Often newer practical materials and devices, with huge economic gains, have resulted from commercialization of suitable selections of latest research on materials and their applications. Spread of laboratory discoveries of semiconductors and their properties to practical applications in every sphere of life and industry is the easiest example. Present work will focus on a few random examples of newer materials science research topics that is, or may possibly be, commercially exploited. Piezoelectric (PE) materials including High Temperature (HT) PE materials will be outlined for industry to explore novel applications ranging from ultrafine manipulation to heavy duty drilling and making PE sensors, actuators and ultrasonic devices. Higher electrical conductivity of a defect form of II=VI oxides (Cd-O in particular) is highlighted for possible practical exploitations. For 2nd generation Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding, polymeric composites with either newer absorbing agents or newer reflecting agents or their mixtures will be outlined. Novel Fe- or Ni- based HTSCs (high temperature superconductors) are less anisotropic and rather metallic in contrast to Cu-oxide HTSCs. So, these offer added advantage for making superconducting electrical cables. A balanced presentation of these potentially usable materials and their basic physics will be attempted.
{"title":"Materials science findings to trigger some industrial applications","authors":"U. De, B. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.13005/msri/170203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/170203","url":null,"abstract":"Often newer practical materials and devices, with huge economic gains, have resulted from commercialization of suitable selections of latest research on materials and their applications. Spread of laboratory discoveries of semiconductors and their properties to practical applications in every sphere of life and industry is the easiest example. Present work will focus on a few random examples of newer materials science research topics that is, or may possibly be, commercially exploited. Piezoelectric (PE) materials including High Temperature (HT) PE materials will be outlined for industry to explore novel applications ranging from ultrafine manipulation to heavy duty drilling and making PE sensors, actuators and ultrasonic devices. Higher electrical conductivity of a defect form of II=VI oxides (Cd-O in particular) is highlighted for possible practical exploitations. For 2nd generation Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding, polymeric composites with either newer absorbing agents or newer reflecting agents or their mixtures will be outlined. Novel Fe- or Ni- based HTSCs (high temperature superconductors) are less anisotropic and rather metallic in contrast to Cu-oxide HTSCs. So, these offer added advantage for making superconducting electrical cables. A balanced presentation of these potentially usable materials and their basic physics will be attempted.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73336691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hard coatings can be grown on the tool surface at a maximum deposition temperature of 1000°C for CVD and 500°C for PVD. The thickness of CVD and PVD coatings can be over 20 μm, and up to 10-15 μm, respectively. In industrial production, 0.5-4 μm thick PVD coatings are usually selected for specific applications. Coating architecture can be designed as a single layer, multilayer, graded, nanostructured or nanocomposite layer.
{"title":"An Insight into TiN, TiAlN and AlTiN Hard Coatings for Cutting Tools","authors":"M. Lungu","doi":"10.13005/MSRI/170202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/MSRI/170202","url":null,"abstract":"Hard coatings can be grown on the tool surface at a maximum deposition temperature of 1000°C for CVD and 500°C for PVD. The thickness of CVD and PVD coatings can be over 20 μm, and up to 10-15 μm, respectively. In industrial production, 0.5-4 μm thick PVD coatings are usually selected for specific applications. Coating architecture can be designed as a single layer, multilayer, graded, nanostructured or nanocomposite layer.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"23 1","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Salam, Shehan Habib, Paroma Arefin, K. Ahmed, M. Uddin, T. Hossain
Hydrogen fuel cell technology is now being extensively researched around the world to find a reliable renewable energy source. Global warming, national calamities, fossil-fuel shortages have drawn global attention to environment friendly and renewable energy source. The hydrogen fuel cell technology most certainly fits those requisites. New researches facilitate improving performance, endurance, cost-efficiency, and overcoming limitations of the fuel cells. The various factors affecting the features and the efficiency of a fuel cell must be explored in the course of advancement in a specific manner. Temperature is one of the most critical performance-changing parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). In this review paper, we have discussed the impact of temperature on the efficiency and durability of the hydrogen fuel cell, more precisely, on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). We found that increase in temperature increases the performance and efficiency, power production, voltage, leakage current, but decreases mass crossover and durability. But we concluded with the findings that an optimum temperature is required for the best performance.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Performance Factors and Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane of Hydrogen Fuel Cell: A Narrative Review","authors":"M. A. Salam, Shehan Habib, Paroma Arefin, K. Ahmed, M. Uddin, T. Hossain","doi":"10.13005/msri/170210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/170210","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen fuel cell technology is now being extensively researched around the world to find a reliable renewable energy source. Global warming, national calamities, fossil-fuel shortages have drawn global attention to environment friendly and renewable energy source. The hydrogen fuel cell technology most certainly fits those requisites. New researches facilitate improving performance, endurance, cost-efficiency, and overcoming limitations of the fuel cells. The various factors affecting the features and the efficiency of a fuel cell must be explored in the course of advancement in a specific manner. Temperature is one of the most critical performance-changing parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). In this review paper, we have discussed the impact of temperature on the efficiency and durability of the hydrogen fuel cell, more precisely, on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). We found that increase in temperature increases the performance and efficiency, power production, voltage, leakage current, but decreases mass crossover and durability. But we concluded with the findings that an optimum temperature is required for the best performance.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.13005/msri.17.special-issue
S. Mahmood, S. Mahmood
The current revolution in Materials Science leading to vast advances in pre-existing and emerging technologies had significantly impacted all aspects of our modern life. The continuous efforts in searching for new functional and smart materials facilitated the design of miniaturized and more efficient devices, and led to great advancements in pharmaceutical, medicinal, agricultural, energy related industries, and many more. Before employment in a given application, a newly developed material needs to be fully characterized and tested for efficient delivery and fulfillment of industrial and technological requirements. This calls for establishing experimental setups equipped with modern testing facilities that could be exceedingly expensive, and time consuming. In addition, the cost of materials for experimental work could be high in some cases. The financial limitations, however, make it difficult to construct such facilities for a large fraction of researchers worldwide, especially in nations with limited financial resources. Accordingly, computational techniques have been developed to provide efficient materials characterization, and design of smart materials and devices for practical applications at a relatively low cost. These techniques are also crucial in providing detailed information about the structural and physical properties of the material at the molecular level, thus allowing for better understanding of how the material functions, and facilitating the tuning and improvement of the material’s characteristics for a specific application. However, comparison of the results of the computational techniques with experimental results is crucial to examine the reliability of the computational techniques, at least in its initial stages.
