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News Representation and Sense of Belonging Among Multicultural Audiences 多元文化受众的新闻表征与归属感
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i4.7002
Sora Park, J. Lee, Kieran McGuinness, R. Griffiths, Thu Nguyen
This study seeks to understand the role of representation in news media, trust in news, and participation in multicultural audiences’ sense of belonging to society. A multimodal survey combining online, CATI, and CAPI methods was conducted in Australia at the end of 2021 and early 2022 (N = 1,084). The top five non-English language communities in Australia (Arabic, Cantonese, Italian, Mandarin, and Vietnamese) were included in the survey, of which n = 851 were born overseas. The findings reveal a significant link between the perception of sufficient representation in Australian news media, trust in news, confidence to participate in society, and sense of belonging. When multicultural audiences see themselves fairly and adequately represented in the news, they are more likely to trust the news and participate in the community by discussing the news and current affairs. This, in turn, leads to a stronger sense of belonging to society. We also found confidence in English and time spent in Australia were important factors contributing to perceptions of representation. While the length of stay has a positive impact on the perception of representation among those with high confidence in English, this perception is significantly lower among those who have lower confidence. This result confirms the significant role language proficiency plays in migrants’ experiences in the host country.
本研究旨在了解新闻媒体中的代表性、对新闻的信任和参与在多元文化受众对社会的归属感中的作用。2021年底和2022年初,在澳大利亚进行了一项结合在线、CATI和CAPI方法的多模式调查(N=1084)。澳大利亚排名前五的非英语社区(阿拉伯语、广东话、意大利语、普通话和越南语)被纳入调查,其中851人出生在海外。研究结果揭示了在澳大利亚新闻媒体中有足够代表性的看法、对新闻的信任、参与社会的信心和归属感之间的重要联系。当多元文化受众看到自己在新闻中得到公平和充分的代表时,他们更有可能信任新闻,并通过讨论新闻和时事参与社区。这反过来又使人们对社会产生了更强的归属感。我们还发现,对英语的信心和在澳大利亚度过的时间是影响代表性观念的重要因素。虽然停留时间对英语自信度高的人的代表感有积极影响,但自信度低的人的这种感觉要低得多。这一结果证实了语言熟练程度在移民在东道国的经历中所起的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Are Online Political Influencers Accelerating Democratic Deconsolidation? 网络政治影响者是否加速民主解体?
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6813
R. Gibson, Esmeralda V. Bon, Philipp Darius, P. Smyth
Social media campaigning is increasingly linked with anti-democratic outcomes, with concerns to date centring on paid adverts, rather than organic content produced by a new set of online political influencers. This study systematically compares voter exposure to these new campaign actors with candidate-sponsored ads, as well as established and alternative news sources during the US 2020 presidential election. Specifically, we examine how far higher exposure to these sources is linked with key trends identified in the democratic deconsolidation thesis. We use data from a national YouGov survey designed to measure digital campaign exposure to test our hypotheses. Findings show that while higher exposure to online political influencers is linked to more extremist opinions, followers are not disengaging from conventional politics. Exposure to paid political ads, however, is confirmed as a potential source of growing distrust in political institutions.
社交媒体上的竞选活动越来越多地与反民主的结果联系在一起,迄今为止,人们的担忧主要集中在付费广告上,而不是由一批新的在线政治影响者生产的有机内容。这项研究系统地比较了选民在2020年美国总统大选期间接触这些新竞选演员与候选人赞助的广告,以及现有和替代新闻来源的情况。具体而言,我们研究了对这些来源的更高暴露与民主去巩固论文中确定的关键趋势之间的关系。我们使用来自YouGov全国调查的数据来测试我们的假设,该调查旨在衡量数字活动的曝光率。调查结果显示,虽然更多地接触网络政治影响者与更极端的观点有关,但追随者并没有脱离传统政治。然而,付费政治广告的曝光被证实是对政治机构日益不信任的潜在来源。
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引用次数: 1
Is Personality Key? Persuasive Effects of Prior Attitudes and Personality in Political Microtargeting 个性是关键吗?先前态度和人格在政治微观目标中的说服作用
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6627
H. Decker, N. Krämer
Messages that are designed to match a recipient’s personality, as enabled by microtargeting, have been found to influence political reasoning and even voting intentions. We extended these findings by adding prior attitudes to a microtargeting setting. Specifically, we examined what role different microtargeting approaches play in political reasoning by conducting an online experiment with a 2 (extraverted vs. introverted communication) × 2 (attitude-congruent vs. attitude-incongruent statement) between-subject design (N = 368). In line with the assumptions of the theory of motivated reasoning, attitude position matching emerged as an effective microtargeting strategy, and attitude strength moderated the effect of attitude congruency on recipients’ evaluations of political ads. While extraverted messages had no direct effect, that was unrelated to attitude congruency, recipients’ level of extraversion moderated the effect of extraverted communication on their evaluation of an ad. Interestingly, the intention to vote was significantly higher when an attitude-incongruent statement was phrased in an introverted rather than an extraverted manner, suggesting that information that challenges prior attitudes might be more persuasive when it is delivered in a more temperate way. In sum, the study indicates that matching message with personality alone might not be the most effective microtargeting approach within democratic societies.
