Measurement最新文献_第5页

A 3D-printed sensing element based on fiber Bragg grating technology for grasping force measurement in surgical forceps 基于光纤布拉格光栅技术的 3D 打印传感元件，用于测量手术钳的抓取力

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116236

Francesca De Tommasi , Martina Pulcinelli , Carlo Massaroni , Alessio Gizzi , Sergio Silvestri , Emiliano Schena , Daniela Lo Presti

This study introduced a 3D-printed sensing element based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology to measure grasping forces when integrated into surgical forceps during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Its design mainly consists of an octagonal-shaped structure with a single FBG suspended within, the first to use fused deposition modeling technique in this application scenario. This novel solution allows improving the design customization and the structural robustness of the proposed sensing element. A finite element model was developed to study the mechanical behavior of the structure under transversal force (F) values experienced during grasping. Thermoplastic polyurethane material as printing filament enhanced the deformation capabilities of the sensor, thereby optimizing its response to F as evidenced by the value of sensitivity to F (i.e., 0.11 nm·N⁻¹). Additionally, the sensing element exhibited a low hysteresis error (always below 14 %). Tests in controlled conditions confirmed the sensor capability to discriminate materials with different stiffness. Furthermore, the sensor was used as the sensing core of a surgical forceps prototype and tested during ex vivo experiments on hepatic, myocardial and spleen tissues simulating a MIS environment. The system was able to measure F during tissue grasping and the real-time feedback improved the tissue holding stability, important for reducing tissue damage risk during MIS procedures.

本研究介绍了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）技术的三维打印传感元件，用于测量微创手术（MIS）中集成到手术钳中的抓取力。它的设计主要包括一个八角形结构，内部悬浮着单个 FBG，这是首次在该应用场景中使用熔融沉积建模技术。这种新颖的解决方案提高了设计的定制性和拟议传感元件的结构坚固性。我们开发了一个有限元模型来研究结构在抓取过程中横向力 (F) 值作用下的机械行为。热塑性聚氨酯材料作为打印丝增强了传感器的变形能力，从而优化了其对 F 的响应，对 F 的灵敏度值（即 0.11 nm-N-1）证明了这一点。此外，传感元件还表现出较低的滞后误差（始终低于 14%）。在受控条件下进行的测试证实，传感器具有分辨不同硬度材料的能力。此外，该传感器还被用作外科镊子原型的传感核心，并在模拟 MIS 环境的肝脏、心肌和脾脏组织的体外实验中进行了测试。该系统能够测量抓取组织过程中的 F 值，实时反馈提高了组织固定的稳定性，这对降低 MIS 手术中组织损伤的风险非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Fast simple determination of nitrogen in reduced graphene oxide by pulse furnace heating combined with thermal conductivity detection technique 通过脉冲炉加热结合热导检测技术快速简单地测定还原氧化石墨烯中的氮含量

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116272

Kuan Wang, Junhong Yang, Dongxu Gao, Zhe Zhang

The fast accurately determining the contents of various elements in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has long been the most important research topic in the field of analytical chemistry for a long time. In this study, a new method was developed for fast and simple determination of total nitrogen content in rGO via pulse furnace heating combined with a thermal conductivity detection technique. Two key parameters, extraction power and sample weight were optimized experimentally. A nitrogen release curve was obtained through pulse furnace heating combined with thermal conductivity detection. The quantification limit of nitrogen element was calculated based on the results of the multiple blank experiments, and the accuracy and precision of the new method were verified by measuring nitrogen contents in rGO samples. The accuracy of this method was verified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a CHNOS analyzer comparisons. This is the first study, in which pulse furnace heating combined with thermal conductivity detection was used to determine the total nitrogen content in rGO.

长期以来，快速准确地测定还原型氧化石墨烯（rGO）中各种元素的含量一直是分析化学领域最重要的研究课题。本研究通过脉冲炉加热结合热导检测技术，建立了一种快速简便测定还原型氧化石墨烯（rGO）中总氮含量的新方法。实验优化了萃取功率和样品重量这两个关键参数。通过脉冲炉加热结合热导检测技术获得了氮释放曲线。根据多次空白实验的结果计算了氮元素的定量限，并通过测定 rGO 样品中的氮含量验证了新方法的准确性和精密度。通过 X 射线光电子能谱和 CHNOS 分析仪的比较，验证了该方法的准确性。这是首次使用脉冲炉加热结合热导检测来测定 rGO 中总氮含量的研究。