{"title":"Computational Methods in Material Science","authors":"S. Mahmood, S. Mahmood","doi":"10.13005/msri.17.special-issue","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri.17.special-issue","url":null,"abstract":"The current revolution in Materials Science leading to vast advances in pre-existing and emerging technologies had significantly impacted all aspects of our modern life. The continuous efforts in searching for new functional and smart materials facilitated the design of miniaturized and more efficient devices, and led to great advancements in pharmaceutical, medicinal, agricultural, energy related industries, and many more. Before employment in a given application, a newly developed material needs to be fully characterized and tested for efficient delivery and fulfillment of industrial and technological requirements. This calls for establishing experimental setups equipped with modern testing facilities that could be exceedingly expensive, and time consuming. In addition, the cost of materials for experimental work could be high in some cases. The financial limitations, however, make it difficult to construct such facilities for a large fraction of researchers worldwide, especially in nations with limited financial resources. Accordingly, computational techniques have been developed to provide efficient materials characterization, and design of smart materials and devices for practical applications at a relatively low cost. These techniques are also crucial in providing detailed information about the structural and physical properties of the material at the molecular level, thus allowing for better understanding of how the material functions, and facilitating the tuning and improvement of the material’s characteristics for a specific application. However, comparison of the results of the computational techniques with experimental results is crucial to examine the reliability of the computational techniques, at least in its initial stages.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77329105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.04
B. Jagdale, Vishnu Ashok Adole, Thansing Bhavsing Pawar, B. S. Desale
n the current investigation, we wish to report a combined study on the theoretical and experimental investigation of structural, molecular, and spectral properties of ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (EDMT). The EDMT molecule is synthesized and characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and mass spectral techniques. The density functional theory (DFT) investigation was performed by using the B3LYP level of theory at 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis is likewise examined. An TD-DFT method was used for the UV-Visible spectral analysis by using the B3LYP level and 6-311++G (d,p) basis set in the DMSO solvent. Experimental and theoretical UV-Visible spectra were compared in the present study. Various reactivity descriptors are discussed. Besides, Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic surface potential (MESP), and some valuable thermodynamic functions are studied.
{"title":"Molecular Structure, Frontier Molecular Orbitals, MESP and UV–Visible Spectroscopy Studies of Ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate: A Theoretical and Experimental Appraisal","authors":"B. Jagdale, Vishnu Ashok Adole, Thansing Bhavsing Pawar, B. S. Desale","doi":"10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.04","url":null,"abstract":"n the current investigation, we wish to report a combined study on the theoretical and experimental investigation of structural, molecular, and spectral properties of ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (EDMT). The EDMT molecule is synthesized and characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and mass spectral techniques. The density functional theory (DFT) investigation was performed by using the B3LYP level of theory at 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis is likewise examined. An TD-DFT method was used for the UV-Visible spectral analysis by using the B3LYP level and 6-311++G (d,p) basis set in the DMSO solvent. Experimental and theoretical UV-Visible spectra were compared in the present study. Various reactivity descriptors are discussed. Besides, Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic surface potential (MESP), and some valuable thermodynamic functions are studied.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"70 1","pages":"13-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.02
Arunabha M. Roy
A phase-field (PF) model for the phase transformation (PT) between austenite and martensite and twinning between two martensite is presented where PT is described by a single order parameter. Such a description helps us to obtain the analytical solution of interface energetics and kinetics. PF-elasticity problems are solved for cubic-to-tetragonal PT in NiAl. The stress and temperature-induced PT and corresponding twinning and growth of the martensitic phase inside a nanocrystal are simulated. It reproduces nontrivial experimentally observed nanostructure such as splitting and bending of martensitic nanostructure as well as twins crossing. The evolution and morphology of such interesting nanostructures are discussed.
{"title":"Evolution of Martensitic Nanostructure in NiAl Alloys: Tip Splitting and Bending","authors":"Arunabha M. Roy","doi":"10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.02","url":null,"abstract":"A phase-field (PF) model for the phase transformation (PT) between austenite and martensite and twinning between two martensite is presented where PT is described by a single order parameter. Such a description helps us to obtain the analytical solution of interface energetics and kinetics. PF-elasticity problems are solved for cubic-to-tetragonal PT in NiAl. The stress and temperature-induced PT and corresponding twinning and growth of the martensitic phase inside a nanocrystal are simulated. It reproduces nontrivial experimentally observed nanostructure such as splitting and bending of martensitic nanostructure as well as twins crossing. The evolution and morphology of such interesting nanostructures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18247,"journal":{"name":"Material Science Research India","volume":"762 1","pages":"03-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78815184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：