Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00103
O. Olaniran, O. Uwaifo, E. Bamidele, Bolanle A. Olaniran
The availability of diverse materials has posed a big challenge of materials selection for different engineering applications.1 However; this has enhanced the preference for affordable high performance materials with requisite quality. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) has emerged as a viable alternative to different conventional materials.2 The application of these composites have been established in different industries such aerospace, marine, defense and automobile. Metals such as copper, aluminium, magnesium and their alloys are the most commonly used MMCs due to their light weights. The unique properties of these metals are combined with different kind of reinforcement materials to produce composite materials of distinct properties.3‒6 Aluminium based composites has continually generated a lot of interest judging from the available volume of literature. The versatility of its application, lower cost of production and its outstanding properties have distinguished Al based composites and it has remained the most used MMC.2 The reinforcement materials selected with Al MMC is very crucial in harnessing the desired property. In different research, numerous reinforcement materials such as fly ash, silicon carbide, alumina, silica, graphite, mica among others have been selected with Aluminium MMCs.7 However, the areas of application of Al based composites is expected to continue growing. Therefore, different combinations of important reinforcement materials particularly agro waste products including bamboo leaf ash and rice husk require further study.
{"title":"An investigation of the mechanical properties of organic silica, bamboo leaf ash and rice husk reinforced aluminium hybrid composite","authors":"O. Olaniran, O. Uwaifo, E. Bamidele, Bolanle A. Olaniran","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00103","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of diverse materials has posed a big challenge of materials selection for different engineering applications.1 However; this has enhanced the preference for affordable high performance materials with requisite quality. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) has emerged as a viable alternative to different conventional materials.2 The application of these composites have been established in different industries such aerospace, marine, defense and automobile. Metals such as copper, aluminium, magnesium and their alloys are the most commonly used MMCs due to their light weights. The unique properties of these metals are combined with different kind of reinforcement materials to produce composite materials of distinct properties.3‒6 Aluminium based composites has continually generated a lot of interest judging from the available volume of literature. The versatility of its application, lower cost of production and its outstanding properties have distinguished Al based composites and it has remained the most used MMC.2 The reinforcement materials selected with Al MMC is very crucial in harnessing the desired property. In different research, numerous reinforcement materials such as fly ash, silicon carbide, alumina, silica, graphite, mica among others have been selected with Aluminium MMCs.7 However, the areas of application of Al based composites is expected to continue growing. Therefore, different combinations of important reinforcement materials particularly agro waste products including bamboo leaf ash and rice husk require further study.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89487413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00095
Iwamoto Gy
The discovery of nonferrous magnetic alloys was reported by Heusler1 in 1898 and since then the investigation and application of these alloys on industrial and scientific devices have been growing continuously. Guillaud2 described a variable Curie Temperature (between 90°C and 314°C) for MnSb alloy, obtained exclusively through the variation of the stoichiometry (from 45% to 49% in atomic percentage of Sb (at.%Sb). At least six different phase diagrams were published, besides the long time from its discovery, they still have some uncertain regions related to minimum/maximum stoichiometry of MnSb phase and its respective Tc. Okamoto’s phase diagram3 defines this region being from 45% and 49% atomic Sb at room temperature up to 314°C, and respective Tc varying from 90°C to 314°C. Crystallographic files from ICSD4 provide references where the phase is described as Mn1.092Sb or Mn1.1Sb. Eight samples, from 43% to 50% at. Sb was produced, covering the complete range of Mn1.092Sb phase. Guillaud 2 reported a tunable magnetic transition through stoichiometry between 90°C to 314°C, Teramoto & Van Run5 confirmed the non dependency of annealing temperature between 400°C and 700°C for 49% atomic of Sb, and plotted a partial phase diagram (Figure 1), where MnSb stable phase varies with temperature from 46 to 50%at of Sb at 400°C, and a single point at 41% atomic Sb (%at.Sb) at 840°C describing a non linear behavior. Teramoto & Van Run5 reported quenching from temperatures between 400°C to 700°C didn’t change the Tc, being independent of annealing or quenching temperature, but only related to stoichiometry. Okamoto3 reported a peritectic transition at 840°C and variable Tc related stoichiometry from 44% to 49% at.Sb. at 400°C. Chen6 identified the peritectic temperature at 843°C and the stoichiometry between 45% and 49.5% atomic of Sb at 400°C, Vanyarkho7 r e p o r t e d the peritectic temperature at 841°C and the MnSb phase from 45% to 49% at 400°C, Williams8 reported the peritectic temperature at 853°C and variable magnetic range from 40% to 50% below 573; and Kainzbauer9 reported the peritectic temperature at 830°C and limits of MnSb phase from 45.5% to 50.5at% of Sb. Although Guillaud2 described the reaction at MnSb alloy as a SOMT (Second Order Magnetic Transition), Nwodo10 reported a FOMT (first order magnetic transition), AFM-FI (Antiferromagnetic→Ferrimagnetic) reaction, attributed to a spin reorientation of Mn2Sb dropped with Sn (Mn2Sb0.9Sn0.1).