通过微目标定位,旨在匹配收件人个性的信息被发现会影响政治推理甚至投票意图。我们通过将先前的态度添加到微目标设定中来扩展这些发现。具体而言,我们通过在受试者设计之间进行2(外向与内向交流)×2(态度一致与态度不一致陈述)的在线实验(N=368),检验了不同的微目标方法在政治推理中的作用。根据动机推理理论的假设,态度-位置匹配是一种有效的微观目标策略,态度强度调节了态度一致性对接受者对政治广告评价的影响。虽然外向信息没有直接影响,但这与态度一致性无关,接受者的外向程度调节了外向交流对他们评价广告的影响。有趣的是,当态度不一致的陈述以内向而非外向的方式表达时,投票意愿显著更高,这表明,当信息以一种更温和的方式传递时,挑战先前态度的信息可能更有说服力。总之,该研究表明,仅将信息与个性相匹配可能不是民主社会中最有效的微观目标方法。
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引用次数: 1
Why We Should Distinguish Between Mobilization and Participation When Investigating Social Media 为什么我们在调查社交媒体时要区分动员和参与
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.7285
J. Haßler, M. Magin, U. Russmann
In the recent past, social media has become a central channel and means for political and societal mobilization. Mobilization refers to the process by which political parties, politicians, social movements, activists, and other political and social actors induce citizens to participate in politics in order to win elections, convince others of their own positions, influence policies, and modify rulings. While not sufficient on its own for facilitating participation, mobilization is necessary for participation to occur, which justifies examining mobilization specifically to understand how people can be involved in politics. This thematic issue of Media and Communication presents various perspectives on the role of social media in mobilization, embracing both its recruitment side (traditional and non-established political actors, social and protest movements) and its network side (the ways citizens respond to mobilization appeals). Taken together, the thematic issue highlights the multifaceted nature and scholarly fruitfulness of mobilization as an independent concept.
最近,社交媒体已成为政治和社会动员的中心渠道和手段。动员是指政党、政治家、社会运动、活动家和其他政治和社会行为者诱导公民参与政治,以赢得选举、说服他人相信自己的立场、影响政策和修改裁决的过程。虽然动员本身不足以促进参与,但动员是参与的必要条件,这就有理由专门研究动员,以了解人们如何参与政治。本期《媒体与传播》专题介绍了社交媒体在动员中的作用,包括其招募方面(传统和非传统政治行为者、社会和抗议运动)和网络方面(公民对动员呼吁的回应方式)。总之,本专题突出了动员作为一个独立概念的多方面性质和学术成果。
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引用次数: 0
The Value of a Like: Facebook, Viral Posts, and Campaign Finance in US Congressional Elections 点赞的价值:Facebook、病毒式帖子和美国国会选举中的竞选资金
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6661
Michael S. Kowal
Social media has become a dominant force in American political life, from Twitter and Facebook to newer rivals like Instagram and TikTok. As American elections have also grown increasingly expensive, campaigns have sought to capitalize on social media success through campaign donations. The most successful social media posts can garner thousands of likes and millions of views focusing attention on the candidate and presenting a fundraising opportunity. In this study, I examine the impact of viral posts (those receiving more than 5,000 likes or those in the top 1% of likes) on the number and amount of campaign donations a candidate receives on the date of the post. Combining social media data from Facebook and campaign finance donations during the 2018 and 2020 House of Representatives elections, I find that viral posts can dramatically increase a candidate’s fundraising on those dates. This finding suggests that candidates can increase their fundraising through increased social media success.
