Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301
Hamed Abdolahi-Fini, A. Akbarzadeh, I. Sourinejad
ABSTRACT In this study, we explored the gill mRNA expression ofNa+/K+-ATPase α1 (NKAα1) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a(NKCC1a) in an amphibious mudskipper species, Periophthalmus waltoniat high salinities of mangrove tidal zones. Fish were exposed to four salinities including 35 (control), 45, 55, and 70 g kg−1. The branchial transcripts of NKAα1 were elevated in fish kept at 55 and 70 g kg−1 salinities with a strong elevation after medium-term (11 days) of exposure. No obvious changes were observed in NKCC1a expression among different salinity groups after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) of exposure, except for a medium-term strong upregulation of NKCC1agene at 55 g kg−1. The NKAα1 and NKCC1a expressions returned to baseline levels after the long term exposure salinity period, suggesting complete molecular and physiological acclimation.These results demonstrate the osmoregulatory role of ion transporter enzymes in acclimation of amphibious fish to high salinities.
摘要本研究探讨了高盐度红树林潮带水陆两栖泥鳉Na+/K+- atp酶α1 (NKAα1)和Na+/K+/2Cl−共转运体1a(NKCC1a)鳃mRNA的表达。鱼暴露在四种盐度下，分别为35(对照)、45、55和70 g kg - 1。在55和70 g kg - 1盐度条件下，NKAα1的鳃转录本升高，并在暴露中期(11天)后显著升高。短期(3天)和长期(21天)暴露后，NKCC1a基因在不同盐度组中的表达没有明显变化，但在55 g kg−1时，NKCC1a基因在中期出现强烈上调。NKAα1和NKCC1a的表达在长期暴露于盐度后恢复到基线水平，表明完全的分子和生理驯化。这些结果证明了离子转运酶在两栖鱼类适应高盐度环境中的渗透调节作用。
{"title":"Transcription of branchial ion transporter genes in response to high salinity in the amphibious, inter-tidal mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni","authors":"Hamed Abdolahi-Fini, A. Akbarzadeh, I. Sourinejad","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1790301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we explored the gill mRNA expression ofNa+/K+-ATPase α1 (NKAα1) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a(NKCC1a) in an amphibious mudskipper species, Periophthalmus waltoniat high salinities of mangrove tidal zones. Fish were exposed to four salinities including 35 (control), 45, 55, and 70 g kg−1. The branchial transcripts of NKAα1 were elevated in fish kept at 55 and 70 g kg−1 salinities with a strong elevation after medium-term (11 days) of exposure. No obvious changes were observed in NKCC1a expression among different salinity groups after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) of exposure, except for a medium-term strong upregulation of NKCC1agene at 55 g kg−1. The NKAα1 and NKCC1a expressions returned to baseline levels after the long term exposure salinity period, suggesting complete molecular and physiological acclimation.These results demonstrate the osmoregulatory role of ion transporter enzymes in acclimation of amphibious fish to high salinities.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"151 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79969662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762
Jahi K.M. Abimbola, Jenna M. Edwards, S. Lema
ABSTRACT The nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (VT) regulates osmotic balance in fishes by modulating ion and water transport. While VT’s osmoregulatory effects arise in part via changes in VT secretion, it remains uncertain which nonapeptide receptors mediate these effects, or whether adjustments in VT degradation also contribute. This study characterized gene transcript profiles for all known teleost nonapeptide receptors and for the VT and isotocin (IT) degradation enzyme leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (lnpep) in the gill, kidney, and intestine – as well as transcriptional profiles for proVT and proIT mRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary – of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during hyperosmotic challenge. Results presented here suggest that VT’s actions during salinity acclimation may be mediated by V1a-type receptor V1a2 in gill and intestine but multiple V2-type receptors in kidney, and provide evidence that lnpep expression is modulated concurrent with osmoregulation, possibly to alter local availability of nonapeptides as osmolality returns to homeostatic set points.
