Biomineralization, a bio-organism controlled mineral formation process, plays an important role in linking biological organisms and mineral materials in nature. Inspired by biomineralization, biomimetic mineralization is used as a bridge tool to integrate biological organisms and functional materials together, which can be beneficial for the development of diversified functional organism-material hybrids. In this review, recent progresses on the techniques of biomimetic mineralization for organism-material combinations are summarized and discussed. Based upon these techniques, the preparations and applications of virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have been presented and they demonstrate the great potentials in the fields of vaccine improvement, cell protection, energy production, environmental and biomedical treatments, etc. We suggest that more researches about functional organism and material combination with more biocompatible techniques should be developed to improve the design and applications of specific organism-material hybrids. These rationally designed organism-material hybrids will shed light on the production of "live materials" with more advanced functions in future. Statement of significance This review summaries the recent attempts on improving biological organisms by their integrations with functional materials, which can be achieved by biomimetic mineralization as the combination tool. The integrated materials, as the artificial shells or organelles, confer diversified functions on the enclosed organisms. The successful constructions of various virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have demonstrated the great potentials of the material incorporation strategy in vaccine development, cancer treatment, biological photosynthesis and environment protection etc. The suggested challenges and perspectives indicate more inspirations for the future development of organism-material hybrids.
{"title":"Improvement of Organisms by Biomimetic Mineralization: A Material Incorporation Strategy for Biological Modification","authors":"Yueqi Zhao, R. Tang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3552444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552444","url":null,"abstract":"Biomineralization, a bio-organism controlled mineral formation process, plays an important role in linking biological organisms and mineral materials in nature. Inspired by biomineralization, biomimetic mineralization is used as a bridge tool to integrate biological organisms and functional materials together, which can be beneficial for the development of diversified functional organism-material hybrids. In this review, recent progresses on the techniques of biomimetic mineralization for organism-material combinations are summarized and discussed. Based upon these techniques, the preparations and applications of virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have been presented and they demonstrate the great potentials in the fields of vaccine improvement, cell protection, energy production, environmental and biomedical treatments, etc. We suggest that more researches about functional organism and material combination with more biocompatible techniques should be developed to improve the design and applications of specific organism-material hybrids. These rationally designed organism-material hybrids will shed light on the production of \"live materials\" with more advanced functions in future. Statement of significance This review summaries the recent attempts on improving biological organisms by their integrations with functional materials, which can be achieved by biomimetic mineralization as the combination tool. The integrated materials, as the artificial shells or organelles, confer diversified functions on the enclosed organisms. The successful constructions of various virus-, prokaryotes-, and eukaryotes-material hybrids have demonstrated the great potentials of the material incorporation strategy in vaccine development, cancer treatment, biological photosynthesis and environment protection etc. The suggested challenges and perspectives indicate more inspirations for the future development of organism-material hybrids.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"747 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74652889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206715
L. Klymenko, V. Andreev, O.I. Sluchak, Oleg Pryshchepov, O. Shchesiuk
The main factors of the formation of porosity of pressed products based on spongy titanium were studied. Three types of pores were studied and separated – cluster (in the place of particles), inter-cluster, and natural pores of the material. The cluster models of particles packing at the stages of pressing were developed (from bulk density, or the formation of temporary structures to the formation of stable structures). The number of cluster faces in the models depends on coordination number λ, which means tetrahedral (λ=4) clusters at the initial stage and cuboctahedral (λ=12) at the later ones. Based on the Gaussian rule, for spheres packing, it was found that the most correct form of clusters for later pressing stages is cuboctahedral, as the pores between the spheres at the maximum tight packing with the coordination number of 12 have the shape close to cuboctahedrons and octahedrons, but with concave faces. Based on the difference between the volume of spheres, for which particles and clusters in the model were accepted, based on calculated volumes of intercluster octahedrons and cuboctahedrons, the volume of pores in the shape of the Steiner octahedron or cuboctahedron was calculated. In calculating the strength of adhesion between the particles, the proper porosity of spongy titanium is determined through the assumption that a part of the powder is a conglomerate that is formed from hollow spheres of the regular shape at the stage of titanium reduction by the magnesium thermal method. Accordingly, in the formula for calculating the strength of adhesion, the force that influences a particle will consist of the difference between forces of elastic deformation and the destruction of hollow spheres contained in the deformed volume. The developed models were proved by the results of practical research. Actual measurements show the average exponential ratio of the porosity to pressing pressure, which makes it possible to calculate s maximum inter-cluster porosity at the maximum compaction of 66 % and the compression factor of the studied material of 0.15
