Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1662724
Mabelyn Córdova-Montejo, Miguel Sáenz De Rodrigáñez García, Emyr Saul Peña-Marín, R. Martínez‐García, S. Camarillo‐Coop, L. López, M. Galaviz, C. Álvarez‐González
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the digestive proteases of totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi). Fish were sacrificed to obtain the multienzymatic extracts from the stomach and intestine, and determine the stability and optimum pH and temperature values. Residual activity and number of isoforms were determined with some inhibitors. Optimal pH of stomach proteases was 2, with stability above 100% at that same pH. Optimum pH of intestinal proteases was between 9 and 11, with stability above 100% between 8-12. Optimum temperature for stomach proteases was 35°C and remained highly stable, while optimum temperature for intestinal proteases was 45°C, with high stability between 35-55°C. Pepstatin A totally inhibited acid protease activity and revealed a single band. SDS-PAGE zymogram revealed 8 bands in the intestine, where phenanthroline inhibited 80% of the total activity. The digestive capacity of T. macdonaldi is characteristic of a strict carnivore, similar to other marine fish species.
{"title":"Partial characterization of digestive proteases in Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi)","authors":"Mabelyn Córdova-Montejo, Miguel Sáenz De Rodrigáñez García, Emyr Saul Peña-Marín, R. Martínez‐García, S. Camarillo‐Coop, L. López, M. Galaviz, C. Álvarez‐González","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1662724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1662724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the digestive proteases of totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi). Fish were sacrificed to obtain the multienzymatic extracts from the stomach and intestine, and determine the stability and optimum pH and temperature values. Residual activity and number of isoforms were determined with some inhibitors. Optimal pH of stomach proteases was 2, with stability above 100% at that same pH. Optimum pH of intestinal proteases was between 9 and 11, with stability above 100% between 8-12. Optimum temperature for stomach proteases was 35°C and remained highly stable, while optimum temperature for intestinal proteases was 45°C, with high stability between 35-55°C. Pepstatin A totally inhibited acid protease activity and revealed a single band. SDS-PAGE zymogram revealed 8 bands in the intestine, where phenanthroline inhibited 80% of the total activity. The digestive capacity of T. macdonaldi is characteristic of a strict carnivore, similar to other marine fish species.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"115 1","pages":"167 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90707649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1659736
A. McFarlane, J. O’Brien, B. Nelson, M. Gammell
ABSTRACT The white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), is classified as endangered in the 2010 IUCN Red List and is protected under Irish and European legislation due to a drastic decline in abundance and range over the past century. Mark-recapture methods play a vital role in the process of estimating population size, and in the monitoring and conservation of mobile species. A variety of marking techniques are routinely used in a range of crayfish species for ecological research. The majority of information on the effects of these marking techniques on the physiology of crayfish species focuses on survivability and growth, whereas information is scarce on the effects on crayfish behaviour. This study investigates the behavioural changes of crayfish in reaction to five commonly used marking techniques in laboratory conditions. The marking techniques used were internal and external passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags, cauterisation and ablation. Effects of marking technique on behaviour were evaluated immediately after marking, and over a 14-day period, on 78 crayfish. Results indicated that the internal passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags negatively affected crayfish behaviour by increasing resting levels. Ablation and cauterisation also increased grooming levels, while marking reduced activity levels in general. These effects on behaviour occurred immediately after marking, but quickly dissipated. These results suggest that the use of internal PIT tags for marking white-clawed crayfish may need to be avoided as increased resting levels could lead to increased exposure out of refuge and predation. This may have a detrimental impact on the welfare and conservation of white-clawed crayfish and also lead to biased population estimates during mark-recapture projects. The remaining marking techniques (external PIT tag, VIE tag, ablation, cauterisation) may be used, as changes in behaviour will not have a detrimental impact and therefore should not lead to biased population estimates.