社交媒体已经成为美国政治生活中的主导力量,从Twitter和Facebook到Instagram和TikTok等新对手。随着美国选举的成本越来越高,竞选团队试图通过竞选捐款来利用社交媒体的成功。最成功的社交媒体帖子可以获得数千个赞和数百万次观看,将注意力集中在候选人身上,并提供筹款机会。在这项研究中,我研究了病毒式帖子(那些获得超过5000个赞的帖子或那些获得前1%赞的帖子)对候选人在帖子发布之日收到的竞选捐款数量和金额的影响。结合2018年和2020年众议院选举期间Facebook的社交媒体数据和竞选资金捐款,我发现,病毒式传播的帖子可以在这些日期大幅增加候选人的筹款。这一发现表明,候选人可以通过增加社交媒体的成功来增加他们的筹款。
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引用次数: 1
“Anti-Regime Influentials” Across Platforms: A Case Study of the Free Navalny Protests in Russia 跨平台的“反政权影响”——以俄罗斯纳瓦尔尼自由抗议活动为例
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6643
S. Glazunova, Malmi Amadoru
The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022 has put the future of the Russian opposition further at stake. The new limitations towards political, internet, and press freedoms have led to a severe disintegration of the anti-regime movement in Russia, including its leaders like Alexey Navalny. Digital platforms had previously hosted anti-Kremlin narratives online and played a role in the facilitation of Russian anti-regime protests. The latest scalable anti-regime rallies to date were the Free Navalny protests, caused by the imprisonment of Navalny in 2021. Digital platforms strengthened the voice of the Russian regime critics; however, their growing visibility online caused further suppression in the country. To understand this paradox, we ask which main anti-regime communicators were influential in the protests’ discussions on Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook, and how platform features have facilitated their influence during the Free Navalny protests. We develop a multi-platform methodological workflow comprising network analysis, social media analytics, and qualitative methods to map the Russian anti-regime publics and identify its opinion leaders. We also evaluate the cultures of use of platforms and their features by various Russian anti-regime communicators seeking high visibility online. We distinguish between contextual and feature cultures of platform use that potentially aid the popularity of such actors and propose to cautiously confer the mobilisation and democratisation potential to digital platforms under growing authoritarianism.
2022年俄罗斯对乌克兰的全面入侵使俄罗斯反对派的未来进一步岌岌可危。对政治、互联网和新闻自由的新限制导致了俄罗斯反政权运动的严重瓦解,包括其领导人阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼(Alexey Navalny)。此前,数字平台曾在网上发布反克里姆林宫的言论,并在促进俄罗斯反政府抗议活动方面发挥了作用。到目前为止,最新的大规模反政府集会是2021年纳瓦尔尼被监禁引发的“自由纳瓦尔尼”抗议活动。数字平台加强了俄罗斯政权批评者的声音;然而,他们在网上的知名度越来越高,导致该国进一步压制。为了理解这一悖论,我们要问哪些主要的反政府传播者在Twitter、YouTube和Facebook上的抗议讨论中具有影响力,以及平台功能如何在自由纳瓦尔尼抗议期间促进了他们的影响力。我们开发了一个多平台的方法论工作流程,包括网络分析、社交媒体分析和定性方法,以绘制俄罗斯反政府公众的地图并确定其意见领袖。我们还评估了各种寻求在线高知名度的俄罗斯反政府传播者使用平台的文化及其特征。我们区分了平台使用的背景文化和特征文化,这些文化可能有助于这些行动者的普及,并建议在日益增长的威权主义下谨慎地赋予数字平台动员和民主化的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Dealing With Covid-19 in Casual Democracies 在临时民主政体中应对新冠肺炎
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6807
Steen Steensen
This article reports findings from an in-depth, autoethnographic study of local communities in Denmark and England left behind by local journalism. The study was conducted during—and is thematically framed by—the Covid-19 pandemic, and it investigates how news, information, and deliberation related to this crisis were facilitated in the communities. The article embarks from ideas of informed citizenship and problems of misinformation and free speech related to the pandemic, and it aims to uncover developments in local democracy in places left behind by local journalism and dominated by platforms. The article argues that “news desert” is not an accurate term describing such places. Instead, such places and their social media platform dependency constitute what is identified as “casual democracies.” In casual local democracies, who and what gets to dominate the local public spheres is difficult to predict, as are the credibility and trustworthiness of local news and information and the interests that local news and information providers serve. Such local democracies are, to a large degree, shaped by informal power structures, individual agency, and the infrastructure of platforms.