{"title":"Cluster Model of the Porosity of Spongy Titanium Briquettes at the Stage of Pressing","authors":"L. Klymenko, V. Andreev, O.I. Sluchak, Oleg Pryshchepov, O. Shchesiuk","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206715","url":null,"abstract":"The main factors of the formation of porosity of pressed products based on spongy titanium were studied. Three types of pores were studied and separated – cluster (in the place of particles), inter-cluster, and natural pores of the material. The cluster models of particles packing at the stages of pressing were developed (from bulk density, or the formation of temporary structures to the formation of stable structures). The number of cluster faces in the models depends on coordination number λ, which means tetrahedral (λ=4) clusters at the initial stage and cuboctahedral (λ=12) at the later ones. Based on the Gaussian rule, for spheres packing, it was found that the most correct form of clusters for later pressing stages is cuboctahedral, as the pores between the spheres at the maximum tight packing with the coordination number of 12 have the shape close to cuboctahedrons and octahedrons, but with concave faces. Based on the difference between the volume of spheres, for which particles and clusters in the model were accepted, based on calculated volumes of intercluster octahedrons and cuboctahedrons, the volume of pores in the shape of the Steiner octahedron or cuboctahedron was calculated. In calculating the strength of adhesion between the particles, the proper porosity of spongy titanium is determined through the assumption that a part of the powder is a conglomerate that is formed from hollow spheres of the regular shape at the stage of titanium reduction by the magnesium thermal method. Accordingly, in the formula for calculating the strength of adhesion, the force that influences a particle will consist of the difference between forces of elastic deformation and the destruction of hollow spheres contained in the deformed volume. The developed models were proved by the results of practical research. Actual measurements show the average exponential ratio of the porosity to pressing pressure, which makes it possible to calculate s maximum inter-cluster porosity at the maximum compaction of 66 % and the compression factor of the studied material of 0.15","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87643376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of the rheological behavior of complex fluids in relation to their molecular structure is a primary tool to predict their flow behavior. Such study is often conducted under high shear gradients equivalent to those present in the processes. The ultimate goal of this paper is to introduce the fundamental aspects of shear rheology. The experimental aspects include showing how to establish flow curves (stress versus shear gradients or viscosity versus shear gradients) necessary for any numerical simulation of the flows.
{"title":"Rheology and Flow of Complex Fluids: Fundamental and Experimental Aspects","authors":"A. Maazouz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3639136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3639136","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the rheological behavior of complex fluids in relation to their molecular structure is a primary tool to predict their flow behavior. Such study is often conducted under high shear gradients equivalent to those present in the processes. The ultimate goal of this paper is to introduce the fundamental aspects of shear rheology. The experimental aspects include showing how to establish flow curves (stress versus shear gradients or viscosity versus shear gradients) necessary for any numerical simulation of the flows.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86787108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.202793
V. Kalchenko, V. Kalchenko, N. Sira, Ya.V. Kuzhelnyi, Volodymyr Vynnyk
The object of research is the milling process with the crossed axes of the cylindrical surface and the tool. During the research, general modular three-dimensional models of the tool surface, the processes of removing the allowance and the shaping of the cylindrical surface are used on the basis of three unified modules: tool, shaping and orientation. Computer simulation is also used to build a three-dimensional model of the milling process of a cylindrical surface with an oriented tool. A graphic scheme of milling a cylindrical surface with an oriented tool has been created. The developed cylindrical module for shaping the tool surface, which is described by the product of the displacement matrices along the corresponding axes and the surface of the machined part, is represented by the product of the radius of the tool vector and its orientation module in the shaft coordinate system. The resulting graph of the distribution of the specific productivity of the milling process along the tooth profile of the tool during processing with crossed axes of the cutter and part. An analysis of this graph shows that the milling method with an oriented tool makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the shaping process due to uniform wear of the tool. The intersection angle of the cylindrical surface and the tool is also determined, the value of which is taken from the condition of ensuring the maximum removal of the material layer with uniform loading of the end part of the cutter. For this, a three-dimensional model of the process of milling a cylindrical surface with crossed axes of the tool and the part is developed, in which rough milling is carried out by the end part of the tool, and the finish – by the peripheral. In the course of the research, it is found that when finishing milling, the value of the rotation angle of the cutter is taken from the condition that the peripheral part of the cutter is fully loaded. Improving the processing efficiency is achieved by crossing the axes of the tool and the part, which allows to program the intersection point, and uniform wear of the cutter, which improves the quality of the machined surface. It is also possible to use high-speed milling to provide increased processing productivity.
