Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1838244
V. Varma, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Jintu Vijayan, V. Binoy
ABSTRACT Many piscine species form fission-fusion societies where decisions to leave or join a shoal are influenced by factors such as shoal size, familiarity and species. Individuals exhibit distinct shoaling preferences based on behavioural traits such as boldness and sociability. In this study, we examined the link between shoaling decisions and behavioural traits in a hatchery reared population of an endangered megafish, the Deccan mahseer (Tor khudree). We found that this fish exhibits preference for larger shoals when presented with choices of 2 vs 4 and 2 vs 8 shoal sizes. However, no preference for isolated familiar or unfamiliar conspecifics over invasive heterospecifics was observed. Moreover, individual shoaling preferences did not correlate with their boldness or sociability. These results suggest that juvenile hatchery reared mahseers reintroduced into natural habitats may shoal with invasive species and modifying their social behaviour by amending rearing practices could improve outcomes of restocking interventions.
许多鱼类形成了裂变融合社会，在这种社会中，离开或加入鱼群的决定受到鱼群大小、熟悉度和种类等因素的影响。个体根据大胆和社交等行为特征表现出不同的浅滩偏好。在这项研究中，我们研究了在孵化场饲养的一种濒临灭绝的巨型鱼——德干mahseer (Tor khudree)——的鱼群决策和行为特征之间的联系。我们发现这种鱼在面对2 vs 4和2 vs 8鱼群大小的选择时，表现出对较大鱼群的偏好。然而，没有观察到孤立的熟悉或不熟悉的同种物种比侵入性异种物种更有偏好。此外，个体的浅滩偏好与他们的胆量或社交能力无关。这些结果表明，放归自然栖息地的马尾鱼可能会与入侵物种发生冲突，通过改变饲养方式来改变马尾鱼的社会行为可以改善放归干预的结果。
{"title":"Social decision making is influenced by size of shoal but not boldness, sociability or familiarity in Deccan mahseer (Tor khudree)","authors":"V. Varma, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Jintu Vijayan, V. Binoy","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1838244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1838244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many piscine species form fission-fusion societies where decisions to leave or join a shoal are influenced by factors such as shoal size, familiarity and species. Individuals exhibit distinct shoaling preferences based on behavioural traits such as boldness and sociability. In this study, we examined the link between shoaling decisions and behavioural traits in a hatchery reared population of an endangered megafish, the Deccan mahseer (Tor khudree). We found that this fish exhibits preference for larger shoals when presented with choices of 2 vs 4 and 2 vs 8 shoal sizes. However, no preference for isolated familiar or unfamiliar conspecifics over invasive heterospecifics was observed. Moreover, individual shoaling preferences did not correlate with their boldness or sociability. These results suggest that juvenile hatchery reared mahseers reintroduced into natural habitats may shoal with invasive species and modifying their social behaviour by amending rearing practices could improve outcomes of restocking interventions.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82438982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-24DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1810574
D. Bergman, P. Moore
ABSTRACT Current theory suggests that aggressive behavior in the crayfish is largely modulated and regulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). To test this theory that links serotonin to aggression, we performed a series of drug treatments using various serotonin-related chemicals to measure their effects on subsequent aggressive behavior. Treatments included serotonin, the serotonin precursor tryptophan, agonists: 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (m-CPP) and 5-Carboxy, an antagonist: cinanserin, and a serotonin receptor specific neurotoxin: 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate (5,7-DHT). Significant increases in aggression of Faxonius rusticus crayfish were observed when injected with serotonin and both agonists, however no decrease in aggression occurred with the antagonist. Crayfish injected with the agonist m-CPP increased aggression but did not directly confer success in fights. Our data support the current literature that the internal aggressive state of crayfish is altered by serotonin and its agonist/antagonists, however it does not on its own improve the aggressive fighting response and/or dominance status.
