Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00159
H. Rönnqvist, P. Viklander
Glacial till, a broadly graded soil formed by the action of glaciation, is used in many parts of the world as dam core material. Statistically these show higher frequency of internal erosion incidents in dams than other types of core soils. One mechanism that may be influential is suffusion as caused by internal instability, which is one initiation mode of internal erosion. A compilation of 23 laboratory tests on suffusion of glacial till core soil has been compiled of which 13 performed unstable. An assessment of the potential for internal instability is made using five empirical methods that evaluates the shape of the particle size distribution. Evaluation of the database indicates on the methods’ applicability to glacial till gradations, and, furthermore, it reveals that the Kenney-Lau approach and its Li-Fannin adaptation provide predictions relatively more accurate in identifying unstable gradations due to suffusion. A stricter assessment is suggested by extending the Li-Fannin adaptation so that it incorporates a transition zone defined by the range 0.68≤H/F<1.0.
{"title":"Evaluating suffusion in dam core soil of glacial till using empirical methods","authors":"H. Rönnqvist, P. Viklander","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00159","url":null,"abstract":"Glacial till, a broadly graded soil formed by the action of glaciation, is used in many parts of the world as dam core material. Statistically these show higher frequency of internal erosion incidents in dams than other types of core soils. One mechanism that may be influential is suffusion as caused by internal instability, which is one initiation mode of internal erosion. A compilation of 23 laboratory tests on suffusion of glacial till core soil has been compiled of which 13 performed unstable. An assessment of the potential for internal instability is made using five empirical methods that evaluates the shape of the particle size distribution. Evaluation of the database indicates on the methods’ applicability to glacial till gradations, and, furthermore, it reveals that the Kenney-Lau approach and its Li-Fannin adaptation provide predictions relatively more accurate in identifying unstable gradations due to suffusion. A stricter assessment is suggested by extending the Li-Fannin adaptation so that it incorporates a transition zone defined by the range 0.68≤H/F<1.0.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00154
I. Bosikov, Klyuev Roman Vladimirovich
Background: Relevance of research. The mathematical model of a singularly perturbed system with a heterogeneous morphology of the underlying surface (hilly terrain overgrown with shrubs) is considered in the article. The distribution nature of the harmful substances in this ecosystem under these infringing factors is determined. Studies using mathematical modeling and system analysis are relevant at the present stage of development and environmental safety of society.
{"title":"Prediction of environmental safety dynamics and management for effective functioning of the natural-technical system","authors":"I. Bosikov, Klyuev Roman Vladimirovich","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Relevance of research. The mathematical model of a singularly perturbed system with a heterogeneous morphology of the underlying surface (hilly terrain overgrown with shrubs) is considered in the article. The distribution nature of the harmful substances in this ecosystem under these infringing factors is determined. Studies using mathematical modeling and system analysis are relevant at the present stage of development and environmental safety of society.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00156
Atef M. F. Mohammed, Inas A. Saleh, S. El-Hemaly
Gaseous and particulate air pollutants are significantly affect non-biological materials. Of particular importance are effects on building stones, historic and cultural monuments, which create an important part of our cultural heritage.1–3 The effect of the deposition of atmospheric gases and aerosols on building materials constitutes one of the main damage mechanisms threatening the cultural heritage. Physical changes and chemical interaction occur at the building surface when exposed to outdoor atmosphere. The action of chemicals usually results in irreversible changes. Consequently, chemical damage to materials is of more serious problem.3,4 Dry deposition of gases plays an important role for the deterioration of stone materials. The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor materials.5–7 The absorbed gases may act directly on the material, or first be converted to new substances that are responsible for observed effects. Gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can react directly with the stone surface by forming acids in the presence of water (or moisture) and oxidizing agents. The formed acids react with the stone to form salts which either crystallize out within the stonework resulting in physical damage or they are washed away resulting in a loss of material.8–10 Sulfurous or sulfuric acids are capable of attacking a wide variety of building materials, including limestone, sandstone, concrete, marble, roofing slate, mortar, etc. Fairly soluble sulfates are formed, which are then leached away by rain.11,12 In Egypt, which is a repository for many buildings of history, museums and monuments, no previously serious study on air pollutants-induced damage on building materials could be traced. The cultural treasures are irreplaceable, so their preservation from the destructive effects of airborne contaminants poses a significant challenge to their present conservators. The aim of this work is to identify the environmental damage caused to some building materials by air pollutants in Cairo atmosphere and to assess to which extent urban and industrial atmosphere affect and accelerate the “natural” corrosion of materials. The study of environmental damage on stones and building materials is of fundamental importance in both the preservation of modern buildings and corrects planning of conservation works on historical monuments, in which such materials are commonly used.