本文报道了对丹麦和英国当地新闻业遗留下来的当地社区进行的深入的民族志研究的结果。这项研究是在新冠肺炎大流行期间进行的,主题是由这场大流行确定的,它调查了与这场危机有关的新闻、信息和审议是如何在社区中得到促进的。这篇文章从知情公民的思想以及与疫情相关的错误信息和言论自由问题出发,旨在揭示地方新闻业落后、平台主导的地方民主的发展。文章认为,“新闻沙漠”并不是描述这些地方的准确术语。相反,这些地方及其对社交媒体平台的依赖构成了所谓的“随意民主”。在随意的地方民主国家,谁和什么能够主导地方公共领域很难预测,地方新闻和信息的可信度和可信度以及地方新闻和信息提供商所服务的利益也是如此。这种地方民主在很大程度上是由非正式的权力结构、个人机构和平台基础设施塑造的。
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引用次数: 1
Communication for Seniors’ Inclusion in Today’s Society: The Effects of Digitisation on Active Ageing 沟通促进长者融入社会:数码化对积极乐颐年的影响
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.7039
Carmen Llorente-Barroso, Leopoldo Abad-Alcalá, Fausto Colombo
The progressive ageing of developed societies requires strategies and tools to ensure the well-being of older adults. The new communication paradigm offers ways to reduce the stigma associated with ageing and to improve the quality of life for older adults, but it can also create a dynamic that could put their inclusion at risk. The internet has fomented digital gaps that have exacerbated some of the exclusionary barriers faced by many older adults, while allowing a considerable number of others to maintain emotional ties with loved ones during the worst moments of the pandemic. This thematic issue addresses the different opportunities offered by Information and Communication Technology in improving the social inclusion and quality of life of seniors, but it also considers the risks that digitisation may pose by limiting certain rights of this group. Through the different articles in this issue, the repercussions of communication on the management of ageing are highlighted from different perspectives and methodological approaches. In this way, the complexity of the issue has been revealed, along with the need to address it from positive and constructive perspectives that reassess the role of older adults in the societies in which they live.
发达社会的逐渐老龄化需要战略和工具来确保老年人的福祉。新的沟通模式提供了减少与老龄化有关的耻辱和改善老年人生活质量的方法,但它也可能创造一种可能危及老年人融入社会的动态。互联网加剧了数字鸿沟,加剧了许多老年人面临的一些排他性障碍,同时使相当多的其他人能够在疫情最严重的时刻与亲人保持情感联系。本专题讨论了信息和通信技术在改善老年人的社会包容和生活质量方面提供的不同机会,但也考虑了数字化可能通过限制这一群体的某些权利而带来的风险。通过本期不同的文章,从不同的角度和方法方法来强调传播对老龄化管理的影响。这样,问题的复杂性就暴露出来了,同时也表明需要从积极和建设性的角度来解决这个问题,重新评估老年人在他们所生活的社会中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Older Adults’ Perspectives on Digital Game-Related Strategies to Foster Active and Healthy Ageing 评估老年人对数字游戏相关策略的看法,以促进积极健康的老龄化
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6796
Francisco Regalado, C. Ortet, L. Costa, Carlos Santos, A. Veloso
The growing use of digital platforms among older adults has brought increased challenges to the design and development process, thus requiring considering age-related needs and changes. Nonetheless, a growing body of research suggests that different types of applications of digital platforms, i.e., digital games, can foster new opportunities to encourage active and healthy ageing (AHA) by promoting knowledge acquisition, developing competences, fostering well-being, and deepening social connections. Therefore, this study aims to assess older adults’ perspectives and participation in digital game-related strategies and how these can foster AHA. A mixed-methods approach was applied, resorting to field notes and a questionnaire, involving 18 participants aged between 63 and 81, at the Ageing Lab (Laboratório do Envelhecimento). Through 10 exploratory digital gaming-related sessions over approximately two months, participants were introduced to game-related strategies and online communities. Overall, this study sustained previous research about the influence of digital games and online communities in the promotion of AHA, by encouraging participation in society, acquisition of new digital competences in the dimensions of information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, and safety; and maintaining one’s health and well-being. Moreover, findings suggest that continued contact with information and communication technologies stimulates digital proficiency, thus further fostering inclusion in an increasingly digital society.