{"title":"Serotonergic-linked alterations of aggression of the crayfish","authors":"D. Bergman, P. Moore","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1810574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1810574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Current theory suggests that aggressive behavior in the crayfish is largely modulated and regulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). To test this theory that links serotonin to aggression, we performed a series of drug treatments using various serotonin-related chemicals to measure their effects on subsequent aggressive behavior. Treatments included serotonin, the serotonin precursor tryptophan, agonists: 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (m-CPP) and 5-Carboxy, an antagonist: cinanserin, and a serotonin receptor specific neurotoxin: 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate (5,7-DHT). Significant increases in aggression of Faxonius rusticus crayfish were observed when injected with serotonin and both agonists, however no decrease in aggression occurred with the antagonist. Crayfish injected with the agonist m-CPP increased aggression but did not directly confer success in fights. Our data support the current literature that the internal aggressive state of crayfish is altered by serotonin and its agonist/antagonists, however it does not on its own improve the aggressive fighting response and/or dominance status.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82695100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-12DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1804300
Jason T. Magnuson, J. Stieglitz, Skylar A. Garza, D. Benetti, M. Grosell, A. Roberts
ABSTRACT Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are photopic predators that rely on vision for predator avoidance and foraging behavior. Research conducted on Mahi-mahi vision has been primarily focused on adults, with limited knowledge of the visual function and eye development in early life-stages. In this study, larval Mahi-mahi were obtained from spawning wild-caught broodstock and exposed to an optomotor response assay to assess visual function. Following behavioral assessment, histological examination was conducted on the retinal layers to determine changes in eye morphology and visual acuity early in development. There was an age-dependent increase in the ability of Mahi-mahi to exhibit an optomotor response at increasing speeds. Furthermore, this corresponded to an increase in retinal area and lens thickness between 7 and 10 day post-hatch (dph) larvae, where anatomical visual acuity (measured as the minimum separable angle) also improved. These findings help further the knowledge of visual development in early life-stage pelagic fishes.
{"title":"Development of visual function in early life stage mahi-mahi (coryphaena hippurus)","authors":"Jason T. Magnuson, J. Stieglitz, Skylar A. Garza, D. Benetti, M. Grosell, A. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1804300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1804300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are photopic predators that rely on vision for predator avoidance and foraging behavior. Research conducted on Mahi-mahi vision has been primarily focused on adults, with limited knowledge of the visual function and eye development in early life-stages. In this study, larval Mahi-mahi were obtained from spawning wild-caught broodstock and exposed to an optomotor response assay to assess visual function. Following behavioral assessment, histological examination was conducted on the retinal layers to determine changes in eye morphology and visual acuity early in development. There was an age-dependent increase in the ability of Mahi-mahi to exhibit an optomotor response at increasing speeds. Furthermore, this corresponded to an increase in retinal area and lens thickness between 7 and 10 day post-hatch (dph) larvae, where anatomical visual acuity (measured as the minimum separable angle) also improved. These findings help further the knowledge of visual development in early life-stage pelagic fishes.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73512233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301
Hamed Abdolahi-Fini, A. Akbarzadeh, I. Sourinejad
ABSTRACT In this study, we explored the gill mRNA expression ofNa+/K+-ATPase α1 (NKAα1) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a(NKCC1a) in an amphibious mudskipper species, Periophthalmus waltoniat high salinities of mangrove tidal zones. Fish were exposed to four salinities including 35 (control), 45, 55, and 70 g kg−1. The branchial transcripts of NKAα1 were elevated in fish kept at 55 and 70 g kg−1 salinities with a strong elevation after medium-term (11 days) of exposure. No obvious changes were observed in NKCC1a expression among different salinity groups after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) of exposure, except for a medium-term strong upregulation of NKCC1agene at 55 g kg−1. The NKAα1 and NKCC1a expressions returned to baseline levels after the long term exposure salinity period, suggesting complete molecular and physiological acclimation.These results demonstrate the osmoregulatory role of ion transporter enzymes in acclimation of amphibious fish to high salinities.