{"title":"The behavioural response of the white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) to five standard marking techniques over a 14-day period","authors":"A. McFarlane, J. O’Brien, B. Nelson, M. Gammell","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1659736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1659736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), is classified as endangered in the 2010 IUCN Red List and is protected under Irish and European legislation due to a drastic decline in abundance and range over the past century. Mark-recapture methods play a vital role in the process of estimating population size, and in the monitoring and conservation of mobile species. A variety of marking techniques are routinely used in a range of crayfish species for ecological research. The majority of information on the effects of these marking techniques on the physiology of crayfish species focuses on survivability and growth, whereas information is scarce on the effects on crayfish behaviour. This study investigates the behavioural changes of crayfish in reaction to five commonly used marking techniques in laboratory conditions. The marking techniques used were internal and external passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags, cauterisation and ablation. Effects of marking technique on behaviour were evaluated immediately after marking, and over a 14-day period, on 78 crayfish. Results indicated that the internal passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags negatively affected crayfish behaviour by increasing resting levels. Ablation and cauterisation also increased grooming levels, while marking reduced activity levels in general. These effects on behaviour occurred immediately after marking, but quickly dissipated. These results suggest that the use of internal PIT tags for marking white-clawed crayfish may need to be avoided as increased resting levels could lead to increased exposure out of refuge and predation. This may have a detrimental impact on the welfare and conservation of white-clawed crayfish and also lead to biased population estimates during mark-recapture projects. The remaining marking techniques (external PIT tag, VIE tag, ablation, cauterisation) may be used, as changes in behaviour will not have a detrimental impact and therefore should not lead to biased population estimates.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"181 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81557798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1663124
K. M. Jackson, P. Moore
ABSTRACT Ecological light pollution (ELP) is quickly becoming a worldwide concern and can negatively affect aquatic ecosystems. The given intensity and spectrum of a light source can influence how organisms function within their environment. These properties of artificial lighting at night (ALAN) and their impacts on the physiology and behaviour of crayfish were examined in this work. Hemolymph was obtained from crayfish to quantify a physiological response. Behavioural data were measured as the number, duration, and maximum intensity of agonistic fights. Exposure to higher intensities of light and the presence of ultraviolet light induced a behavioural trend, resulting in significantly altered social interactions within both species of crayfish. The number and maximum intensity of lights significantly decreased, whereas the duration of time spent fighting significantly increased. Due to the importance of freshwater environments and the role crayfish play as a keystone species, examining how crayfish are impacted from ALAN is imperative to maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"The intensity and spectrum of artificial light at night alters crayfish interactions","authors":"K. M. Jackson, P. Moore","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1663124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1663124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecological light pollution (ELP) is quickly becoming a worldwide concern and can negatively affect aquatic ecosystems. The given intensity and spectrum of a light source can influence how organisms function within their environment. These properties of artificial lighting at night (ALAN) and their impacts on the physiology and behaviour of crayfish were examined in this work. Hemolymph was obtained from crayfish to quantify a physiological response. Behavioural data were measured as the number, duration, and maximum intensity of agonistic fights. Exposure to higher intensities of light and the presence of ultraviolet light induced a behavioural trend, resulting in significantly altered social interactions within both species of crayfish. The number and maximum intensity of lights significantly decreased, whereas the duration of time spent fighting significantly increased. Due to the importance of freshwater environments and the role crayfish play as a keystone species, examining how crayfish are impacted from ALAN is imperative to maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"61 15","pages":"131 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10236244.2019.1663124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72423161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1659103
K. Wei, Yue Wei, Chang-Khil Song
ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence showing that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NF-κB-mediated signaling may play an important role in regulating immune response. However, essentially nothing is known about them in crustaceans, especially the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In this work, we used immunohistochemical method to investigate, for the first time, the presence and distribution of a H2S biosynthetic enzyme (cystathionine β-synthase, CBS) and a member of NF-κB family (RelA/p65) in crayfish hepatopancreas. Results indicated that (1) CBS-like and NF-κB p65-like immunopositive cells coexisted in hepatopancreas; (2) NF-κB p65 was diffusely localized and highly expressed in the cytoplasm of R- and B-cells, but CBS was observed mainly in connective tissue, especially in sinusoids; (3) and normally, at mean optical density (MOD) level, their expression was about 0.0032 ± 0.0028 and 0.0072 ± 0.0039, and proportion (%) of positive cells was 14.37 ± 5.76 and 23.5 ± 14.3, respectively.