{"title":"Research of the Milling Process of a Cylindrical Surface by an Oriented Instrument","authors":"V. Kalchenko, V. Kalchenko, N. Sira, Ya.V. Kuzhelnyi, Volodymyr Vynnyk","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.202793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.202793","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the milling process with the crossed axes of the cylindrical surface and the tool. During the research, general modular three-dimensional models of the tool surface, the processes of removing the allowance and the shaping of the cylindrical surface are used on the basis of three unified modules: tool, shaping and orientation. Computer simulation is also used to build a three-dimensional model of the milling process of a cylindrical surface with an oriented tool. A graphic scheme of milling a cylindrical surface with an oriented tool has been created. The developed cylindrical module for shaping the tool surface, which is described by the product of the displacement matrices along the corresponding axes and the surface of the machined part, is represented by the product of the radius of the tool vector and its orientation module in the shaft coordinate system. The resulting graph of the distribution of the specific productivity of the milling process along the tooth profile of the tool during processing with crossed axes of the cutter and part. An analysis of this graph shows that the milling method with an oriented tool makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the shaping process due to uniform wear of the tool. The intersection angle of the cylindrical surface and the tool is also determined, the value of which is taken from the condition of ensuring the maximum removal of the material layer with uniform loading of the end part of the cutter. For this, a three-dimensional model of the process of milling a cylindrical surface with crossed axes of the tool and the part is developed, in which rough milling is carried out by the end part of the tool, and the finish – by the peripheral. In the course of the research, it is found that when finishing milling, the value of the rotation angle of the cutter is taken from the condition that the peripheral part of the cutter is fully loaded. Improving the processing efficiency is achieved by crossing the axes of the tool and the part, which allows to program the intersection point, and uniform wear of the cutter, which improves the quality of the machined surface. It is also possible to use high-speed milling to provide increased processing productivity.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samprada S. Kumbhare, Devyani Kumar Kundurthi, J. Sura, G. Joshi
Shock tube study is done to understand the characteristic behavior of various types of shock wave, pressure and temperature variations observed at hypersonic speed. To study these characteristics in an inexpensive and simplified way, an instrument called Reddy Shock tube was designed, also known as Table-Top shock tube. Shock waves are generated purely by the application of manual force. In the test section, a flow of Mach upto 6.5 is generated. The attempt here was made to calculate force acting on a hemispherical model at hypersonic flow regime. It is an impulse facility, where the flow operates only for a fractional second. The pressure transducers were used to characterize the shock wave properties. Similarly, an accelerometer was connected to the model, which determined the acceleration value required to find the axial force.
{"title":"Force Calibration of a Hemispherical Model Using Reddy Shock Tube","authors":"Samprada S. Kumbhare, Devyani Kumar Kundurthi, J. Sura, G. Joshi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3703919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3703919","url":null,"abstract":"Shock tube study is done to understand the characteristic behavior of various types of shock wave, pressure and temperature variations observed at hypersonic speed. To study these characteristics in an inexpensive and simplified way, an instrument called Reddy Shock tube was designed, also known as Table-Top shock tube. Shock waves are generated purely by the application of manual force. In the test section, a flow of Mach upto 6.5 is generated. The attempt here was made to calculate force acting on a hemispherical model at hypersonic flow regime. It is an impulse facility, where the flow operates only for a fractional second. The pressure transducers were used to characterize the shock wave properties. Similarly, an accelerometer was connected to the model, which determined the acceleration value required to find the axial force.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91540164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost saving is not the best way to achieve good results, but investing in the right products and materials is. Different metallic pump materials and manufacturing methods have been developed for various fertilizer processes. They build on the raw materials used in the production, process conditions in different pumping stages, process know-how, and the material itself. To specify the material of construction based on corrosion resistance alone is not enough, but mechanical properties also need to be considered when selecting pump materials for different pumping stages in the production process for fertilizers. The effect of different components on the abrasion and corrosion resistance in the microstructure of various types of cast irons used in the industry is decisive as well. Pump design features such as flow velocity, wall thickness and seal cavity combined with application knowhow and material selection gives the best result. The development of new coatings and 3D printing technology opens new opportunities for both equipment suppliers and end users.
