We have developed a two-step synthesis method to obtain pure LaCuOS nano-sized agglomerates using La(NO3)3·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O and NH3·H2O as the starting materials. The result shows that the precursor can be converted into La2O2SO4, La2(SO4)3 and CuO phases at 800 °C for 2 h in air, which was then converted into a pure LaCuOS phase by a reduction at 800 °C for 5 h in a flowing argon and hydrogen atmosphere. The as prepared LaCuOS nano-aggregates have poor dispersion and a wide size distribution range (50–100 nm).
{"title":"TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS AND FORMATION MECHANISM FOR LACUOS NANO-SIZED AGGLOMERATES","authors":"Xin Li, Qiang Li, Zhenning Ma, Yan Sun","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.879","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a two-step synthesis method to obtain pure LaCuOS nano-sized agglomerates using La(NO3)3·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O and NH3·H2O as the starting materials. The result shows that the precursor can be converted into La2O2SO4, La2(SO4)3 and CuO phases at 800 °C for 2 h in air, which was then converted into a pure LaCuOS phase by a reduction at 800 °C for 5 h in a flowing argon and hydrogen atmosphere. The as prepared LaCuOS nano-aggregates have poor dispersion and a wide size distribution range (50–100 nm).","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"132 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82955411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of the thermal condition of the steel on the transformation temperatures of two chromium hot-work tool steels was investigated. The steels studied were in two different thermal states: the soft -annealed state and the hardened-and-tempered state. The soft-annealed condition, i.e., the fully annealed condition, is a thermal state of steels in which the matrix is ferritic, and the carbon is chemically bonded in spherical carbides. The hardened-and-tempered condition, on the other hand, means a fully hardened-and-tempered martensitic matrix with uniformly distributed (primary and secondary) carbides. The samples were analysed in a simultaneous thermal analyser (STA) using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method to determine the transformation temperatures. We also performed calculations based on the CALPHAD method to obtain the equilibrium temperatures of the transformations. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different thermal conditions of chromium hot-work tool steels on the transformation temperatures such as solidus/liquidus temperatures, eutectoid transformation temperatures (A1 and A3), austenite solidification temperature and martensite transformation start temperatures. Since DSC analysis also measures thermal influence, we were able to determine the energies absorbed during eutectoid transformation and melting (endothermic processes) and the energies released during the solidification of δ-ferrite and γ-austenite (exothermic processes), as well as the energies released during martensite transformation. It was found that hardening and tempering reduce both eutectoid transformation temperatures and that the solidification intervals are closer to those calculated. From an energetic point of view, hardening and tempering reduce the energies absorbed during melting.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE THERMAL CONDITION OF STEEL ON THE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURES OF TWO CHROMIUM HOT-WORK TOOL STEELS","authors":"T. Balaško, J. Medved","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.822","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the thermal condition of the steel on the transformation temperatures of two chromium hot-work tool steels was investigated. The steels studied were in two different thermal states: the soft -annealed state and the hardened-and-tempered state. The soft-annealed condition, i.e., the fully annealed condition, is a thermal state of steels in which the matrix is ferritic, and the carbon is chemically bonded in spherical carbides. The hardened-and-tempered condition, on the other hand, means a fully hardened-and-tempered martensitic matrix with uniformly distributed (primary and secondary) carbides. The samples were analysed in a simultaneous thermal analyser (STA) using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method to determine the transformation temperatures. We also performed calculations based on the CALPHAD method to obtain the equilibrium temperatures of the transformations. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different thermal conditions of chromium hot-work tool steels on the transformation temperatures such as solidus/liquidus temperatures, eutectoid transformation temperatures (A1 and A3), austenite solidification temperature and martensite transformation start temperatures. Since DSC analysis also measures thermal influence, we were able to determine the energies absorbed during eutectoid transformation and melting (endothermic processes) and the energies released during the solidification of δ-ferrite and γ-austenite (exothermic processes), as well as the energies released during martensite transformation. It was found that hardening and tempering reduce both eutectoid transformation temperatures and that the solidification intervals are closer to those calculated. From an energetic point of view, hardening and tempering reduce the energies absorbed during melting.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72466312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ji, S. Cai, Fengyun Zhu, Weichi Pei, W. Xiao, Xue-feng Tang
Pipe cleaning is currently the most effective method to improve the cleanliness and corrosion resistance of pipes. In this paper, a new method of pipe cleaning is proposed, combining mechanical and chemical cleaning, offline tank cleaning and online cycle cleaning. Through experiments and characterization of the morphology changes, the mechanism of pickling and passivation of Q235 steel was explored, and the entire process of microstructure and morphology changes on the pipe wall’s surface was analyzed to verify the feasibility of this technology. The cleaning process was optimised using response surface analysis to determine the optimum cleaning conditions. This study is of great relevance to the effective operation of continuous-casting equipment over a long period of time.