{"title":"Impact of air pollutants on some building materials in Cairo atmosphere","authors":"Atef M. F. Mohammed, Inas A. Saleh, S. El-Hemaly","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00156","url":null,"abstract":"Gaseous and particulate air pollutants are significantly affect non-biological materials. Of particular importance are effects on building stones, historic and cultural monuments, which create an important part of our cultural heritage.1–3 The effect of the deposition of atmospheric gases and aerosols on building materials constitutes one of the main damage mechanisms threatening the cultural heritage. Physical changes and chemical interaction occur at the building surface when exposed to outdoor atmosphere. The action of chemicals usually results in irreversible changes. Consequently, chemical damage to materials is of more serious problem.3,4 Dry deposition of gases plays an important role for the deterioration of stone materials. The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor materials.5–7 The absorbed gases may act directly on the material, or first be converted to new substances that are responsible for observed effects. Gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can react directly with the stone surface by forming acids in the presence of water (or moisture) and oxidizing agents. The formed acids react with the stone to form salts which either crystallize out within the stonework resulting in physical damage or they are washed away resulting in a loss of material.8–10 Sulfurous or sulfuric acids are capable of attacking a wide variety of building materials, including limestone, sandstone, concrete, marble, roofing slate, mortar, etc. Fairly soluble sulfates are formed, which are then leached away by rain.11,12 In Egypt, which is a repository for many buildings of history, museums and monuments, no previously serious study on air pollutants-induced damage on building materials could be traced. The cultural treasures are irreplaceable, so their preservation from the destructive effects of airborne contaminants poses a significant challenge to their present conservators. The aim of this work is to identify the environmental damage caused to some building materials by air pollutants in Cairo atmosphere and to assess to which extent urban and industrial atmosphere affect and accelerate the “natural” corrosion of materials. The study of environmental damage on stones and building materials is of fundamental importance in both the preservation of modern buildings and corrects planning of conservation works on historical monuments, in which such materials are commonly used.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85234403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00149
S. Axinte, L. Paunescu, M. Drăgoescu, F. Cosmulescu
The paper aimed to experimentally produce by sintering/foaming at over 950ºC a cellular glass with excellent physical, mechanical and microstructural characteristics using glass wastes (soda-lime glass and halogen lamps bulb glass), coal ash and silicon carbide as a foaming agent. The paper originality consists in the use of microwave heating, which allows the achievement of low specific energy consumptions (below 1kWh/kg). The main characteristics of the best experimental variant were: apparent density of 0.29g/cm 3 , thermal conductivity of 0.072W/m·K and compressive strength of 2.4MPa being suitable for the use of the product as a thermal insulating material in construction.
{"title":"Nonconventional manufacture technique of cellular glass from recycled aluminosilicate glass-based waste","authors":"S. Axinte, L. Paunescu, M. Drăgoescu, F. Cosmulescu","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00149","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aimed to experimentally produce by sintering/foaming at over 950ºC a cellular glass with excellent physical, mechanical and microstructural characteristics using glass wastes (soda-lime glass and halogen lamps bulb glass), coal ash and silicon carbide as a foaming agent. The paper originality consists in the use of microwave heating, which allows the achievement of low specific energy consumptions (below 1kWh/kg). The main characteristics of the best experimental variant were: apparent density of 0.29g/cm 3 , thermal conductivity of 0.072W/m·K and compressive strength of 2.4MPa being suitable for the use of the product as a thermal insulating material in construction.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78697160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00151
Ottávio Carmignano
This paper presents a vision of clustering concerns and the searching for the best anti- clustering solutions, considering the vision of the iron ore pellets producers and DRI producers, as well. The test was carried out considering the general procedure of ISO 11256:2015 Iron ore pellets for shaft direct-reduction feedstocks - Determination of the clustering index, and, considering modification in the test temperature.
{"title":"Coating agents - a vision of clustering index comparison in the direct reduction stakeholders","authors":"Ottávio Carmignano","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a vision of clustering concerns and the searching for the best anti- clustering solutions, considering the vision of the iron ore pellets producers and DRI producers, as well. The test was carried out considering the general procedure of ISO 11256:2015 Iron ore pellets for shaft direct-reduction feedstocks - Determination of the clustering index, and, considering modification in the test temperature.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81899535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00166
Atef M. F. Mohammed, E. F. Mohamed, Inas A. Saleh, N. Abdel‐Latif
This review will shed the light on the relationship between COVID-19 infection rates and air pollution. TIt focuses broadly on the impact of lockdown on air quality over major cities across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. This concept will be covered via answer many open questions about the new COVID-19 problems. A quick look about the types of air pollutants and their health effects and supply a comprehensive knowledge in the air pollutants transport and multiple exposure pathways are explained. This review will elucidate the severe COVID-19 infections issues associated with different types of air pollutants. Additionally, it will discuss in details the impacts of short-term lockdown during COVID-19 and air quality in major cities around the world.