越来越多的证据表明，气体递质硫化氢(H2S)和NF-κ b介导的信号传导可能在调节免疫应答中发挥重要作用。然而，基本上在甲壳类动物中对它们一无所知，尤其是红色沼泽小龙虾(克氏原螯虾)。本研究首次采用免疫组织化学方法研究了小龙虾肝胰腺中H2S生物合成酶(胱硫氨酸β-合成酶，CBS)和NF-κB家族成员(RelA/p65)的存在和分布。结果表明:(1)肝胰腺中存在cbs样和NF-κB p65样免疫阳性细胞;(2) NF-κ b p65在R细胞和b细胞的细胞质中弥漫性定位并高表达，但CBS主要在结缔组织中观察到，尤其是在窦状细胞中;(3)正常情况下，在平均光密度(MOD)水平下，其表达量分别为0.0032±0.0028和0.0072±0.0039，阳性细胞比例(%)分别为14.37±5.76和23.5±14.3。
{"title":"Immunohistochemical localization of a H2S-generating enzyme and its potential molecular target in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii","authors":"K. Wei, Yue Wei, Chang-Khil Song","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1659103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1659103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence showing that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NF-κB-mediated signaling may play an important role in regulating immune response. However, essentially nothing is known about them in crustaceans, especially the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In this work, we used immunohistochemical method to investigate, for the first time, the presence and distribution of a H2S biosynthetic enzyme (cystathionine β-synthase, CBS) and a member of NF-κB family (RelA/p65) in crayfish hepatopancreas. Results indicated that (1) CBS-like and NF-κB p65-like immunopositive cells coexisted in hepatopancreas; (2) NF-κB p65 was diffusely localized and highly expressed in the cytoplasm of R- and B-cells, but CBS was observed mainly in connective tissue, especially in sinusoids; (3) and normally, at mean optical density (MOD) level, their expression was about 0.0032 ± 0.0028 and 0.0072 ± 0.0039, and proportion (%) of positive cells was 14.37 ± 5.76 and 23.5 ± 14.3, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"63 1","pages":"121 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1655408
E. Iwata, Nozomi Suzuki, Shin-ichiro Ohno
ABSTRACT To evaluate the involvement of plasma cortisol in sex determination in hermaphrodite protandrous sex-changing fish, sexually immature false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) were kept in groups of 3 individuals for 360 days. Observations of time-course changes of diurnal behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol, oestradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone were evaluated. The social hierarchy of the experimental groups was assumed to become stable during the middle period of the experiment, but unstable at the beginning and at the end according to the increase or decrease in the frequencies of agonistic behaviours. The plasma concentration of cortisol increased as the social hierarchy became unstable and oestradiol showed the opposite trend to cortisol. These results suggest that in protandrous anemonefish sex determination induced by social interaction is mediated by cortisol. The stability of the social hierarchy is considered to be very important for the sex determination process.