{"title":"PICKLING – PASSIVATION MECHANISM AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF Q235 STEEL PIPELINE","authors":"H. Ji, S. Cai, Fengyun Zhu, Weichi Pei, W. Xiao, Xue-feng Tang","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.807","url":null,"abstract":"Pipe cleaning is currently the most effective method to improve the cleanliness and corrosion resistance of pipes. In this paper, a new method of pipe cleaning is proposed, combining mechanical and chemical cleaning, offline tank cleaning and online cycle cleaning. Through experiments and characterization of the morphology changes, the mechanism of pickling and passivation of Q235 steel was explored, and the entire process of microstructure and morphology changes on the pipe wall’s surface was analyzed to verify the feasibility of this technology. The cleaning process was optimised using response surface analysis to determine the optimum cleaning conditions. This study is of great relevance to the effective operation of continuous-casting equipment over a long period of time.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73239665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Xie, Yueming Wang, Jianlin Yang, Chenlong Li, Xuhang Han, Jie Huang
FeCrMoCB amorphous coatings were prepared on 316 stainless steel via an amorphous powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure, composition, and phase structure of the coatings. Hardness and friction wear testers were applied to investigate the microhardness and wear behavior of the coatings. Results show that the Cr23C6, Cr15Fe7C6 and Fe3Mo crystal phases appeared after laser cladding relative to the complete amorphous powder, and the amorphous phase fraction of the coating was calculated up to 68.4 % using the Verdon method. The coating exhibited a dominating adhesive wear mechanism under room temperature (RT) and transformed to a fatigue wear mechanism as wear test temperature increased to 600 °C. As the temperature was elevated from RT to 600 °C, the wear rate increased from 26 × 10–6 mm3/N·m to 79 × 10–6 mm3/N·m. The laser-cladded Fe-based amorphous coating exhibited much stronger wear performance than the 316 stainless steel, even the wear rate reached one third of that of steel.