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引用次数: 0

A diaphragm secondary stress utilization method for increasing the sensitivity of piezoresistive pressure sensors without sacrificing linearity 在不牺牲线性度的情况下提高压阻式压力传感器灵敏度的膜片二次应力利用方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116271

Yuanying Zhang , Fengyun Liu , Xiaojing Wang , Xiubing Liang , Zheng Guo , Xiaoliang Luo , Jinjun Deng , Xingxu Zhang , Jian Luo , Binghe Ma

Piezoresistive pressure sensors with high sensitivity and linearity are critical for aerospace and other industries, however, attempts to improve sensitivity often reduce linearity. Therefore a diaphragm secondary stress utilization method (DSSUM) is proposed, which can significantly increase sensor sensitivity without sacrificing the linearity. The DSSUM realizes the detection of primary and secondary stresses on the diaphragm through the eight-piezoresistor Wheatstone bridge without changing the structure of the diaphragm. A differential pressure sensor with a measurement range of −15 ∼ 15 kPa has been designed and fabricated based on DSSUM. Comparative test results show that DSSUM can increase the sensitivity of the sensor by 50.32 % to 32.35 mV/kPa while maintaining the linearity at 0.031 %F.S. The repeatability of the sensor is 0.02 %FS, the hysteresis is 0.01 %FS, and the zero drift is 0.052 %FS. By using DSSUM, both wide-range and small-range pressure sensors can increase their sensitivity by more than 50 % without impacting linearity. The DSSUM offers a new method for achieving high-performance pressure sensors and holds potential for wide application.

具有高灵敏度和线性度的压阻压力传感器对于航空航天和其他行业至关重要，然而，试图提高灵敏度往往会降低线性度。因此，我们提出了一种膜片二次应力利用方法（DSSUM），它能在不牺牲线性度的情况下显著提高传感器的灵敏度。DSSUM 在不改变膜片结构的情况下，通过八压电电阻惠斯通电桥实现了对膜片一次和二次应力的检测。基于 DSSUM 设计和制造了一个测量范围为 -15 ∼ 15 kPa 的压差传感器。对比测试结果表明，DSSUM 可将传感器的灵敏度提高 50.32 %，达到 32.35 mV/kPa，同时线性度保持在 0.031 %F.S.；传感器的重复性为 0.02 %FS，滞后为 0.01 %FS，零点漂移为 0.052 %FS。通过使用 DSSUM，宽量程和小量程压力传感器都能将灵敏度提高 50 % 以上，而不会影响线性度。DSSUM 为实现高性能压力传感器提供了一种新方法，具有广泛的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An automatic rebar spacing measuring method based on the YOLOv8-GB model 基于 YOLOv8-GB 模型的钢筋间距自动测量方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116278

Jiayin Song , Teng Lu , Ting Liao , Zhuoyuan Jiang , Qinglin Zhu , Jinlong Wang , Liusong Yang , Hongwei Zhou , Wenlong Song

In engineering construction projects, rebar spacing measurement requires significant manual labor with low efficiency. This paper proposes a new intelligent rebar spacing measurement method based on the YOLOv8-GB model to save the workforce and improve efficiency. This method collects images of rebars to be measured using a binocular camera, utilizes the proposed YOLOv8-GB model to extract rebars from the scene, and achieves spacing measurement. The system is deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 NX for on-site portable measurement and can run in real-time at 24 frames per second. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8-GB network, compared with the YOLOv8n network, increased Recall, Precision, [email protected], and mAP50-95 by 0.6 %, 5.5 %, 2.3 %, and 7.6 %, respectively. The measurement system built with YOLOv8-GB achieved an average absolute error of ± 1.7 mm, ±2.1 mm, and ± 2.7 mm for rebar spacing measurements on three different ground textures, with average relative errors of 0.85 %, 0.93 %, and 1.32 %, meeting engineering requirements. Compared to the measurement system built with YOLOv8n, the average absolute error decreased by 37.0 %, 8.0 %, and 25.0 % under the three different ground textures, while the average relative error decreased by 36.1 %, 8.8 %, and 23.7 %, respectively.