摘要本研究探讨了高盐度红树林潮带水陆两栖泥鳉Na+/K+- atp酶α1 (NKAα1)和Na+/K+/2Cl−共转运体1a(NKCC1a)鳃mRNA的表达。鱼暴露在四种盐度下，分别为35(对照)、45、55和70 g kg - 1。在55和70 g kg - 1盐度条件下，NKAα1的鳃转录本升高，并在暴露中期(11天)后显著升高。短期(3天)和长期(21天)暴露后，NKCC1a基因在不同盐度组中的表达没有明显变化，但在55 g kg−1时，NKCC1a基因在中期出现强烈上调。NKAα1和NKCC1a的表达在长期暴露于盐度后恢复到基线水平，表明完全的分子和生理驯化。这些结果证明了离子转运酶在两栖鱼类适应高盐度环境中的渗透调节作用。
{"title":"Transcription of branchial ion transporter genes in response to high salinity in the amphibious, inter-tidal mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni","authors":"Hamed Abdolahi-Fini, A. Akbarzadeh, I. Sourinejad","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we explored the gill mRNA expression ofNa+/K+-ATPase α1 (NKAα1) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a(NKCC1a) in an amphibious mudskipper species, Periophthalmus waltoniat high salinities of mangrove tidal zones. Fish were exposed to four salinities including 35 (control), 45, 55, and 70 g kg−1. The branchial transcripts of NKAα1 were elevated in fish kept at 55 and 70 g kg−1 salinities with a strong elevation after medium-term (11 days) of exposure. No obvious changes were observed in NKCC1a expression among different salinity groups after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) of exposure, except for a medium-term strong upregulation of NKCC1agene at 55 g kg−1. The NKAα1 and NKCC1a expressions returned to baseline levels after the long term exposure salinity period, suggesting complete molecular and physiological acclimation.These results demonstrate the osmoregulatory role of ion transporter enzymes in acclimation of amphibious fish to high salinities.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79969662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762
Jahi K.M. Abimbola, Jenna M. Edwards, S. Lema
ABSTRACT The nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (VT) regulates osmotic balance in fishes by modulating ion and water transport. While VT’s osmoregulatory effects arise in part via changes in VT secretion, it remains uncertain which nonapeptide receptors mediate these effects, or whether adjustments in VT degradation also contribute. This study characterized gene transcript profiles for all known teleost nonapeptide receptors and for the VT and isotocin (IT) degradation enzyme leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (lnpep) in the gill, kidney, and intestine – as well as transcriptional profiles for proVT and proIT mRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary – of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during hyperosmotic challenge. Results presented here suggest that VT’s actions during salinity acclimation may be mediated by V1a-type receptor V1a2 in gill and intestine but multiple V2-type receptors in kidney, and provide evidence that lnpep expression is modulated concurrent with osmoregulation, possibly to alter local availability of nonapeptides as osmolality returns to homeostatic set points.
{"title":"Expression profiles of genes encoding arginine vasotocin and isotocin receptors and the leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) nonapeptide degradation enzyme in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during high salinity acclimation","authors":"Jahi K.M. Abimbola, Jenna M. Edwards, S. Lema","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (VT) regulates osmotic balance in fishes by modulating ion and water transport. While VT’s osmoregulatory effects arise in part via changes in VT secretion, it remains uncertain which nonapeptide receptors mediate these effects, or whether adjustments in VT degradation also contribute. This study characterized gene transcript profiles for all known teleost nonapeptide receptors and for the VT and isotocin (IT) degradation enzyme leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (lnpep) in the gill, kidney, and intestine – as well as transcriptional profiles for proVT and proIT mRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary – of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during hyperosmotic challenge. Results presented here suggest that VT’s actions during salinity acclimation may be mediated by V1a-type receptor V1a2 in gill and intestine but multiple V2-type receptors in kidney, and provide evidence that lnpep expression is modulated concurrent with osmoregulation, possibly to alter local availability of nonapeptides as osmolality returns to homeostatic set points.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT We tested the orientation capabilities during jumping in blackspotted rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus). Amphibious fish routinely navigate between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and use either spatial mapping or visual cues to determine where to safely jump. We recorded jumping direction during three experiments: training, visual cue disruption, and spatial memory disruption. During the first round of training, the fish were able to jump to safety in a novel environment, regardless of starting orientation (p < 0.001). E. striatus were able to learn the terrain after repeated conditioning and continued to jump in the same direction after we moved rocks to the opposite side of the table (visual cue disruption), even if that meant jumping into a wall (p = 0.033). To test memory disruption, we injected the fish with NOS inhibitor L-NAME and found fish jumps became randomly distributed (p = 0.452). These results suggest blackspotted rockskippers entrain using visual cues and then rely on a mental map for subsequent jumps.