{"title":"MICROSTRUCTURE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF FE-BASED AMORPHOUS COATINGS BY LASER CLADDING","authors":"Lu Xie, Yueming Wang, Jianlin Yang, Chenlong Li, Xuhang Han, Jie Huang","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.803","url":null,"abstract":"FeCrMoCB amorphous coatings were prepared on 316 stainless steel via an amorphous powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure, composition, and phase structure of the coatings. Hardness and friction wear testers were applied to investigate the microhardness and wear behavior of the coatings. Results show that the Cr23C6, Cr15Fe7C6 and Fe3Mo crystal phases appeared after laser cladding relative to the complete amorphous powder, and the amorphous phase fraction of the coating was calculated up to 68.4 % using the Verdon method. The coating exhibited a dominating adhesive wear mechanism under room temperature (RT) and transformed to a fatigue wear mechanism as wear test temperature increased to 600 °C. As the temperature was elevated from RT to 600 °C, the wear rate increased from 26 × 10–6 mm3/N·m to 79 × 10–6 mm3/N·m. The laser-cladded Fe-based amorphous coating exhibited much stronger wear performance than the 316 stainless steel, even the wear rate reached one third of that of steel.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82156623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermal-power-plant condenser tubes, conducting cooling seawater, experienced frequent leakages, prompting the hereby presented failure analysis. Visual inspection of the corroded/ruptured tube segments revealed that localized corrosion may be linked to seawater sediments and thick layers of corrosion products at the tube water side. Sediments were found along the tube bottom and thick corrosion products were found adjacent to the point of contact between the baffle plates and the exterior tube walls. Underdeposit corrosion, accelerated due to sulphate-reducing bacteria, was diagnosed based on the excess sulphur found at the pit bottom using EDX, the FT-IR spectrum indicating the presence of biofilm and SEM determining the featuring corrosion products based on the biofilm. It was proposed that the corrosion initiating deposits were linked to the condenser shutdown and startup periods. Results showed that pitting corrosion occurred under the influence of biofilm microorganisms tolerant to copper. The main goal of this research was achieved by defining a systematic procedure for avoiding a shutdown of the thermal power plant.
{"title":"THERMAL-POWER-PLANT CONDENSER-TUBE CORROSION ANALYSIS","authors":"J. Batelić, V. Špada, M. Kršulja, S. Martinez","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.747","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal-power-plant condenser tubes, conducting cooling seawater, experienced frequent leakages, prompting the hereby presented failure analysis. Visual inspection of the corroded/ruptured tube segments revealed that localized corrosion may be linked to seawater sediments and thick layers of corrosion products at the tube water side. Sediments were found along the tube bottom and thick corrosion products were found adjacent to the point of contact between the baffle plates and the exterior tube walls. Underdeposit corrosion, accelerated due to sulphate-reducing bacteria, was diagnosed based on the excess sulphur found at the pit bottom using EDX, the FT-IR spectrum indicating the presence of biofilm and SEM determining the featuring corrosion products based on the biofilm. It was proposed that the corrosion initiating deposits were linked to the condenser shutdown and startup periods. Results showed that pitting corrosion occurred under the influence of biofilm microorganisms tolerant to copper. The main goal of this research was achieved by defining a systematic procedure for avoiding a shutdown of the thermal power plant.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arulaalan, Viswanathan Ramasamy, R. Saravanakumar, S. Maheswari
This paper presents a ground-breaking triple-bandpass filter design utilizing a modified T-shape rectangular coupled with a stepped impedance resonator (MTSR-CSIR) for smart portable communication device applications. The MTSR-CSIR filter operates at (2.2, 3.62 and 4.6) GHz, providing wide passbands in three operating modes. To achieve the optimal performance, the filter design is executed on a multi-layered liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) substrate with a thickness of 50 µm, dielectric constant of 2.9 and loss tangent of 0.002. Simulation results for the MTSR-CSIR filter demonstrate a high level of accuracy and consistency with the measurement results for the fabricated filter. The filter exhibits an excellent stopband rejection, low loss and compact size while maintaining high-performance levels. Its performance parameters, such as insertion loss, return loss and group delay, are considered to evaluate the filter’s performance. The results highlight the applicability of the MTSR-CSIR filter for smart portable communication devices.