在工程建设项目中，钢筋间距测量需要大量的人工劳动，效率较低。本文提出了一种基于 YOLOv8-GB 模型的新型智能钢筋间距测量方法，以节省劳动力并提高效率。该方法使用双目摄像头采集待测钢筋图像，利用提出的 YOLOv8-GB 模型从场景中提取钢筋，并实现间距测量。该系统部署在 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 NX 上，用于现场便携式测量，可以每秒 24 帧的速度实时运行。实验结果表明，与 YOLOv8n 网络相比，改进后的 YOLOv8-GB 网络在 Recall、Precision、[email protected] 和 mAP50-95 方面分别提高了 0.6%、5.5%、2.3% 和 7.6%。使用 YOLOv8-GB 构建的测量系统在三种不同地面纹理上测量钢筋间距时，平均绝对误差分别为 ± 1.7 mm、±2.1 mm 和 ± 2.7 mm，平均相对误差分别为 0.85 %、0.93 % 和 1.32 %，满足工程要求。与使用 YOLOv8n 建立的测量系统相比，在三种不同的地面纹理下，平均绝对误差分别减少了 37.0 %、8.0 % 和 25.0 %，平均相对误差分别减少了 36.1 %、8.8 % 和 23.7 %。

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引用次数: 0

Fault diagnosis method for harmonic reducer based on personalized federated aggregation strategy with skip cycle weight 基于跳环权个性化联邦聚合策略的谐波减速器故障诊断方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116275

Yulin Sun , Shouqiang Kang , Yujing Wang , Liansheng Liu , Wenmin Lv , Hongqi Wang

In order to solve the problem of low fault diagnosis accuracy caused by the difference in data distribution between users of different harmonic reducers under data islands, a privacy-preserving fault diagnosis method for harmonic reducers based on personalized federated learning (PFL-HR) is proposed. First, a model construction method based on second aggregation is proposed to deploy personalized local models among users, reducing differences in data distribution. Second, a federated aggregation strategy based on cycle weight is proposed to update the global model parameters, accelerating the convergence of the global model. Finally, in the global model parameters distribution stage, a model parameters’ skip aggregation strategy is proposed to extend the training paradigm, further improving diagnosis accuracy. Through multiple groups of experiments on the harmonic reducer data collected from the self-built experimental platform, the results show that PFL-HR improves accuracy by an average of 6.08%. compared to other personalized federated learning methods.

针对数据孤岛下不同谐波减速器用户间数据分布差异导致故障诊断准确率低的问题，提出了一种基于个性化联邦学习（PFL-HR）的谐波减速器故障诊断方法。首先，提出一种基于二次聚合的模型构建方法，在用户间部署个性化的局部模型，减少数据分布差异；其次，提出了一种基于循环权值的联邦聚合策略来更新全局模型参数，加快全局模型的收敛速度；最后，在全局模型参数分布阶段，提出了模型参数跳跃聚合策略，扩展了训练范式，进一步提高了诊断准确率。通过对自建实验平台收集的谐波减速器数据进行多组实验，结果表明，PFL-HR平均提高了6.08%的精度。与其他个性化联合学习方法相比。

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引用次数: 0

Research on distributed monitoring system of intelligent highway based on weak fiber Bragg grating 基于弱光纤布拉格光栅的智能高速公路分布式监控系统研究

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116273

Lina Yue , Sheng Li , Fang Liu , Qiuming Nan , Dian Fan , Jinpeng Jiang , Juntao Wang , Qing Wang

The intelligent highway distributed monitoring system employing wFBG sensing technology is promising in the transport engineering. This research proposes a system architecture consisting of weak fiber Bragg grating (wFBG), data link, edge computing region and client interface. The structure and demodulation of the strained optical fiber cable and vibrating optical fiber cable based on wFBG were developed and applied. Further, taking Chen-Bridge and the nearby roadway as the research object, the performance of two types of sensing optical cables was verified according to dynamic and static loading experiments as well as finite element analysis. Moreover, the implementation solutions for intelligent highway functions such as bridge safety status, roadway safety status, lane identification, traffic volume statistics with speed calculation are proposed. Finally, the improvement directions of wFBG applications are analyzed.