{"title":"Expression profiles of genes encoding arginine vasotocin and isotocin receptors and the leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) nonapeptide degradation enzyme in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during high salinity acclimation","authors":"Jahi K.M. Abimbola, Jenna M. Edwards, S. Lema","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1798762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (VT) regulates osmotic balance in fishes by modulating ion and water transport. While VT’s osmoregulatory effects arise in part via changes in VT secretion, it remains uncertain which nonapeptide receptors mediate these effects, or whether adjustments in VT degradation also contribute. This study characterized gene transcript profiles for all known teleost nonapeptide receptors and for the VT and isotocin (IT) degradation enzyme leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (lnpep) in the gill, kidney, and intestine – as well as transcriptional profiles for proVT and proIT mRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary – of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) during hyperosmotic challenge. Results presented here suggest that VT’s actions during salinity acclimation may be mediated by V1a-type receptor V1a2 in gill and intestine but multiple V2-type receptors in kidney, and provide evidence that lnpep expression is modulated concurrent with osmoregulation, possibly to alter local availability of nonapeptides as osmolality returns to homeostatic set points.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"11641 1","pages":"163 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT We tested the orientation capabilities during jumping in blackspotted rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus). Amphibious fish routinely navigate between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and use either spatial mapping or visual cues to determine where to safely jump. We recorded jumping direction during three experiments: training, visual cue disruption, and spatial memory disruption. During the first round of training, the fish were able to jump to safety in a novel environment, regardless of starting orientation (p < 0.001). E. striatus were able to learn the terrain after repeated conditioning and continued to jump in the same direction after we moved rocks to the opposite side of the table (visual cue disruption), even if that meant jumping into a wall (p = 0.033). To test memory disruption, we injected the fish with NOS inhibitor L-NAME and found fish jumps became randomly distributed (p = 0.452). These results suggest blackspotted rockskippers entrain using visual cues and then rely on a mental map for subsequent jumps.
{"title":"Spatial mapping influences navigation in Entomacrodus striatus","authors":"Carrie Buo, E.G.R. Taylor, Pooja Dayal, Jessica Bartles, Kailey Christman, R. Londraville","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1785878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1785878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We tested the orientation capabilities during jumping in blackspotted rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus). Amphibious fish routinely navigate between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and use either spatial mapping or visual cues to determine where to safely jump. We recorded jumping direction during three experiments: training, visual cue disruption, and spatial memory disruption. During the first round of training, the fish were able to jump to safety in a novel environment, regardless of starting orientation (p < 0.001). E. striatus were able to learn the terrain after repeated conditioning and continued to jump in the same direction after we moved rocks to the opposite side of the table (visual cue disruption), even if that meant jumping into a wall (p = 0.033). To test memory disruption, we injected the fish with NOS inhibitor L-NAME and found fish jumps became randomly distributed (p = 0.452). These results suggest blackspotted rockskippers entrain using visual cues and then rely on a mental map for subsequent jumps.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"193 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88529978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855
J. C. Román‐Reyes, G. A. Rodríguez‐Montes de Oca, Emmanuel Martínez Montaño, Daniel Adrián Solís-Chávez, D. López-Peraza, Juan A. Tello-Ballinas, I. Bañuelos-Vargas
ABSTRACT Sustainable aquaculture of the green guapote Mayaheros beani requires better understanding their physiology and composition. In that context, this research focused on the study of hematology, proximal and fatty acid (FA) composition of wild and farmed green guapote. Results showed no significant differences between wild and farmed fish in red blood cell count (1.77-2.57 ×106 cel µL-1), hemoglobin (11.6-15.1 g dL-1), glucose (68-115 mg dL-1) and the crude protein of whole body (51-58%). However, farmed fish showed significantly higher crude lipid (21.2 ± 0.33%) of whole body compared with wild ones (6.80 ± 0.42). Otherwise, wild fish had higher n-3 FA (14.18 ± 1.84%) than farmed fish (11.50 ± 1.97%). Because farmed fish showed a feed conversion ratio of 2.03 ± 0.8, results seem to indicate that M. beani require a specific balanced diet to improve its performance. Further research is required to understand the nutritional requirement of M. beani.