{"title":"Combined Material, Pump Design and Manufacturing Method Gives Good Results in Fertilizer Industry","authors":"Merja Pärssinen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3636043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636043","url":null,"abstract":"Cost saving is not the best way to achieve good results, but investing in the right products and materials is. Different metallic pump materials and manufacturing methods have been developed for various fertilizer processes. They build on the raw materials used in the production, process conditions in different pumping stages, process know-how, and the material itself. To specify the material of construction based on corrosion resistance alone is not enough, but mechanical properties also need to be considered when selecting pump materials for different pumping stages in the production process for fertilizers. The effect of different components on the abrasion and corrosion resistance in the microstructure of various types of cast irons used in the industry is decisive as well. Pump design features such as flow velocity, wall thickness and seal cavity combined with application knowhow and material selection gives the best result. The development of new coatings and 3D printing technology opens new opportunities for both equipment suppliers and end users.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85723790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important issues in wet phosphoric acid technology is maintenance of the set temperature of slurry. Excess process heat is taken away mainly by evaporation of water from slurry. There are two main ways of cooling – evaporation under vacuum and air cooling method. Both ways have advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of air cooling method are: it’s rather simple, and requires low capital cost for implementation, use of cooling water for condensation of secondary steam is excluded, cooling tower isn't required for cooling water, etc. Since 1980-s JSC “NIUIF” is engaged in elaboration and improvement of air cooling systems for slurry cooling. As a result of these researches air cooling units of various types for dihydrate and hemi-hydrate processes of WPA were constructed. Use of air cooling method is an essential part of elaborated by JSC “NIUIF” hemi-hydrate WPA process technology from Kola apatite concentrate, as well as high-temperature dihydrate process from Karatau phosphate rock which are carried out at temperatures of 90-94°C. Modern system of air cooling is comprised of: low pressure (LP 800-1000 mm) slurry supply axial pump of high capacity (5000-10000 m3/h), air cooling unit, FDF and/or IDF. Due to optimization of heat&mass exchange conditions and design of air cooling unit (ACA), moisture saturation of cooling air can be achieved up to high extent (up to 400 g/kg of dry air) that allows to minimize its consumption. High consumption of slurry for cooling provides rather low gradient of temperatures (∆t ≤ 3°C) at inlet and outlet from ACA and rather low manual labor efforts for cleaning of the equipment from incrusting sediment. The loop of supply for cooling can be combined with circulation loop inside the reactor that contributes to homogenization of slurry in reactionary volume. Air cooling units for slurry cooling based on researches by JSC “NIUIF” are successfully introduced at modernized and newly constructed WPA systems in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Lithuania. WPA single line process system capacity with air cooling of reactors reaches 1500 tpd of Р2О5.
{"title":"Use of Air Cooling Method for Slurry Cooling for WPA Production Units","authors":"E. Kuznetsov, A. Kiselev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3636079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636079","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important issues in wet phosphoric acid technology is maintenance of the set temperature of slurry. Excess process heat is taken away mainly by evaporation of water from slurry. There are two main ways of cooling – evaporation under vacuum and air cooling method. Both ways have advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of air cooling method are: it’s rather simple, and requires low capital cost for implementation, use of cooling water for condensation of secondary steam is excluded, cooling tower isn't required for cooling water, etc. \u0000 \u0000Since 1980-s JSC “NIUIF” is engaged in elaboration and improvement of air cooling systems for slurry cooling. As a result of these researches air cooling units of various types for dihydrate and hemi-hydrate processes of WPA were constructed. Use of air cooling method is an essential part of elaborated by JSC “NIUIF” hemi-hydrate WPA process technology from Kola apatite concentrate, as well as high-temperature dihydrate process from Karatau phosphate rock which are carried out at temperatures of 90-94°C. \u0000 \u0000Modern system of air cooling is comprised of: low pressure (LP 800-1000 mm) slurry supply axial pump of high capacity (5000-10000 m3/h), air cooling unit, FDF and/or IDF. Due to optimization of heat&mass exchange conditions and design of air cooling unit (ACA), moisture saturation of cooling air can be achieved up to high extent (up to 400 g/kg of dry air) that allows to minimize its consumption. High consumption of slurry for cooling provides rather low gradient of temperatures (∆t ≤ 3°C) at inlet and outlet from ACA and rather low manual labor efforts for cleaning of the equipment from incrusting sediment. The loop of supply for cooling can be combined with circulation loop inside the reactor that contributes to homogenization of slurry in reactionary volume. \u0000 \u0000Air cooling units for slurry cooling based on researches by JSC “NIUIF” are successfully introduced at modernized and newly constructed WPA systems in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Lithuania. WPA single line process system capacity with air cooling of reactors reaches 1500 tpd of Р2О5.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88293029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s world the composites materials are replacing many conventional materials due to their excellent properties. Aluminum is a less weight and cheap metal that is available in plenty. Silicon carbide is hard abrasive material with good mechanical properties. The aluminum silicon carbide metal matrix composite is finding increased applications in many fields such as automobile and aeronautical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties like high strength, light weight, high specific stiffness and good coefficient of thermal expansion. But their usage is restricted due to the difficulty in the machinability. In this paper two Al/SiC metal matrix composites (Al6061/10-SiCp and Al6061/5-SiCp) by varying the composition of SiC. The composites consist Silicon Carbide (SiC) of 5% and 10% by weight. The composites are prepared by stir casting process. Shell moulding technique is used in manufacturing of the composite materials. The microstructure, tensile strength, compression strength and hardness of the composites are studied. End milling operation is performed on the metal matrix composite slabs by varying the machining parameters. Feed rate and depth of cut were varied by fixing a single spindle speed. The number of experiments is determined using design of experiments (DOE). The effect of the machining parameters on the surface finish is observed by measuring the surface roughness. This process is done on the two metal matrix composites. The effect of SiC percentage in composite and variations in machining parameters on the surface finish was observed.