采用弱光纤布拉格光栅传感技术的智能高速公路分布式监控系统在交通工程领域大有可为。本研究提出了一种由弱光纤布拉格光栅（wFBG）、数据链路、边缘计算区域和客户端接口组成的系统架构。开发并应用了基于弱光纤布拉格光栅的应变光缆和振动光缆的结构和解调方法。此外，以陈桥及附近道路为研究对象，通过动、静载荷实验和有限元分析，验证了两种传感光缆的性能。此外，还提出了桥梁安全状态、路面安全状态、车道识别、带速度计算的交通量统计等智能公路功能的实现方案。最后，分析了 wFBG 应用的改进方向。

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on mid-infrared CO transition lines broadened by N2, He, and H2 at elevated temperatures 关于高温下 N2、He 和 H2 扩宽的中红外 CO 过渡线的实验研究

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116264

Tielou Liu , Dong He , Renjie Li , Fei Li , Ting Si , Juchun Ding , Xisheng Luo

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been established as a strong technique for high-fidelity measurements at elevated temperatures. However, the accuracy of the measured data using TDLAS depends on the accuracy of the spectroscopic parameters. In this paper, the N₂-, He-, and H₂-perturbed collisional broadening coefficients of the CO P(0, 21), P(1, 21), and P(0, 37) lines were measured at 1040–2980 K. Ar-diluted mixtures were applied to measure these spectroscopic parameters at elevated temperatures up to 3000 K. Validation experiments highlighted that the measured temperatures and CO concentrations agreed well with the known values under thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. Comparisons of residuals in Voigt fitting highlighted that the N₂-perturbed Dicke narrowing effects are stronger than the He- and H₂-perturbed phenomena. The differences among species-perturbed high-temperature collisional broadening coefficients for the three transition lines were found to be closely related to the intermolecular forces and effective collision cross-sections.

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）已成为在高温条件下进行高保真测量的有力技术。然而，使用 TDLAS 测量数据的准确性取决于光谱参数的准确性。本文在 1040-2980 K 温度下测量了 CO P(0,21)、P(1,21) 和 P(0,37) 线的 N2-、He- 和 H2-扰动碰撞展宽系数。Voigt 拟合的残差比较表明，N2扰动的 Dicke 收窄效应强于 He 和 H2- 扰动的现象。研究发现，三种过渡线的物种扰动高温碰撞增宽系数之间的差异与分子间作用力和有效碰撞截面密切相关。

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引用次数: 0

A ST-Copula method for highway traffic data interpolation in monitoring blind areas 用于监控盲区公路交通数据插值的 ST-Copula 方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116274

Haiyi Yang , Xiaohua Zhao , Sen Luan , Jianyu Qi

A comprehensive understanding of the traffic situation in the Monitoring Blind Areas (MBA) of highway is very important for traffic management. However, the complete absence of historical data renders conventional traffic data imputation methods, including tensor decomposition and deep learning algorithms, ineffective. In this paper, a Spatio-temporal Copula (ST-Copula) method is proposed based on the theory of spatial statistics to interpolate traffic data in MBA. Firstly, based on the data series of observation points, the corresponding marginal distribution functions are obtained by data fitting. These marginal functions then be aggregated into a joint function using Copula theory. Secondly, a spatiotemporal correlation matrix is constructed with the spatial variation function to describe the dependent structure of the traffic data, and the maximum likelihood method is adopted to estimate the parameters. Finally, conditional probability density function is constructed according to the spatial location, and Monte-Carlo sampling is applied to deduce the traffic data of the MBA. Based on the above methodology, speed data from a freeway in Zhejiang Province are collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the ST-Copula model. The results showed that compared to Kriging and Copula-based methods, the ST-Copula achieves reductions of 36.4 % and 34.8 % in MAPE and RMSE values, respectively, across various conditions. ST-Copula reduces the limitations of inherent Gaussian assumptions in traditional spatial statistical methods, demonstrating robustness in handling high spatiotemporal variability. The proposed method demonstrates the feasibility of inferring global traffic conditions from limited observations, effectively allowing the monitoring of entire road networks using fewer detectors, thereby reducing road construction costs and rapid response to emergencies.

全面了解高速公路监控盲区（MBA）的交通状况对交通管理非常重要。然而，由于完全缺乏历史数据，包括张量分解和深度学习算法在内的传统交通数据估算方法无法奏效。本文基于空间统计学理论，提出了一种时空 Copula（ST-Copula）方法，用于插值 MBA 中的交通数据。首先，根据观测点数据序列，通过数据拟合得到相应的边际分布函数。然后利用 Copula 理论将这些边际函数聚合成一个联合函数。其次，利用空间变化函数构建时空相关矩阵来描述交通数据的依存结构，并采用最大似然法估计参数。最后，根据空间位置构建条件概率密度函数，并应用蒙特卡洛采样法推导出 MBA 的交通数据。根据上述方法，收集了浙江省某高速公路的车速数据，以评估 ST-Copula 模型的有效性。结果表明，与基于 Kriging 和 Copula 的方法相比，ST-Copula 在各种条件下的 MAPE 值和 RMSE 值分别降低了 36.4% 和 34.8%。ST-Copula 减少了传统空间统计方法中固有高斯假设的局限性，在处理高时空变异性方面表现出稳健性。所提出的方法证明了从有限的观测数据推断全球交通状况的可行性，可有效地使用较少的探测器监测整个道路网络，从而降低道路建设成本并快速应对紧急情况。