{"title":"Study of MnSb alloy on the range of 43% to 50% of at.%Sb, revealed an unexpected presence of MN2SB phase","authors":"Iwamoto Gy","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00095","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of nonferrous magnetic alloys was reported by Heusler1 in 1898 and since then the investigation and application of these alloys on industrial and scientific devices have been growing continuously. Guillaud2 described a variable Curie Temperature (between 90°C and 314°C) for MnSb alloy, obtained exclusively through the variation of the stoichiometry (from 45% to 49% in atomic percentage of Sb (at.%Sb). At least six different phase diagrams were published, besides the long time from its discovery, they still have some uncertain regions related to minimum/maximum stoichiometry of MnSb phase and its respective Tc. Okamoto’s phase diagram3 defines this region being from 45% and 49% atomic Sb at room temperature up to 314°C, and respective Tc varying from 90°C to 314°C. Crystallographic files from ICSD4 provide references where the phase is described as Mn1.092Sb or Mn1.1Sb. Eight samples, from 43% to 50% at. Sb was produced, covering the complete range of Mn1.092Sb phase. Guillaud 2 reported a tunable magnetic transition through stoichiometry between 90°C to 314°C, Teramoto & Van Run5 confirmed the non dependency of annealing temperature between 400°C and 700°C for 49% atomic of Sb, and plotted a partial phase diagram (Figure 1), where MnSb stable phase varies with temperature from 46 to 50%at of Sb at 400°C, and a single point at 41% atomic Sb (%at.Sb) at 840°C describing a non linear behavior. Teramoto & Van Run5 reported quenching from temperatures between 400°C to 700°C didn’t change the Tc, being independent of annealing or quenching temperature, but only related to stoichiometry. Okamoto3 reported a peritectic transition at 840°C and variable Tc related stoichiometry from 44% to 49% at.Sb. at 400°C. Chen6 identified the peritectic temperature at 843°C and the stoichiometry between 45% and 49.5% atomic of Sb at 400°C, Vanyarkho7 r e p o r t e d the peritectic temperature at 841°C and the MnSb phase from 45% to 49% at 400°C, Williams8 reported the peritectic temperature at 853°C and variable magnetic range from 40% to 50% below 573; and Kainzbauer9 reported the peritectic temperature at 830°C and limits of MnSb phase from 45.5% to 50.5at% of Sb. Although Guillaud2 described the reaction at MnSb alloy as a SOMT (Second Order Magnetic Transition), Nwodo10 reported a FOMT (first order magnetic transition), AFM-FI (Antiferromagnetic→Ferrimagnetic) reaction, attributed to a spin reorientation of Mn2Sb dropped with Sn (Mn2Sb0.9Sn0.1).","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86816976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00093
K. El-hami, Ikram Labtaini
Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 has a wide range of applications in a number of fields, such as medical, chemistry and industrial. Calcium phosphates are used in many biomedical applications through good biocompatibility and bioactivity. In biochemistry, calcium phosphates participate in providing energy for metabolism and substances and contribute to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues.1 The main industrial application of calcium phosphate is in the production of agriculture fertilizers. Many studies have been carried out on the crystalline structure and the crystallographic parameters of natural phosphates; the most common way to determine such structures is X-ray diffraction. Therefore, a study at the crystallographic level can be useful to help us understand some properties related to different problem and applications. Indeed, many authors explored several analyses of untreated phosphates that show a variation of their characteristics and their field of application.2–4 The aim of this article is to compare the composition and the structure of calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 from two different mining centers with X-ray diffraction. The particularity in this study is the characterization of the calcium phosphate samples as-received.