{"title":"Hematology, proximal composition and fatty acid profile comparison from wild and farm-raised juveniles of green guapote Mayaheros beani (Jordan, 1889)","authors":"J. C. Román‐Reyes, G. A. Rodríguez‐Montes de Oca, Emmanuel Martínez Montaño, Daniel Adrián Solís-Chávez, D. López-Peraza, Juan A. Tello-Ballinas, I. Bañuelos-Vargas","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1768855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustainable aquaculture of the green guapote Mayaheros beani requires better understanding their physiology and composition. In that context, this research focused on the study of hematology, proximal and fatty acid (FA) composition of wild and farmed green guapote. Results showed no significant differences between wild and farmed fish in red blood cell count (1.77-2.57 ×106 cel µL-1), hemoglobin (11.6-15.1 g dL-1), glucose (68-115 mg dL-1) and the crude protein of whole body (51-58%). However, farmed fish showed significantly higher crude lipid (21.2 ± 0.33%) of whole body compared with wild ones (6.80 ± 0.42). Otherwise, wild fish had higher n-3 FA (14.18 ± 1.84%) than farmed fish (11.50 ± 1.97%). Because farmed fish showed a feed conversion ratio of 2.03 ± 0.8, results seem to indicate that M. beani require a specific balanced diet to improve its performance. Further research is required to understand the nutritional requirement of M. beani.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"87 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90311128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864
A. A. N. Valgas, N. Wingen, Sara Santos, G. Oliveira, P. Araujo
ABSTRACT Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish native to the southern central United States and northern Mexico. In Brazil, it is only present in natural environment in the state of São Paulo. Nutritional and reproductive markers were quantified and characterized, as well as intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance in females of P. clarkii collected in a natural environment over a seasonal cycle. Samples of hemolymph and different tissue were obtained. The degree of gastric repletion presented the highest rates in the spring. An investment in reproduction was detected in the summer, when the energy reserves of the hepatopancreas were mobilized for gonadal maturation, and a higher percentage of mature gonads were observed. In the same period, we observed an increase in lipoperoxidation, despite the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase in muscle and gonads. An increase in the levels of lipoperoxidation and glutathione S-transferase was observed in winter.
{"title":"Biochemical-functional parameters of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) Crustacea, Cambaridae female throughout a seasonal cycle in southeast Brazil","authors":"A. A. N. Valgas, N. Wingen, Sara Santos, G. Oliveira, P. Araujo","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1777864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish native to the southern central United States and northern Mexico. In Brazil, it is only present in natural environment in the state of São Paulo. Nutritional and reproductive markers were quantified and characterized, as well as intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance in females of P. clarkii collected in a natural environment over a seasonal cycle. Samples of hemolymph and different tissue were obtained. The degree of gastric repletion presented the highest rates in the spring. An investment in reproduction was detected in the summer, when the energy reserves of the hepatopancreas were mobilized for gonadal maturation, and a higher percentage of mature gonads were observed. In the same period, we observed an increase in lipoperoxidation, despite the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase in muscle and gonads. An increase in the levels of lipoperoxidation and glutathione S-transferase was observed in winter.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"159 1","pages":"113 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86451695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062
E. Lukens, T. Wilcoxen
ABSTRACT Amphibians are increasingly challenged with salinization due to factors such as elevated sea level associated with climate change, the use of road salts, and lowering of water tables. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in osmotic regulation and may play an important role in amphibian acclimation to elevated salinity. We studied the effects of salinity on growth, development, and aldosterone levels in Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. Gosner stage, growth rates, and aldosterone levels were determined for tadpoles among three salinity treatments (1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 ppt) over a six-week period. It appears that Cuban treefrog tadpoles have the ability to respond to high salt levels with decreased aldosterone secretion; however, in order to survive high salt concentrations, trade-offs in growth and development must occur to regulate osmotic functions.