{"title":"Study of Surface Quality During End Milling of SiC Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite","authors":"S. Sagar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683054","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world the composites materials are replacing many conventional materials due to their excellent properties. Aluminum is a less weight and cheap metal that is available in plenty. Silicon carbide is hard abrasive material with good mechanical properties. The aluminum silicon carbide metal matrix composite is finding increased applications in many fields such as automobile and aeronautical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties like high strength, light weight, high specific stiffness and good coefficient of thermal expansion. But their usage is restricted due to the difficulty in the machinability. In this paper two Al/SiC metal matrix composites (Al6061/10-SiCp and Al6061/5-SiCp) by varying the composition of SiC. The composites consist Silicon Carbide (SiC) of 5% and 10% by weight. The composites are prepared by stir casting process. Shell moulding technique is used in manufacturing of the composite materials. The microstructure, tensile strength, compression strength and hardness of the composites are studied. End milling operation is performed on the metal matrix composite slabs by varying the machining parameters. Feed rate and depth of cut were varied by fixing a single spindle speed. The number of experiments is determined using design of experiments (DOE). The effect of the machining parameters on the surface finish is observed by measuring the surface roughness. This process is done on the two metal matrix composites. The effect of SiC percentage in composite and variations in machining parameters on the surface finish was observed.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74991954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a prior work [Nie et al., Scripta Materialia 142, 79-82 (2018)], we have demonstrated that water vapor can trigger flash sintering of ZnO powder pellets at room temperature to achieve ~98% of the theoretical density in 30 seconds without any external furnace heating. Here, we further extend this “water-assisted flash sintering (WAFS)” to “solvent-assistant flash sintering (SAFS)” using methanol as an example. Specifically, we successfully demonstrated that methanol vapor can also trigger a flash at room temperature to subsequently sinter ZnO to ~ 93 – 96% of the theoretical density in <30 seconds. We further revealed a couple of interesting new phenomena, including bifurcation in kinetic pathways and self-termination of flash sintering.
在之前的一项研究中[Nie et al.， Scripta Materialia 142, 79-82(2018)]，我们证明了水蒸气可以在室温下触发ZnO粉末颗粒的闪速烧结，在30秒内达到理论密度的98%，而无需任何外部炉加热。在这里，我们以甲醇为例，将这种“水助速烧结(WAFS)”进一步扩展为“溶剂助速烧结(SAFS)”。具体来说，我们成功地证明了甲醇蒸气也可以在室温下触发闪光，随后在<30秒内将ZnO烧结到理论密度的~ 93 - 96%。我们进一步发现了一些有趣的新现象，包括动力学路径的分岔和闪速烧结的自终止。
{"title":"Methanol-Assisted Flash Sintering of ZnO","authors":"Jiuyuan Nie, Jian Luo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3630430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3630430","url":null,"abstract":"In a prior work [Nie et al., Scripta Materialia 142, 79-82 (2018)], we have demonstrated that water vapor can trigger flash sintering of ZnO powder pellets at room temperature to achieve ~98% of the theoretical density in 30 seconds without any external furnace heating. Here, we further extend this “water-assisted flash sintering (WAFS)” to “solvent-assistant flash sintering (SAFS)” using methanol as an example. Specifically, we successfully demonstrated that methanol vapor can also trigger a flash at room temperature to subsequently sinter ZnO to ~ 93 – 96% of the theoretical density in <30 seconds. We further revealed a couple of interesting new phenomena, including bifurcation in kinetic pathways and self-termination of flash sintering.","PeriodicalId":18255,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Process & Device Modeling (Topic)","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76744628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.48216/9788269203325ch14
J. Lamb
Process plant control and operations have undergone significant developments over early analogue regulatory schemes. Computer-based supervisory regulation was attempted in the late 1950s. The microprocessor implemented the first distributed control systems in the 1970s. In this chapter, an overview of current digitalization approaches to manufacturing and production is given for process plant control in general.
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