{"title":"X-ray diffraction characterization of the untreated calcium phosphate from two Moroccan mining zones","authors":"K. El-hami, Ikram Labtaini","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00093","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 has a wide range of applications in a number of fields, such as medical, chemistry and industrial. Calcium phosphates are used in many biomedical applications through good biocompatibility and bioactivity. In biochemistry, calcium phosphates participate in providing energy for metabolism and substances and contribute to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues.1 The main industrial application of calcium phosphate is in the production of agriculture fertilizers. Many studies have been carried out on the crystalline structure and the crystallographic parameters of natural phosphates; the most common way to determine such structures is X-ray diffraction. Therefore, a study at the crystallographic level can be useful to help us understand some properties related to different problem and applications. Indeed, many authors explored several analyses of untreated phosphates that show a variation of their characteristics and their field of application.2–4 The aim of this article is to compare the composition and the structure of calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 from two different mining centers with X-ray diffraction. The particularity in this study is the characterization of the calcium phosphate samples as-received.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00115
I. Shahidul
The metals process the industry is a source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG), and the major components of these gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and Fluorinated gases (F-gases). The GHG is responsible for global warming potentials (GWP) and climate change.1,2 However, the common source of GHG emission is electricity production from fossil fuel to operate metals industries and as well from metals processing.3 The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 65 percent.4 The methane is the second-largest carbon in GHG after CO2, which accounted for 16 percent of global emission. The effect of CH4 on GWP and climate change is about 25 percent higher than CO2. 5,6 Nitrous oxide is also a part of GHG in the atmosphere, and its contribution to GHG is about 6 percent. It has been reported that the metal process industries are a major emission source of N2O. 7,8The Fluorinated gas is a part of GHG and has a significant effect on climate change. The fact is the process of the metal industries are associated with Fluorinated gas emission. This gas includes hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride SF6.9,10 The Magnesium (Mg), Zinc, Lead, and other metals processing industries are the emitter of this gas.11 However, in a report, IEA stated that the burning of fossil fuel for electricity production to operate heavy industries like Iron, and Aluminum, Zinc. Magnesium and copper and significantly responsible for GWP.4,12
{"title":"An insight on the greenhouse gas emission from the metals process industries and its effects on climate change","authors":"I. Shahidul","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00115","url":null,"abstract":"The metals process the industry is a source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG), and the major components of these gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and Fluorinated gases (F-gases). The GHG is responsible for global warming potentials (GWP) and climate change.1,2 However, the common source of GHG emission is electricity production from fossil fuel to operate metals industries and as well from metals processing.3 The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 65 percent.4 The methane is the second-largest carbon in GHG after CO2, which accounted for 16 percent of global emission. The effect of CH4 on GWP and climate change is about 25 percent higher than CO2. 5,6 Nitrous oxide is also a part of GHG in the atmosphere, and its contribution to GHG is about 6 percent. It has been reported that the metal process industries are a major emission source of N2O. 7,8The Fluorinated gas is a part of GHG and has a significant effect on climate change. The fact is the process of the metal industries are associated with Fluorinated gas emission. This gas includes hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride SF6.9,10 The Magnesium (Mg), Zinc, Lead, and other metals processing industries are the emitter of this gas.11 However, in a report, IEA stated that the burning of fossil fuel for electricity production to operate heavy industries like Iron, and Aluminum, Zinc. Magnesium and copper and significantly responsible for GWP.4,12","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83576108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00106
Gunel Huseynova
The development of organic semiconducting materials paved a path for developing a range of organic devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic light – emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs)1 and so on. There are a lot of advantages of these organic semiconducting materials and devices made based on them over their inorganic counterparts such as unique physical and mechanical properties which in its turn opens opportunities for flexible, light – weight, printable and even paperbased devices.2–5 Organic materials are also very easily processed. They offer fabrication methods ranging from conventional thermal evaporation to solution – processing that enables simple fabrication steps such as spin – coating,6 drop – casting,7 inkjet – printing8 and etc. at temperatures as low as room temperature. Also, organic materials are plenty and hundreds of them are synthesized every year. They offer a great range of options for synthesizers. But the main advantage of these organic materials and devices is that they themselves and the processes they go through are not as expensive and complicated as those of their inorganic counterparts. But organic semiconductors suffer from very serious problems such as very poor electrical properties and stability. Although organic semiconductors offer a great range of application fields, these two issues make them fall behind the inorganic semiconductors.
