, females swam faster than males, while when discriminating states males swam faster. Specifically, females and males showed two main states of movement with many individuals switching between states resulting in four modes of swimming. We suggest that switching between states is related to predator avoidance. Males of K. cochlearis especially exhibited switching between turning in a restricted area and swimming over longer distances. No mating or other male–female interactions were observed. Our study elucidates the steps necessary for automatic analysis of rotifer trajectories with open-source software. Application of sophisticated software and analytical models will broaden our understanding of zooplankton ecology from the individual to the population level.
{"title":"Switching between swimming states in rotifers – case study Keratella cochlearis","authors":"U. Obertegger, A. Cieplinski, Michael Raatz, Pierluigi Colangeli","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1503541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1503541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Swimming is of vital importance for aquatic organisms because it determines several aspects of fitness, such as encounter rates with food, predators, and mates. Generally, rotifer swimming speed is measured by manual tracking of the swimming paths filmed in videos. Recently, an open-source package has been developed that integrates different open-source software and allows direct processing and analysis of the swimming paths of moving organisms. Here, we filmed groups of females and males of Keratella cochlearis separately and in a mixed experimental setup. We extracted movement trajectories and swimming speeds and applied the classification method random forest to assign sex to individuals of the mixed setup. Finally, we used advanced statistical methods of movement ecology, namely a hidden Markov model, to investigate swimming states of females and males. When not discriminating swimming states, females swam faster than males, while when discriminating states males swam faster. Specifically, females and males showed two main states of movement with many individuals switching between states resulting in four modes of swimming. We suggest that switching between states is related to predator avoidance. Males of K. cochlearis especially exhibited switching between turning in a restricted area and swimming over longer distances. No mating or other male–female interactions were observed. Our study elucidates the steps necessary for automatic analysis of rotifer trajectories with open-source software. Application of sophisticated software and analytical models will broaden our understanding of zooplankton ecology from the individual to the population level.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"70 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80294997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1521701
D. Wildish, L. Pavesi, S. Robinson
ABSTRACT Rates of oxygen consumption in seawater standardized for size (mass or body length) were compared for a representative supralittoral, wrack generalist talitrid – Platorchestia platensis and a representative driftwood, specialist talitrid – Macarorchestia remyi. Oxygen consumption in seawater was significantly less in M. remyi. This confirms the view that a reduced standard metabolic rate, and consequent reduction in growth rate and final size achieved, was an important physiological mechanism involved in dwarfism and adaptation to driftwood in M. remyi. Reduced standard metabolic rate in driftwood specialist talitrids is contrary to the metabolic theory of ecology.
{"title":"Comparing oxygen uptake rates of driftwood and wrack generalist talitrid amphipods","authors":"D. Wildish, L. Pavesi, S. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1521701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1521701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rates of oxygen consumption in seawater standardized for size (mass or body length) were compared for a representative supralittoral, wrack generalist talitrid – Platorchestia platensis and a representative driftwood, specialist talitrid – Macarorchestia remyi. Oxygen consumption in seawater was significantly less in M. remyi. This confirms the view that a reduced standard metabolic rate, and consequent reduction in growth rate and final size achieved, was an important physiological mechanism involved in dwarfism and adaptation to driftwood in M. remyi. Reduced standard metabolic rate in driftwood specialist talitrids is contrary to the metabolic theory of ecology.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"203 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73921562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The effects of meal size on the postprandial metabolic response and of digestion on the post-exercise metabolic recovery process were investigated in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) . Experimental fish were forcedly fed with compound feed (meal sizes: 0.5%, 1% and 2% body weight). Then, the postprandial oxygen consumption rate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of the experimental fish were measured. Both the duration and the peak of oxygen consumption rate (PMR) increased with increasing meal size. The peak post-exercise metabolic rate of digesting fish were significantly higher, whereas EPOC magnitude and its duration were significantly smaller or (shorter) than those in the fasting fish. It is suggested that (1) this fish fulfills the increased energy demand during the digestive process by increasing PMR and by prolonging SDA duration with increasing meal size and (2) digesting fish might decrease their anaerobic exhaustive activity but increase the post-exercise recovery capacity.
{"title":"The effects of meal size on postprandial metabolic response and post-exercise metabolic recovery process in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)","authors":"Xiu-Ming Li, S. Fu, Xiao-Jin Li, Hua Zheng, Jianglan Peng, Wei Wei, Xu Pang, Yao-guang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2018.1497427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2018.1497427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of meal size on the postprandial metabolic response and of digestion on the post-exercise metabolic recovery process were investigated in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) . Experimental fish were forcedly fed with compound feed (meal sizes: 0.5%, 1% and 2% body weight). Then, the postprandial oxygen consumption rate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of the experimental fish were measured. Both the duration and the peak of oxygen consumption rate (PMR) increased with increasing meal size. The peak post-exercise metabolic rate of digesting fish were significantly higher, whereas EPOC magnitude and its duration were significantly smaller or (shorter) than those in the fasting fish. It is suggested that (1) this fish fulfills the increased energy demand during the digestive process by increasing PMR and by prolonging SDA duration with increasing meal size and (2) digesting fish might decrease their anaerobic exhaustive activity but increase the post-exercise recovery capacity.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":"79 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75208064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2018.1474714
B. Griffen, T. Sipos
Abstract Metabolic rates provide an estimate of the cost of living for different organisms that can readily be compared across species to provide an estimate of their relative requirements for survival. As such, metabolic rates have been measured for decades on a wide range of organisms. Here, we review published estimates of metabolic rates for brachyuran crabs, a ubiquitous and ecologically and economically important group of consumers. Consistent with ecological theory and results in many other groups of animals, and after controlling for phylogenetic relationships, crab metabolic rates scale with body mass with a scaling exponent of 0.65. Similarly, as with other groups of poikilotherms, crab metabolic rates increase strongly with temperature, with a Q10 of 1.26. Additionally, we found that metabolic rates were correlated with ecological niche, varying with both the diet strategy and the habitat occupied. These results help clarify the relative risk to crabs from environmental changes that impose metabolic stress, including climate change and the proliferation of hypoxic zones.
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