{"title":"Influence of social stability on the sex determination process in false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris)","authors":"E. Iwata, Nozomi Suzuki, Shin-ichiro Ohno","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1655408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1655408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To evaluate the involvement of plasma cortisol in sex determination in hermaphrodite protandrous sex-changing fish, sexually immature false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) were kept in groups of 3 individuals for 360 days. Observations of time-course changes of diurnal behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol, oestradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone were evaluated. The social hierarchy of the experimental groups was assumed to become stable during the middle period of the experiment, but unstable at the beginning and at the end according to the increase or decrease in the frequencies of agonistic behaviours. The plasma concentration of cortisol increased as the social hierarchy became unstable and oestradiol showed the opposite trend to cortisol. These results suggest that in protandrous anemonefish sex determination induced by social interaction is mediated by cortisol. The stability of the social hierarchy is considered to be very important for the sex determination process.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"47 1","pages":"107 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83511402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1636653
Long-Yan Zhou, Xiangming Yan, Xiu-Ming Li, Xiang Fu, Jigang Xia, S. Fu
ABSTRACT Poor swimming performance and low hypoxia tolerance have been suggested as the main reasons for the dramatic decrease in the wild population of Chinese sucker. The present study aimed to investigate the potential for exercise training to enhance swimming performance and hypoxia tolerance in this fish species targeted for stocking enhancement. Fish were exercise trained (force to swim against a flow) once daily, twice daily or not exercise trained for 20 d and then detrained for 10 d (a period of nontraining). Training showed no significant effect on anaerobic swimming performance.. The fish from both training groups showed lower hypoxia tolerance and a lower survival rate under predation. Thus, the present study suggested thatexercise training showed little effect or even a negative effect on physiological function in Chinese sucker, and the forced training might not be the proper protocol to apply for improving the stocking enhancement of Chinese sucker..
{"title":"Effect of exercise training on swimming performance, survival under predation and hypoxia tolerance in an endangered fish species in China","authors":"Long-Yan Zhou, Xiangming Yan, Xiu-Ming Li, Xiang Fu, Jigang Xia, S. Fu","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1636653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1636653","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poor swimming performance and low hypoxia tolerance have been suggested as the main reasons for the dramatic decrease in the wild population of Chinese sucker. The present study aimed to investigate the potential for exercise training to enhance swimming performance and hypoxia tolerance in this fish species targeted for stocking enhancement. Fish were exercise trained (force to swim against a flow) once daily, twice daily or not exercise trained for 20 d and then detrained for 10 d (a period of nontraining). Training showed no significant effect on anaerobic swimming performance.. The fish from both training groups showed lower hypoxia tolerance and a lower survival rate under predation. Thus, the present study suggested thatexercise training showed little effect or even a negative effect on physiological function in Chinese sucker, and the forced training might not be the proper protocol to apply for improving the stocking enhancement of Chinese sucker..","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"67 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89617048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1637701
K. D. Raj, G. Mathews, P. Kumar
ABSTRACT Gulf of Mannar (GoM) in the southeast coast of India is known for its coral reefs and reef-associated biodiversity. Corals in GoM were affected to a significant extent by climate change-driven coral bleaching in 2016, and are currently recovering. After the bleaching mortality that corals suffered, the competition for space between corals and sponges is obvious in GoM. Rhabdastrella globostellata is a common marine sponge found overgrowing live coral colonies of the patch reefs in GoM at Pattinamaruthoor in March 2019. Underwater assessment of the reef revealed that 60.06% live coral cover was dominated by Acropora corals (81.91%). Among the acroporans 8.23% of colonies were found overgrown by R. globostellata. During the night dives the tiger cowrie Cypraea tigris was observed to feed on R. globostellata. From this observation the present study infers that C. tigris helps the corals fight these sponges, and concludes that tiger cowries should be protected and promoted to tackle climate change implications.