{"title":"DESIGN OF A TRIPLE-BANDPASS FILTER USING A MODIFIED T-SHAPED RECTANGULAR COUPLED WITH A STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATOR FOR SMART PORTABLE COMMUNICATION DEVICE APPLICATIONS","authors":"M. Arulaalan, Viswanathan Ramasamy, R. Saravanakumar, S. Maheswari","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a ground-breaking triple-bandpass filter design utilizing a modified T-shape rectangular coupled with a stepped impedance resonator (MTSR-CSIR) for smart portable communication device applications. The MTSR-CSIR filter operates at (2.2, 3.62 and 4.6) GHz, providing wide passbands in three operating modes. To achieve the optimal performance, the filter design is executed on a multi-layered liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) substrate with a thickness of 50 µm, dielectric constant of 2.9 and loss tangent of 0.002. Simulation results for the MTSR-CSIR filter demonstrate a high level of accuracy and consistency with the measurement results for the fabricated filter. The filter exhibits an excellent stopband rejection, low loss and compact size while maintaining high-performance levels. Its performance parameters, such as insertion loss, return loss and group delay, are considered to evaluate the filter’s performance. The results highlight the applicability of the MTSR-CSIR filter for smart portable communication devices.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75812511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The joining of multilayered foils to a conductive tab necessitates a joining process in the battery, which is an important storage device in renewable-energy sectors. Cell, module, and pack are the three levels of pouch cell joining in a battery pack. The joining of multi-layered dissimilar conductive materials is necessary for battery-pack fabrication. Mostly copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al) are used in battery-pack applications. The Cu and Al are characterized as high thermally and electrically conductive materials. However, obtaining a quality Cu-Al weld using conventional methods is hard and the durability of the weldments is uncertain. In general, the development of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during welding is a major challenge for the joining of dissimilar materials due to the differences in the chemical and physical properties. This review addresses the battery packs and challenges involved in joining the conductive tabs. In addition, this review provides an insight into the suitability of various joining processes and explores their suitability for the joining of battery packs.
{"title":"A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF THE ADVANCEMENTS IN JOINING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BATTERY APPLICATIONS","authors":"R. Palanivel","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.797","url":null,"abstract":"The joining of multilayered foils to a conductive tab necessitates a joining process in the battery, which is an important storage device in renewable-energy sectors. Cell, module, and pack are the three levels of pouch cell joining in a battery pack. The joining of multi-layered dissimilar conductive materials is necessary for battery-pack fabrication. Mostly copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al) are used in battery-pack applications. The Cu and Al are characterized as high thermally and electrically conductive materials. However, obtaining a quality Cu-Al weld using conventional methods is hard and the durability of the weldments is uncertain. In general, the development of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during welding is a major challenge for the joining of dissimilar materials due to the differences in the chemical and physical properties. This review addresses the battery packs and challenges involved in joining the conductive tabs. In addition, this review provides an insight into the suitability of various joining processes and explores their suitability for the joining of battery packs. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90269456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiri Vanek, Michal Stanek, M. Ovsik, Vlastimil Chalupa
Injection molding is an advantageous technology for the mass production of plastic parts without the necessity for additional procedures. The applicability of this method is still partially limited by the required properties of the manufactured parts. Especially in the field of optics, there is a need to produce thick-walled parts while maintaining their transparency. This paper reports on how various shapes of gating systems affected the process parameters and cavity filling during the injection molding of polycarbonate thick-walled specimens. These outcomes demonstrated that film gates and their alternatives are more suitable for the standard injection molding of thick-walled optical products than the triple-edge gating systems. Favorable results were observed particularly in the uniformity of cavity filling, size of shrinkage, and in the occurrence of defects such as voids or sink marks.