{"title":"Effects of elevated salinity on Cuban treefrog Osteopilus septontrionalis aldosterone levels, growth, and development","authors":"E. Lukens, T. Wilcoxen","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1772062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amphibians are increasingly challenged with salinization due to factors such as elevated sea level associated with climate change, the use of road salts, and lowering of water tables. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in osmotic regulation and may play an important role in amphibian acclimation to elevated salinity. We studied the effects of salinity on growth, development, and aldosterone levels in Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. Gosner stage, growth rates, and aldosterone levels were determined for tadpoles among three salinity treatments (1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 ppt) over a six-week period. It appears that Cuban treefrog tadpoles have the ability to respond to high salt levels with decreased aldosterone secretion; however, in order to survive high salt concentrations, trade-offs in growth and development must occur to regulate osmotic functions.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"111 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1782753
Craig P. O’Connell, Caroline Collatos, Nicholas D. Picha, P. He
ABSTRACT The use of animal-borne imaging and environmental data collection systems (AVEDs) can provide behavioral and ecological information of animals that many other technologies cannot usually offer. However, many previous AVEDs have been designed for larger sharks, and there is a need for a technology that permits the collection of behavioral and ecological data for small sharks. In this study, we developed and tested the Shark Harness, a novel AVED technology for small to medium size sharks, in both the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory, the swimming behavior of seven dusky smoothhound sharks (Mustelus canis; n = 7) ranging in size from 90.00–114.30 cm total length (TL) was assessed. When compared to unmanipulated individuals, sharks fitted with the Shark Harness exhibited no significant variations in both swimming duration (p = 0.63) and vertical positioning (0.99), whereas a minor, yet statistically significant, increase in tail beat frequency (p = 0.016) was observed. In the field, six dusky smoothhound sharks (90–110.28 cm TL) equipped with the Shark Harness were released in waters near Montauk, New York, USA. Field data suggest that the Shark Harness can be used to assess fine-scale movements, heterospecific interactions, and immediate post-release survivorship of dusky smoothhound sharks and other small sharks (≥80 cm TL) in a wild setting. However, future modifications are required prior to redeployment in a wild setting, including a more cryptic and hydrodynamic design, in order to obtain a more accurate representation of the respective animal’s natural behavior and interactions with con- and hetero-specifics.
{"title":"A new animal-borne imaging system for studying the behavioral ecology of small sharks: laboratory and field evaluations","authors":"Craig P. O’Connell, Caroline Collatos, Nicholas D. Picha, P. He","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1782753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1782753","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of animal-borne imaging and environmental data collection systems (AVEDs) can provide behavioral and ecological information of animals that many other technologies cannot usually offer. However, many previous AVEDs have been designed for larger sharks, and there is a need for a technology that permits the collection of behavioral and ecological data for small sharks. In this study, we developed and tested the Shark Harness, a novel AVED technology for small to medium size sharks, in both the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory, the swimming behavior of seven dusky smoothhound sharks (Mustelus canis; n = 7) ranging in size from 90.00–114.30 cm total length (TL) was assessed. When compared to unmanipulated individuals, sharks fitted with the Shark Harness exhibited no significant variations in both swimming duration (p = 0.63) and vertical positioning (0.99), whereas a minor, yet statistically significant, increase in tail beat frequency (p = 0.016) was observed. In the field, six dusky smoothhound sharks (90–110.28 cm TL) equipped with the Shark Harness were released in waters near Montauk, New York, USA. Field data suggest that the Shark Harness can be used to assess fine-scale movements, heterospecific interactions, and immediate post-release survivorship of dusky smoothhound sharks and other small sharks (≥80 cm TL) in a wild setting. However, future modifications are required prior to redeployment in a wild setting, including a more cryptic and hydrodynamic design, in order to obtain a more accurate representation of the respective animal’s natural behavior and interactions with con- and hetero-specifics.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"131 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1764189
K. Wei, Junxian Yang, Chang-Khil Song
ABSTRACT The immune response is a complex network composed of various molecules, cells and signaling pathways in crustacean. Cadmium-induced immunosuppression has been widely researched, but its underlying mechanism on crayfish proPO remains to be elucidated. In this study, the relationship between proPO activity in haemolymph and the activation of p38MAPK and Nrf2 in hepatopancreas was evaluated after red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were subjected to sub-lethal Cd2+ concentrations (i.e. 1,5 and 10 mg/L) for 96 h. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in haemolymph THC and proPO levels accompanied by the increasing contents of hepatopancreas ROS (P < 0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. By IHC detection, the expression and activation of p38MAPK and Nrf2 were remarkably increased in Cd2+ treatment groups compared with the control group, and the level of both p-p38/p38 and Nrf2 was closely related to proPO activity (P < 0.01). Hepatopancreas might be implicated in systemic proPO activity via ROS-mediated MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