位于印度东南海岸的马纳尔湾(Gulf of Mannar, GoM)以其珊瑚礁和与珊瑚礁相关的生物多样性而闻名。2016年，墨西哥湾的珊瑚受到气候变化导致的珊瑚白化的严重影响，目前正在恢复。在珊瑚遭受白化死亡之后，珊瑚和海绵之间的空间竞争在墨西哥湾是明显的。globostellata是一种常见的海绵，于2019年3月在Pattinamaruthoor的GoM斑块珊瑚礁上发现了生长在活珊瑚群上的海绵。水下评价结果显示，60.06%的活珊瑚覆盖面积以鹿角珊瑚(81.91%)为主。其中，8.23%的蚁群被巨角蚁覆盖。在夜间潜水时，观察到虎考Cypraea tigris以globostellata为食。根据这一观察结果，本研究推断虎斑螺可以帮助珊瑚对抗这些海绵，并得出结论，虎斑螺应该得到保护和推广，以应对气候变化的影响。
{"title":"Tiger cowrie Cypraea tigris feeds on coral-competing sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata in an Acropora dominated reef of Gulf of Mannar, India","authors":"K. D. Raj, G. Mathews, P. Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1637701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1637701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gulf of Mannar (GoM) in the southeast coast of India is known for its coral reefs and reef-associated biodiversity. Corals in GoM were affected to a significant extent by climate change-driven coral bleaching in 2016, and are currently recovering. After the bleaching mortality that corals suffered, the competition for space between corals and sponges is obvious in GoM. Rhabdastrella globostellata is a common marine sponge found overgrowing live coral colonies of the patch reefs in GoM at Pattinamaruthoor in March 2019. Underwater assessment of the reef revealed that 60.06% live coral cover was dominated by Acropora corals (81.91%). Among the acroporans 8.23% of colonies were found overgrown by R. globostellata. During the night dives the tiger cowrie Cypraea tigris was observed to feed on R. globostellata. From this observation the present study infers that C. tigris helps the corals fight these sponges, and concludes that tiger cowries should be protected and promoted to tackle climate change implications.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"51 1","pages":"101 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82250278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1640062
S. C. Beeching, Brian B. Merritt
ABSTRACT Many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and tissue repair, exhibit melatonin sensitivity. We examined the effects of exogenous melatonin, photoperiod and temperature on regeneration in Phagocata gracilis, a common North American turbellarian. Planarian regeneration involves the proliferation and migration of pluripotent stem cells capable of replacing missing body components. A characteristic mass of cells (blastema) forms during planarian regeneration, and its formation, growth and differentiation provide reliable endpoints for the study of regenerative processes. We tested the effects of exogenous melatonin at two concentrations and three photoperiods on both head and tail regenerates under seasonal diurnal temperature regimes. High temperatures and melatonin treatment increased mortality in P. gracilis, and surviving melatonin-treated subjects exhibited delayed regeneration. Asymmetrical and deficient regeneration was more common in melatonin-treated, high temperature and dark treated subjects. Additionally, high temperature and melatonin induced a novel locomotor dysfunction.
{"title":"Dose-dependent disruptive effects of melatonin, light and temperature on regeneration in the planarian Phagocata gracilis","authors":"S. C. Beeching, Brian B. Merritt","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1640062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1640062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and tissue repair, exhibit melatonin sensitivity. We examined the effects of exogenous melatonin, photoperiod and temperature on regeneration in Phagocata gracilis, a common North American turbellarian. Planarian regeneration involves the proliferation and migration of pluripotent stem cells capable of replacing missing body components. A characteristic mass of cells (blastema) forms during planarian regeneration, and its formation, growth and differentiation provide reliable endpoints for the study of regenerative processes. We tested the effects of exogenous melatonin at two concentrations and three photoperiods on both head and tail regenerates under seasonal diurnal temperature regimes. High temperatures and melatonin treatment increased mortality in P. gracilis, and surviving melatonin-treated subjects exhibited delayed regeneration. Asymmetrical and deficient regeneration was more common in melatonin-treated, high temperature and dark treated subjects. Additionally, high temperature and melatonin induced a novel locomotor dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"39 12","pages":"100 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10236244.2019.1640062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72465069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1635886
L. Cavallino, P. Valchi, L. Morandini, M. Pandolfi
ABSTRACT Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is one of the most studied vertebrate models. However, there are still many aspects of its reproductive behavior to be elucidated. The aim of this work was to clarify whether males and females of this species display different behaviors according to sexual status, and the kind of cues they were exposed to (visual and/or chemical). Females in two different sexual status, pre- (PreS) or post-spawning (PostS), were exposed to single males cues (visual or chemical) or complementary cues (visual and chemical together). PreS females spent more time near the male’s compartment than PostS when they were exposed to complementary cues, but no differences were found when only one cue was present. Males showed a higher proximity to females when they were exposed to visual, and both cues together, but no difference was found according to females’ reproductive status. When no barrier was present, males and PreS females spent more time swimming together than males with PostS females. These results showed that females’ reproductive status, and the kind of cues to which females and males are exposed to, can modulate behaviors related to reproduction. Particularly, both cues together (visual and chemical) are necessary to trigger different behaviors in females according to their reproductive status.