{"title":"Molecular chemical doping for improvement of performance in organic field effect transistors","authors":"Gunel Huseynova","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00106","url":null,"abstract":"The development of organic semiconducting materials paved a path for developing a range of organic devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic light – emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs)1 and so on. There are a lot of advantages of these organic semiconducting materials and devices made based on them over their inorganic counterparts such as unique physical and mechanical properties which in its turn opens opportunities for flexible, light – weight, printable and even paperbased devices.2–5 Organic materials are also very easily processed. They offer fabrication methods ranging from conventional thermal evaporation to solution – processing that enables simple fabrication steps such as spin – coating,6 drop – casting,7 inkjet – printing8 and etc. at temperatures as low as room temperature. Also, organic materials are plenty and hundreds of them are synthesized every year. They offer a great range of options for synthesizers. But the main advantage of these organic materials and devices is that they themselves and the processes they go through are not as expensive and complicated as those of their inorganic counterparts. But organic semiconductors suffer from very serious problems such as very poor electrical properties and stability. Although organic semiconductors offer a great range of application fields, these two issues make them fall behind the inorganic semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80478859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00089
G. Huseynov
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are the potential key materials for future flexible electronics due to their outstanding mechanical and optoelectronic properties1,2 Electronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes have already shown successful progress for flat panel displays, and application of OSCs is gradually expanding to various fields of electronics.1–3 However, OSCs still lag behind inorganic ones due to their poor electrical properties including low charge carrier mobility and conductivity as well as device stability issues.4–7 In order to overcome these issues, several approaches have been developed one of which is doping.5 Doping is one of the most effective methods to improve electrical properties of OSCs through increasing their charge carrier density and mobility.2,8–11 However, the doping of OSCs is different from the doping of inorganic ones. Unlike the latter, doping in organic electronics does not assume the replacement of a host lattice atom by an impurity atom. It is rather a simple charge transfer between two molecules.2,8,9,12–14 A significant number of research groups have reported different kinds of dopants for OSCs. In this review, a summary of the dopants, namely cationic species that can be applied as both pand n-type dopants, is introduced. Cationic dyes as dopants for organic molecules
{"title":"Cationic species as dopants for organic semiconductors","authors":"G. Huseynov","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00089","url":null,"abstract":"Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are the potential key materials for future flexible electronics due to their outstanding mechanical and optoelectronic properties1,2 Electronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes have already shown successful progress for flat panel displays, and application of OSCs is gradually expanding to various fields of electronics.1–3 However, OSCs still lag behind inorganic ones due to their poor electrical properties including low charge carrier mobility and conductivity as well as device stability issues.4–7 In order to overcome these issues, several approaches have been developed one of which is doping.5 Doping is one of the most effective methods to improve electrical properties of OSCs through increasing their charge carrier density and mobility.2,8–11 However, the doping of OSCs is different from the doping of inorganic ones. Unlike the latter, doping in organic electronics does not assume the replacement of a host lattice atom by an impurity atom. It is rather a simple charge transfer between two molecules.2,8,9,12–14 A significant number of research groups have reported different kinds of dopants for OSCs. In this review, a summary of the dopants, namely cationic species that can be applied as both pand n-type dopants, is introduced. Cationic dyes as dopants for organic molecules","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80545799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00116
A. Grozdanov, G. Gentile, M. Avella, T. Dobreva, R. Kotsilkova
Design and development of new types of polymer based nanocomposites (NC) is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research activity whose results could broaden the applications of polymers to the great benefit of many different industries: automotive, construction, aerospace, electrical and electronics, food packaging.1‒4 Polymers, resins and plastics containing additives such as clays and various nanostructures have recently become widely used as replacements for conventional materials of steel and other metal products, or their coatings, especially in the field of automotive industry. The application of the polymer NC coatings for the corrosion protection of steels was reviewed by Toshiaki Ohtsuka5 he reported various systems mainly based on conductive polymer matrix. The incorporation of layered silicates into polymer matrix was a research focus for many years, since the results of the Toyota research team showed that the incorporation of 2 vol% of exfoliated clay into Naylon-6 contributes to about 90oC increase in glass transition temperature and double Young’s modulus.4 Traditionally, alkyd resins as oil-modified polyesters, have been placed amongst the most widely used resins in exterior solvent-based inexpensive coating applications because of their high gloss and durability. Alkyd-based nanocomposite coatings were reported to exhibit better properties compared to the traditional ones.2 It was shown that water vapour permeability of nanocomposite coatings remarkably decreased with respect to neat coating. For example, a decrease of water vapour permeability by a factor of 15 has been measured.1 Inorganic–organic composites based on organo-alkoxysilanes and other alkoxides have demonstrated their usefulness even for hard coatings on eye-glass lenses.6 It has been shown that the addition of nanoparticles, especially in combination with epoxy silanes, which act as an inorganic as well as an organic crosslinking agent, leads to a substantial increase of the abrasion resistance of such systems without losing any transparency. Therefore, due to the incorporation of nanoparticles into the certain polymer matrix, high abrasion resistance can be obtained.1,5 Avella et al.7 have shown that the presence of only 2% nanoparticles strongly improves the abrasion resistance, as well as the wear of Poly(Methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). 6 The nanocomposites showed an average weight loss about half (2,5% against 5% of removal material) with respect to that of neat polymer.