{"title":"Spatial mapping influences navigation in Entomacrodus striatus","authors":"Carrie Buo, E.G.R. Taylor, Pooja Dayal, Jessica Bartles, Kailey Christman, R. Londraville","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1785878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1785878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We tested the orientation capabilities during jumping in blackspotted rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus). Amphibious fish routinely navigate between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and use either spatial mapping or visual cues to determine where to safely jump. We recorded jumping direction during three experiments: training, visual cue disruption, and spatial memory disruption. During the first round of training, the fish were able to jump to safety in a novel environment, regardless of starting orientation (p < 0.001). E. striatus were able to learn the terrain after repeated conditioning and continued to jump in the same direction after we moved rocks to the opposite side of the table (visual cue disruption), even if that meant jumping into a wall (p = 0.033). To test memory disruption, we injected the fish with NOS inhibitor L-NAME and found fish jumps became randomly distributed (p = 0.452). These results suggest blackspotted rockskippers entrain using visual cues and then rely on a mental map for subsequent jumps.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88529978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855
J. C. Román‐Reyes, G. A. Rodríguez‐Montes de Oca, Emmanuel Martínez Montaño, Daniel Adrián Solís-Chávez, D. López-Peraza, Juan A. Tello-Ballinas, I. Bañuelos-Vargas
ABSTRACT Sustainable aquaculture of the green guapote Mayaheros beani requires better understanding their physiology and composition. In that context, this research focused on the study of hematology, proximal and fatty acid (FA) composition of wild and farmed green guapote. Results showed no significant differences between wild and farmed fish in red blood cell count (1.77-2.57 ×106 cel µL-1), hemoglobin (11.6-15.1 g dL-1), glucose (68-115 mg dL-1) and the crude protein of whole body (51-58%). However, farmed fish showed significantly higher crude lipid (21.2 ± 0.33%) of whole body compared with wild ones (6.80 ± 0.42). Otherwise, wild fish had higher n-3 FA (14.18 ± 1.84%) than farmed fish (11.50 ± 1.97%). Because farmed fish showed a feed conversion ratio of 2.03 ± 0.8, results seem to indicate that M. beani require a specific balanced diet to improve its performance. Further research is required to understand the nutritional requirement of M. beani.
{"title":"Hematology, proximal composition and fatty acid profile comparison from wild and farm-raised juveniles of green guapote Mayaheros beani (Jordan, 1889)","authors":"J. C. Román‐Reyes, G. A. Rodríguez‐Montes de Oca, Emmanuel Martínez Montaño, Daniel Adrián Solís-Chávez, D. López-Peraza, Juan A. Tello-Ballinas, I. Bañuelos-Vargas","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustainable aquaculture of the green guapote Mayaheros beani requires better understanding their physiology and composition. In that context, this research focused on the study of hematology, proximal and fatty acid (FA) composition of wild and farmed green guapote. Results showed no significant differences between wild and farmed fish in red blood cell count (1.77-2.57 ×106 cel µL-1), hemoglobin (11.6-15.1 g dL-1), glucose (68-115 mg dL-1) and the crude protein of whole body (51-58%). However, farmed fish showed significantly higher crude lipid (21.2 ± 0.33%) of whole body compared with wild ones (6.80 ± 0.42). Otherwise, wild fish had higher n-3 FA (14.18 ± 1.84%) than farmed fish (11.50 ± 1.97%). Because farmed fish showed a feed conversion ratio of 2.03 ± 0.8, results seem to indicate that M. beani require a specific balanced diet to improve its performance. Further research is required to understand the nutritional requirement of M. beani.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90311128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864
A. A. N. Valgas, N. Wingen, Sara Santos, G. Oliveira, P. Araujo
ABSTRACT Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish native to the southern central United States and northern Mexico. In Brazil, it is only present in natural environment in the state of São Paulo. Nutritional and reproductive markers were quantified and characterized, as well as intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance in females of P. clarkii collected in a natural environment over a seasonal cycle. Samples of hemolymph and different tissue were obtained. The degree of gastric repletion presented the highest rates in the spring. An investment in reproduction was detected in the summer, when the energy reserves of the hepatopancreas were mobilized for gonadal maturation, and a higher percentage of mature gonads were observed. In the same period, we observed an increase in lipoperoxidation, despite the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase in muscle and gonads. An increase in the levels of lipoperoxidation and glutathione S-transferase was observed in winter.