{"title":"INJECTION MOLDING OF POLYCARBONATE THICK-WALLED PARTS USING A TOOL WITH VARIOUSLY DESIGNED GATE INSERTS","authors":"Jiri Vanek, Michal Stanek, M. Ovsik, Vlastimil Chalupa","doi":"10.17222/mit.2022.692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2022.692","url":null,"abstract":"Injection molding is an advantageous technology for the mass production of plastic parts without the necessity for additional procedures. The applicability of this method is still partially limited by the required properties of the manufactured parts. Especially in the field of optics, there is a need to produce thick-walled parts while maintaining their transparency. This paper reports on how various shapes of gating systems affected the process parameters and cavity filling during the injection molding of polycarbonate thick-walled specimens. These outcomes demonstrated that film gates and their alternatives are more suitable for the standard injection molding of thick-walled optical products than the triple-edge gating systems. Favorable results were observed particularly in the uniformity of cavity filling, size of shrinkage, and in the occurrence of defects such as voids or sink marks.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74602448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of nickel-aluminum buffer and tungsten-carbide-based ceramic-metal composite coated materials on EN 1.4404 quality stainless steels in a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) environment for petrochemical industry applications. For this purpose, tungsten-carbide-based coatings were produced on nickel-aluminum-deposited 1.4404 stainless-steel substrates using the HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) technique. In the characterization of coatings, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, image analyzer for coating thickness measurements, energy distribution spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis, and roughness device for surface structures, were used. WC-, Co-, Ni-, and NiAl-based phases were observed in the coatings. According to metallographic studies, all the coatings had a similar coating microstructure and made good contact with the substrate. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and corrosion tests were carried out to determine the corrosion behavior of HVOF plasma-sprayed coatings using a potentiostat/galvanostat. The results showed that the WCCo-NiAl-coated stainless-steel substrate had a higher corrosion resistance to the H2SO4 environment than the NiAl and WCNi-NiAl samples.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND SURFACE PROPERTIES ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF HVOF-DEPOSITED WC COATINGS","authors":"Erhan Ozkan","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.833","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of nickel-aluminum buffer and tungsten-carbide-based ceramic-metal composite coated materials on EN 1.4404 quality stainless steels in a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) environment for petrochemical industry applications. For this purpose, tungsten-carbide-based coatings were produced on nickel-aluminum-deposited 1.4404 stainless-steel substrates using the HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) technique. In the characterization of coatings, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, image analyzer for coating thickness measurements, energy distribution spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis, and roughness device for surface structures, were used. WC-, Co-, Ni-, and NiAl-based phases were observed in the coatings. According to metallographic studies, all the coatings had a similar coating microstructure and made good contact with the substrate. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and corrosion tests were carried out to determine the corrosion behavior of HVOF plasma-sprayed coatings using a potentiostat/galvanostat. The results showed that the WCCo-NiAl-coated stainless-steel substrate had a higher corrosion resistance to the H2SO4 environment than the NiAl and WCNi-NiAl samples.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73791149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the nonlinear behavior of pneumatic, artificial muscles and investigates their availability for producing pressing forces over the experimentally determined tensile forces. It covers the design and manufacturing studies of a test setup and a pneumatic, artificial-muscle-based press to achieve this goal. The press design consists of a single pneumatic artificial muscle to provide the main pressing force and another two to bring the press back to the neutral position. The proposed approach is considered sufficient for thin sheet-metal punching molds and fills a gap in the spectrum of pressing technologies. A sufficient level of pressing force for thin sheet-metal punching is found to be achievable using a single 40-mm-diameter, pneumatic, artificial muscle. The results show that the press can produce (9.1, 23.1 and 36.9) kN pressing forces at (200, 400 and 600) kPa air pressures, respectively.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A PNEUMATIC, ARTIFICIAL-MUSCLE- BASED PRESS FOR PUNCHING THIN METAL SHEETS","authors":"A. Kapti, Ilker Atakul","doi":"10.17222/mit.2023.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2023.783","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the nonlinear behavior of pneumatic, artificial muscles and investigates their availability for producing pressing forces over the experimentally determined tensile forces. It covers the design and manufacturing studies of a test setup and a pneumatic, artificial-muscle-based press to achieve this goal. The press design consists of a single pneumatic artificial muscle to provide the main pressing force and another two to bring the press back to the neutral position. The proposed approach is considered sufficient for thin sheet-metal punching molds and fills a gap in the spectrum of pressing technologies. A sufficient level of pressing force for thin sheet-metal punching is found to be achievable using a single 40-mm-diameter, pneumatic, artificial muscle. The results show that the press can produce (9.1, 23.1 and 36.9) kN pressing forces at (200, 400 and 600) kPa air pressures, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18258,"journal":{"name":"Materiali in tehnologije","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86193257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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