老年人越来越多地使用数字平台,这给设计和开发过程带来了越来越多的挑战,因此需要考虑与年龄相关的需求和变化。尽管如此,越来越多的研究表明,数字平台的不同类型的应用,即数字游戏,可以通过促进知识获取、发展能力、促进福祉和深化社会联系,创造新的机会,鼓励积极和健康的老龄化。因此,本研究旨在评估老年人对数字游戏相关策略的看法和参与,以及这些策略如何促进AHA。在老龄化实验室(Laboratório do Envelhecimento),采用了一种混合方法,采用实地记录和问卷调查,涉及18名年龄在63至81岁之间的参与者。在大约两个月的时间里,通过10次与数字游戏相关的探索性会议,参与者了解了与游戏相关的策略和在线社区。总的来说,这项研究延续了之前关于数字游戏和在线社区在促进AHA方面的影响的研究,通过鼓励参与社会,在信息和数据素养,沟通和协作以及安全方面获得新的数字能力;维持一个人的健康和幸福。此外,研究结果表明,持续接触信息和通信技术会促进数字熟练程度,从而进一步促进融入日益数字化的社会。
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引用次数: 1
Digital Ageism: Emerging Challenges and Best Practices of Age-Friendly Digital Urban Governance 数字老龄主义:老龄化数字城市治理的新挑战和最佳实践
IF 3.1 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v11i3.6711
Olga Kolotouchkina, Mónica Viñarás-Abad, L. Mañas-Viniegra
The ageing of urban populations poses serious challenges for policymakers and urban planners alike. While the number of people over 65 is increasing in urban areas, the digital transition in cities raises concerns about the persisting digital divide facing older citizens, as well as the digital inequality and ageism inherent to most digital domains. As ageing in place and place attachment play a significant role in the social engagement and well-being of older people, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the novel approaches taken by local governments to foster active participation among senior residents in the digital public sphere. Using semi-structured interviews with public officials from three age-friendly cities in Spain, we have explored innovative urban projects for digital inclusion, active ageing, and autonomy for older people. The findings of the study reveal the importance of coordinated multi-stakeholder initiatives in promoting digital literacy and overcoming barriers rooted in ageism in the digital world. True representation of older people in local governments, the promotion of co-creation initiatives led by seniors, and the standardisation of universal design and accessibility are some of the key contributions made by Spanish cities in their transition toward places that are digitally inclusive and age-friendly.
城市人口老龄化给政策制定者和城市规划者都带来了严峻的挑战。虽然城市地区65岁以上的人口数量正在增加,但城市的数字化转型引发了人们对老年人面临的持续数字鸿沟的担忧,以及大多数数字领域固有的数字不平等和年龄歧视。由于就地老龄化和地点依恋在老年人的社会参与和福祉中发挥着重要作用,本研究的目的是揭示地方政府采取的新方法,以促进老年人积极参与数字公共领域。通过对西班牙三个老年人友好型城市的政府官员进行半结构化访谈,我们探索了数字包容、积极老龄化和老年人自治的创新城市项目。研究结果揭示了协调的多利益攸关方倡议在促进数字扫盲和克服数字世界中源于年龄歧视的障碍方面的重要性。在地方政府中老年人的真实代表,促进老年人领导的共同创造计划,以及通用设计和可达性的标准化,是西班牙城市向数字化包容性和老年人友好型城市过渡的一些关键贡献。
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引用次数: 5
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