{"title":"Biochemical-functional parameters of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) Crustacea, Cambaridae female throughout a seasonal cycle in southeast Brazil","authors":"A. A. N. Valgas, N. Wingen, Sara Santos, G. Oliveira, P. Araujo","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish native to the southern central United States and northern Mexico. In Brazil, it is only present in natural environment in the state of São Paulo. Nutritional and reproductive markers were quantified and characterized, as well as intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance in females of P. clarkii collected in a natural environment over a seasonal cycle. Samples of hemolymph and different tissue were obtained. The degree of gastric repletion presented the highest rates in the spring. An investment in reproduction was detected in the summer, when the energy reserves of the hepatopancreas were mobilized for gonadal maturation, and a higher percentage of mature gonads were observed. In the same period, we observed an increase in lipoperoxidation, despite the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase in muscle and gonads. An increase in the levels of lipoperoxidation and glutathione S-transferase was observed in winter.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86451695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062
E. Lukens, T. Wilcoxen
ABSTRACT Amphibians are increasingly challenged with salinization due to factors such as elevated sea level associated with climate change, the use of road salts, and lowering of water tables. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in osmotic regulation and may play an important role in amphibian acclimation to elevated salinity. We studied the effects of salinity on growth, development, and aldosterone levels in Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. Gosner stage, growth rates, and aldosterone levels were determined for tadpoles among three salinity treatments (1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 ppt) over a six-week period. It appears that Cuban treefrog tadpoles have the ability to respond to high salt levels with decreased aldosterone secretion; however, in order to survive high salt concentrations, trade-offs in growth and development must occur to regulate osmotic functions.
{"title":"Effects of elevated salinity on Cuban treefrog Osteopilus septontrionalis aldosterone levels, growth, and development","authors":"E. Lukens, T. Wilcoxen","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amphibians are increasingly challenged with salinization due to factors such as elevated sea level associated with climate change, the use of road salts, and lowering of water tables. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in osmotic regulation and may play an important role in amphibian acclimation to elevated salinity. We studied the effects of salinity on growth, development, and aldosterone levels in Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. Gosner stage, growth rates, and aldosterone levels were determined for tadpoles among three salinity treatments (1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 ppt) over a six-week period. It appears that Cuban treefrog tadpoles have the ability to respond to high salt levels with decreased aldosterone secretion; however, in order to survive high salt concentrations, trade-offs in growth and development must occur to regulate osmotic functions.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1782753
Craig P. O’Connell, Caroline Collatos, Nicholas D. Picha, P. He
ABSTRACT The use of animal-borne imaging and environmental data collection systems (AVEDs) can provide behavioral and ecological information of animals that many other technologies cannot usually offer. However, many previous AVEDs have been designed for larger sharks, and there is a need for a technology that permits the collection of behavioral and ecological data for small sharks. In this study, we developed and tested the Shark Harness, a novel AVED technology for small to medium size sharks, in both the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory, the swimming behavior of seven dusky smoothhound sharks (Mustelus canis; n = 7) ranging in size from 90.00–114.30 cm total length (TL) was assessed. When compared to unmanipulated individuals, sharks fitted with the Shark Harness exhibited no significant variations in both swimming duration (p = 0.63) and vertical positioning (0.99), whereas a minor, yet statistically significant, increase in tail beat frequency (p = 0.016) was observed. In the field, six dusky smoothhound sharks (90–110.28 cm TL) equipped with the Shark Harness were released in waters near Montauk, New York, USA. Field data suggest that the Shark Harness can be used to assess fine-scale movements, heterospecific interactions, and immediate post-release survivorship of dusky smoothhound sharks and other small sharks (≥80 cm TL) in a wild setting. However, future modifications are required prior to redeployment in a wild setting, including a more cryptic and hydrodynamic design, in order to obtain a more accurate representation of the respective animal’s natural behavior and interactions with con- and hetero-specifics.
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