{"title":"Nanocomposite coatings based on alkyd resin with TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"A. Grozdanov, G. Gentile, M. Avella, T. Dobreva, R. Kotsilkova","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00116","url":null,"abstract":"Design and development of new types of polymer based nanocomposites (NC) is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research activity whose results could broaden the applications of polymers to the great benefit of many different industries: automotive, construction, aerospace, electrical and electronics, food packaging.1‒4 Polymers, resins and plastics containing additives such as clays and various nanostructures have recently become widely used as replacements for conventional materials of steel and other metal products, or their coatings, especially in the field of automotive industry. The application of the polymer NC coatings for the corrosion protection of steels was reviewed by Toshiaki Ohtsuka5 he reported various systems mainly based on conductive polymer matrix. The incorporation of layered silicates into polymer matrix was a research focus for many years, since the results of the Toyota research team showed that the incorporation of 2 vol% of exfoliated clay into Naylon-6 contributes to about 90oC increase in glass transition temperature and double Young’s modulus.4 Traditionally, alkyd resins as oil-modified polyesters, have been placed amongst the most widely used resins in exterior solvent-based inexpensive coating applications because of their high gloss and durability. Alkyd-based nanocomposite coatings were reported to exhibit better properties compared to the traditional ones.2 It was shown that water vapour permeability of nanocomposite coatings remarkably decreased with respect to neat coating. For example, a decrease of water vapour permeability by a factor of 15 has been measured.1 Inorganic–organic composites based on organo-alkoxysilanes and other alkoxides have demonstrated their usefulness even for hard coatings on eye-glass lenses.6 It has been shown that the addition of nanoparticles, especially in combination with epoxy silanes, which act as an inorganic as well as an organic crosslinking agent, leads to a substantial increase of the abrasion resistance of such systems without losing any transparency. Therefore, due to the incorporation of nanoparticles into the certain polymer matrix, high abrasion resistance can be obtained.1,5 Avella et al.7 have shown that the presence of only 2% nanoparticles strongly improves the abrasion resistance, as well as the wear of Poly(Methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). 6 The nanocomposites showed an average weight loss about half (2,5% against 5% of removal material) with respect to that of neat polymer.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00086
Jinwu Kang
Phase diagrams describing phases under varying composition, temperature and pressure are considered as the road maps for metals and alloys, minerals and ceramics. They are usually of very complicated spatial geometry, hard for understanding. Wireframe phase diagram models have been always used in teaching and scientific research since 1950’s.1 As information technology appeared, computer aided drawing of phase diagrams came to be popular.2–9 Some commercial phase diagram software were developed, such as Panda T, Thermo calc, Fact Sage, etc. However, the display of 3D phase diagram on monitor or paper is actually a faked 3D stereo display. They are 3D shapes, but they can be only watched as 2D images, 3D effects are realized by perspective view, or by rotation and slicing of the models. It is hard to tell the special relationships of curves, surfaces and solid regions of the three dimensional phase diagrams printed in books. Tamas and Pal realized 3D stereo effect of phase diagrams by anaglyph method as early as 1970.10 But, all the figures were the combinations of only red and cyan lines and curves by hand drawing. Thus, it was impossible to realize plane shading, transparency effect, color pictures and movies. Kang et al. managed to improve the illustration of complex phase diagrams, such as wireframe phase diagrams, computer aided models and introduced 3D stereo visualization into phase diagram and modeling and simulation and published an album about simulated results of castings in which the stereo effect can be achieved by the aid of red-cyan glasses.11–13 In this paper, with the adoption of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology, significant 3D stereo effect of a typical complex phase diagram was realized.