{"title":"The responses of prophenoloxidase and MAPK/Nrf2 pathway to cadmium stress in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii","authors":"K. Wei, Junxian Yang, Chang-Khil Song","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1764189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1764189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The immune response is a complex network composed of various molecules, cells and signaling pathways in crustacean. Cadmium-induced immunosuppression has been widely researched, but its underlying mechanism on crayfish proPO remains to be elucidated. In this study, the relationship between proPO activity in haemolymph and the activation of p38MAPK and Nrf2 in hepatopancreas was evaluated after red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were subjected to sub-lethal Cd2+ concentrations (i.e. 1,5 and 10 mg/L) for 96 h. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in haemolymph THC and proPO levels accompanied by the increasing contents of hepatopancreas ROS (P < 0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. By IHC detection, the expression and activation of p38MAPK and Nrf2 were remarkably increased in Cd2+ treatment groups compared with the control group, and the level of both p-p38/p38 and Nrf2 was closely related to proPO activity (P < 0.01). Hepatopancreas might be implicated in systemic proPO activity via ROS-mediated MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"52 1","pages":"59 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85130131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1758561
Eleanor R. DiNuzzo, L. Anderson, A. Walker, Haley K. Sasso, Bendon Christensen, B. Griffen
ABSTRACT Fiddler crabs are numerically dominant consumers within salt marshes and understanding how their behavior is influenced by human activities can therefore shed light on the health of disturbed marsh communities. We investigated how various levels of human influence in South Carolina salt marshes alter male waving behavior in the sand fiddler crab Leptuca pugilator across 21 marsh sites. We show that male waving behavior decreases with increasing levels of human influence across these sites (i.e., car and pedestrian traffic, marsh size). Given the central role of male waving in L. pugilator reproduction, territoriality, and other intra- and interspecific interactions, our results show that human influence in salt marsh habitats has the potential to directly alter the success of this widespread marsh consumer. This study highlights the importance of studying the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on behavior of salt marsh species as human presence in coastal areas continues to grow.
{"title":"Human influences on male waving behavior in the fiddler crab Leptuca pugilator","authors":"Eleanor R. DiNuzzo, L. Anderson, A. Walker, Haley K. Sasso, Bendon Christensen, B. Griffen","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2020.1758561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2020.1758561","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fiddler crabs are numerically dominant consumers within salt marshes and understanding how their behavior is influenced by human activities can therefore shed light on the health of disturbed marsh communities. We investigated how various levels of human influence in South Carolina salt marshes alter male waving behavior in the sand fiddler crab Leptuca pugilator across 21 marsh sites. We show that male waving behavior decreases with increasing levels of human influence across these sites (i.e., car and pedestrian traffic, marsh size). Given the central role of male waving in L. pugilator reproduction, territoriality, and other intra- and interspecific interactions, our results show that human influence in salt marsh habitats has the potential to directly alter the success of this widespread marsh consumer. This study highlights the importance of studying the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on behavior of salt marsh species as human presence in coastal areas continues to grow.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"43 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2020.1767505
Xiaolu Liu, Lin Chenggang, Lina Sun, Shilin Liu, Jing-chun Sun, Hongsheng Yang
ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the behavioural characteristics of the epithelial tissues of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) subjected to illumination. The behavioural results indicated that the tentacles, tube feet, and spines were sensitive to light with structural changes. Among the three epithelial tissues, the tentacles were the most sensitive with the shortest reaction and recovery times, whereas the tube feet and spines had longer reaction times. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) was used to analyse the changes of Pax6 expressions before and after illumination in the tentacles, tube feet and spines. Q-PCR results indicated that Pax6 expressions in the three above tissues after illumination were higher than that before illumination. We hypothesised that sea cucumber may not have independent photoreceptors, but the epithelial tissues were capable of exhibiting a behavioural response to light. This will allow us to re-examine the functions of all epithelial tissues of sea cucumbers.
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