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引用次数: 0

Vision-based identification of tire inflation pressure using Tire-YOLO and deflection 利用 Tire-YOLO 和挠度进行基于视觉的轮胎充气压力识别

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116228

Jie Zhang , Jiaqiang Peng , Xuan Kong , Lu Deng , Eugene J. OBrien

Tire inflation pressure has a significant impact on vehicle performance and safety. Existing tire pressure identification methods rely on sensors, which have limitations such as high maintenance costs and poor durability. This study proposes a non-contact method for tire pressure identification using Tire-YOLO and deflection. Firstly, a Tire-YOLO model is developed to identify tire specifications in images, which are used to obtain recommended pressure referring to the standards. Then, the statistical relationship between actual and recommended pressures is established to obtain statistical pressure. Next, the statistical pressure is corrected using the visually identified tire deflection, serving as an approximation of actual pressure. Finally, field tests are conducted on different tire types to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that the inflation pressures determined using this method are within 10% of actual pressures for all the cases. The proposed method provides a potential way for rapid identification of inflation pressure.

轮胎充气压力对车辆性能和安全有重大影响。现有的轮胎压力识别方法依赖于传感器，而传感器存在维护成本高、耐用性差等局限性。本研究提出了一种利用 Tire-YOLO 和挠度进行轮胎压力识别的非接触式方法。首先，开发了一个 Tire-YOLO 模型来识别图像中的轮胎规格，并根据这些规格获得标准的推荐压力。然后，建立实际压力和推荐压力之间的统计关系，得到统计压力。然后，利用视觉识别的轮胎变形对统计压力进行修正，作为实际压力的近似值。最后，对不同类型的轮胎进行了实地测试，以验证所建议的方法。结果表明，在所有情况下，使用该方法确定的充气压力都在实际压力的 10%以内。建议的方法为快速确定充气压力提供了一种可行的方法。

引用次数: 0

Gas-liquid flow rates measurement based on dual differential pressures of a power-driven swirler 基于动力驱动漩涡器双压差的气液流速测量技术

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Measurement

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116276

Haocun Wang, Qiang Xu, Xuemei Zhang, Xiaojun Ma, Lulu Li, Liejin Guo

In recent years, swirlers have gained increasing attention in gas–liquid flow rates measurement. A power-driven swirler device is designed suitable for low gas–liquid flow rates conditions. Variation characteristics of swirler differential pressure (

Δ P_{s}

) and radial differential pressure (

Δ P_{r}

) are investigated under three swirler rotational speeds (0, 300, and 600 rpm). An average reduction of 9 % and 15 % can be seen in fluctuations of

Δ P_{s}

and

Δ P_{r}

signals, respectively. Wider measurement range can be achieved by increasing the rotational speed, the minimum liquid superficial velocity decreases from 1.53 m/s to 1.02 m/s and the maximum gas volume fraction increases from 41.8 % to 51.9 %. Then, a new gas–liquid flow rate measurement model is established considering the gas–liquid slip and interfacial interaction. As the rotational speed increases from 0 to 600 rpm, the relative errors of liquid and gas mass flow rates decrease from ± 3.4 % to ± 2.7 % and ± 24 % to ± 10 %, respectively.

近年来，漩涡器在气液流量测量中越来越受到关注。动力驱动漩涡装置设计适用于低气液流速条件。研究了三种漩涡转速（0、300 和 600 rpm）下漩涡压差（ΔPs）和径向压差（ΔPr）的变化特征。结果表明，ΔPs 和 ΔPr 信号的波动分别平均降低了 9% 和 15%。通过提高转速可以获得更宽的测量范围，最小液体表面速度从 1.53 m/s 降至 1.02 m/s，最大气体体积分数从 41.8 % 增至 51.9 %。然后，考虑到气液滑移和界面相互作用，建立了新的气液流速测量模型。随着转速从 0 转/分增加到 600 转/分，液体和气体质量流量的相对误差分别从 ± 3.4 % 和 ± 24 % 下降到 ± 2.7 % 和 ± 10 %。

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引用次数: 0