{"title":"Modulation of behavior in zebrafish, Danio rerio, according to female reproductive status and visual and chemical cues","authors":"L. Cavallino, P. Valchi, L. Morandini, M. Pandolfi","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1635886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1635886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is one of the most studied vertebrate models. However, there are still many aspects of its reproductive behavior to be elucidated. The aim of this work was to clarify whether males and females of this species display different behaviors according to sexual status, and the kind of cues they were exposed to (visual and/or chemical). Females in two different sexual status, pre- (PreS) or post-spawning (PostS), were exposed to single males cues (visual or chemical) or complementary cues (visual and chemical together). PreS females spent more time near the male’s compartment than PostS when they were exposed to complementary cues, but no differences were found when only one cue was present. Males showed a higher proximity to females when they were exposed to visual, and both cues together, but no difference was found according to females’ reproductive status. When no barrier was present, males and PreS females spent more time swimming together than males with PostS females. These results showed that females’ reproductive status, and the kind of cues to which females and males are exposed to, can modulate behaviors related to reproduction. Particularly, both cues together (visual and chemical) are necessary to trigger different behaviors in females according to their reproductive status.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"53 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87942319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10236244.2019.1624168
K. Middlemiss, D. Cook, W. Davison
ABSTRACT Like mono-species fish groups, formation of mixed-species assemblages is likely driven by trophic influences and interspecific behavioural traits. Our aim was to identify how sympatric estuarine species of differing phenotypes form mixed-species group associations, and to identify changes to group structure of fish that migrate between mono- and mixed-species groups. We used sympatric yellow-eyed mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), kahawai (Arripis trutta), and Australian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), representing different phenotypes for the mixed-species group, and yellow-eyed mullet for the mono- and mixed-species comparison. Group formation and structure was quantified in predator and foraging treatment groups. We used previous research in mono-species yellow-eyed mullet to compare behavioural plasticity with the current study. Our novel results suggest similar behavioural traits in mono- and mixed-species fish groups have beneficially co-evolved and importantly, behavioural plasticity is necessary for migration between groups. Overall, our observations highlight key behavioural responses associated with mixed-species fish formations in estuarine ecosystems.
{"title":"When close neighbours become good friends: plasticity of behavioural traits in sympatric fishes that form mono- and mixed-species groups","authors":"K. Middlemiss, D. Cook, W. Davison","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2019.1624168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2019.1624168","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Like mono-species fish groups, formation of mixed-species assemblages is likely driven by trophic influences and interspecific behavioural traits. Our aim was to identify how sympatric estuarine species of differing phenotypes form mixed-species group associations, and to identify changes to group structure of fish that migrate between mono- and mixed-species groups. We used sympatric yellow-eyed mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), kahawai (Arripis trutta), and Australian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), representing different phenotypes for the mixed-species group, and yellow-eyed mullet for the mono- and mixed-species comparison. Group formation and structure was quantified in predator and foraging treatment groups. We used previous research in mono-species yellow-eyed mullet to compare behavioural plasticity with the current study. Our novel results suggest similar behavioural traits in mono- and mixed-species fish groups have beneficially co-evolved and importantly, behavioural plasticity is necessary for migration between groups. Overall, our observations highlight key behavioural responses associated with mixed-species fish formations in estuarine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"345 1","pages":"17 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75114601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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