{"title":"3D Stereo spatial phase diagram for a typical complex ternary system","authors":"Jinwu Kang","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00086","url":null,"abstract":"Phase diagrams describing phases under varying composition, temperature and pressure are considered as the road maps for metals and alloys, minerals and ceramics. They are usually of very complicated spatial geometry, hard for understanding. Wireframe phase diagram models have been always used in teaching and scientific research since 1950’s.1 As information technology appeared, computer aided drawing of phase diagrams came to be popular.2–9 Some commercial phase diagram software were developed, such as Panda T, Thermo calc, Fact Sage, etc. However, the display of 3D phase diagram on monitor or paper is actually a faked 3D stereo display. They are 3D shapes, but they can be only watched as 2D images, 3D effects are realized by perspective view, or by rotation and slicing of the models. It is hard to tell the special relationships of curves, surfaces and solid regions of the three dimensional phase diagrams printed in books. Tamas and Pal realized 3D stereo effect of phase diagrams by anaglyph method as early as 1970.10 But, all the figures were the combinations of only red and cyan lines and curves by hand drawing. Thus, it was impossible to realize plane shading, transparency effect, color pictures and movies. Kang et al. managed to improve the illustration of complex phase diagrams, such as wireframe phase diagrams, computer aided models and introduced 3D stereo visualization into phase diagram and modeling and simulation and published an album about simulated results of castings in which the stereo effect can be achieved by the aid of red-cyan glasses.11–13 In this paper, with the adoption of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology, significant 3D stereo effect of a typical complex phase diagram was realized.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90615659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00091
B. C., Deferrari N
{"title":"Study of hot-workability of titanium alloys through hot-torsion testing and its application to the optimization of forging and extrusion processes","authors":"B. C., Deferrari N","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2019.03.00091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75418472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MSEIJ.2019.03.00079
Jinwu Kang
research and review articles were published in volume 2 in 2018. Ghann & Uddin1 investigated the synthesis and characterization of CdSeS/ZnS quantum–dot–gold nanoparticles hybrids (denoted as QD–GNP) , which is a composite structure of semiconductor nanomaterial and metal nanoparticles. Its wavelength of maximum absorption is different from the gold nanoparticles and the quantum dot. And strong photoluminescence quenching was observed in this hybrid. The interaction of this hybrid with terahertz radiation shows the unique terahertz signal of the un conjugated gold nanoparticles and quantum dots versus the conjugated forms. The results indicate that the hybrid gold nanoparticle and quantum dot will have great potential for other optical application. Abraham et al.,2 prepared multiwalled carbon nanotube based styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Imdazolium type ionic liquid was found to facilitate the dispersion of MWCNT in polymer matrix and to act as accelerators for the sulphur vulcanisation of SBR composites and to be helpful for the formation of three dimensional network of MWCNT in rubber matrix. Phul et al.,3 reported a synthesis method of copper nanoparticles by wet chemical reduction using L–ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The as–synthesized nanoparticles have cubic structure with an average particle size of 3 nm, with10times higher surface area as compared to the literature. The fabricated Cu nanoparticles showed noteworthy enhancement in the degradation of Rhodamine B organic dye when used as catalyst for its degradation under both dark and light conditions.
{"title":"Nano materials are at the frontier of research","authors":"Jinwu Kang","doi":"10.15406/MSEIJ.2019.03.00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MSEIJ.2019.03.00079","url":null,"abstract":"research and review articles were published in volume 2 in 2018. Ghann & Uddin1 investigated the synthesis and characterization of CdSeS/ZnS quantum–dot–gold nanoparticles hybrids (denoted as QD–GNP) , which is a composite structure of semiconductor nanomaterial and metal nanoparticles. Its wavelength of maximum absorption is different from the gold nanoparticles and the quantum dot. And strong photoluminescence quenching was observed in this hybrid. The interaction of this hybrid with terahertz radiation shows the unique terahertz signal of the un conjugated gold nanoparticles and quantum dots versus the conjugated forms. The results indicate that the hybrid gold nanoparticle and quantum dot will have great potential for other optical application. Abraham et al.,2 prepared multiwalled carbon nanotube based styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Imdazolium type ionic liquid was found to facilitate the dispersion of MWCNT in polymer matrix and to act as accelerators for the sulphur vulcanisation of SBR composites and to be helpful for the formation of three dimensional network of MWCNT in rubber matrix. Phul et al.,3 reported a synthesis method of copper nanoparticles by wet chemical reduction using L–ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The as–synthesized nanoparticles have cubic structure with an average particle size of 3 nm, with10times higher surface area as compared to the literature. The fabricated Cu nanoparticles showed noteworthy enhancement in the degradation of Rhodamine B organic dye when used as catalyst for its degradation under both dark and light conditions.","PeriodicalId":18241,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86840543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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