{"title":"Air pollution and COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Atef M. F. Mohammed, E. F. Mohamed, Inas A. Saleh, N. Abdel‐Latif","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00166","url":null,"abstract":"This review will shed the light on the relationship between COVID-19 infection rates and air pollution. TIt focuses broadly on the impact of lockdown on air quality over major cities across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. This concept will be covered via answer many open questions about the new COVID-19 problems. A quick look about the types of air pollutants and their health effects and supply a comprehensive knowledge in the air pollutants transport and multiple exposure pathways are explained. This review will elucidate the severe COVID-19 infections issues associated with different types of air pollutants. Additionally, it will discuss in details the impacts of short-term lockdown during COVID-19 and air quality in major cities around the world.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81946141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00163
J. Kang
{"title":"Editorial: open access journals’ situation and future","authors":"J. Kang","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2021.05.00163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00160
S. Alam
In the past 25 decades, natural sources have been absorbed with very high-speed, as a result our beloved planet is seriously damaged and contaminated. Tribology reinforced highly effective and high-speed equipment run by the power from coal and oil in the period with technological innovation of preserving power and components. Many types of sources reserves including those of power and components are being exhausted within one century. Revolutionary technologies of durability and zero-emission are being highly needed in the world sectors to determine new lifestyles of real health and durability for the everlasting living of humans and other resides in a symbiotic way. Tribology is predicted to build up its technological innovation for the needs in sectors and assistance a new industrial trend.
{"title":"Industrial tribology in the past, present and future: a review","authors":"S. Alam","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2021.05.00160","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 25 decades, natural sources have been absorbed with very high-speed, as a result our beloved planet is seriously damaged and contaminated. Tribology reinforced highly effective and high-speed equipment run by the power from coal and oil in the period with technological innovation of preserving power and components. Many types of sources reserves including those of power and components are being exhausted within one century. Revolutionary technologies of durability and zero-emission are being highly needed in the world sectors to determine new lifestyles of real health and durability for the everlasting living of humans and other resides in a symbiotic way. Tribology is predicted to build up its technological innovation for the needs in sectors and assistance a new industrial trend.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84665993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2020.04.00144
O. C
{"title":"Health implications of generated effluents in a metallurgical industry","authors":"O. C","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2020.04.00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2020.04.00144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77243129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2020.04.00141
André Carlos Silva, Ana Amorim, E. M. S. Silva, Ramon Vinhas Oliveira Lima, C. Mata
It is essential to use natural, non-polluting and low-cost reagents in froth flotation in order to achieve a more sustainable and environmentally friendly process in mineral industry. Therefore, flotation tests in Hallimond tube were carried out with high purity apatite crystals using a mixture of a Brazilian fruit (Macaúba) and seed oil (Jatropha Curcas). The tests were carried out at pH 8, using a collector dosage of 2.5 mg/L. The oils were mixed at five different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0). The synthetic fatty acid mix called Flotigam 5806, from Clariant, an industrially adopted collector was used as benchmark. Macaúba oil, which is the richest in oleic acid, promoted floatability of apatite similar to Flotigam 5806 (almost 92%) and quite superior to Jatropha oil. One explanation for the low performance of collector based on pure Jatropha oil could be due to its lower content of oleic acid. However, since the Jatropha oil has a lower cost than Macaúba oil, the resulting mixture of the two oils in a ratio of 90:10 (Macaúba: Jatropha) promoted the reduction of collector final cost (8% lower than pure Macaúba oil and 44 % lower than Flotigam 5806) while maintaining the floatability of apatite similar to Flotigam 5806 and pure Macaúba oil. However, prior to application at industrial scale it is recommended to use more laboratory tests using real ore from the plant.
{"title":"Flotation tests with a mix of two natural oils as apatite collectors","authors":"André Carlos Silva, Ana Amorim, E. M. S. Silva, Ramon Vinhas Oliveira Lima, C. Mata","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2020.04.00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2020.04.00141","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to use natural, non-polluting and low-cost reagents in froth flotation in order to achieve a more sustainable and environmentally friendly process in mineral industry. Therefore, flotation tests in Hallimond tube were carried out with high purity apatite crystals using a mixture of a Brazilian fruit (Macaúba) and seed oil (Jatropha Curcas). The tests were carried out at pH 8, using a collector dosage of 2.5 mg/L. The oils were mixed at five different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0). The synthetic fatty acid mix called Flotigam 5806, from Clariant, an industrially adopted collector was used as benchmark. Macaúba oil, which is the richest in oleic acid, promoted floatability of apatite similar to Flotigam 5806 (almost 92%) and quite superior to Jatropha oil. One explanation for the low performance of collector based on pure Jatropha oil could be due to its lower content of oleic acid. However, since the Jatropha oil has a lower cost than Macaúba oil, the resulting mixture of the two oils in a ratio of 90:10 (Macaúba: Jatropha) promoted the reduction of collector final cost (8% lower than pure Macaúba oil and 44 % lower than Flotigam 5806) while maintaining the floatability of apatite similar to Flotigam 5806 and pure Macaúba oil. However, prior to application at industrial scale it is recommended to use more laboratory tests using real ore from the plant.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87088746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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