Molly Mactaggart, Amoret P Whitaker, Keith N Wilkinson, Martin J R Hall
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are arguably the most important providers of an estimate of minimum post-mortem interval in forensic investigations. They usually undergo a post-feeding dispersal from the body. While previous studies have looked at dispersal of groups of larvae, recording the dispersal activity of individual larvae has not previously been demonstrated. A servosphere was used here to record the speed, directionality and phototaxis of individual post-feeding larvae of two species of blow fly on a smooth plastic surface over time. The servosphere rotates to compensate for the movement of an insect placed at its apex, thereby enabling its unimpeded locomotion in any direction to be studied and behavioural changes to external stimuli recorded. To our knowledge, the servosphere has not previously been used to study apodous insects. The objective of our study was to compare dispersal behaviour of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), both common primary colonisers of human and animal cadavers, but showing different post-feeding dispersal strategies. Larvae of C. vicina generally disperse from the body while those of P. terraenovae remain on or close to the body. Our aims were to study (1) changes in dispersal speed over a 1-h period; (2) changes in dispersal speed once a day for 4 days, between the end of feeding and onset of pupariation; and (3) response of dispersing larvae to light. We demonstrated that (1) the movement of three C. vicina larvae tracked for 1 continuous hour on 1 day slowed from an average of 3 to <1.7 mms-1; (2) the average speed of 20 larvae of C. vicina (4.08 mms-1) recorded for 5 min once per day over a 4-day period between onset of dispersal and pupariation was significantly greater than that of P. terraenovae (2.36 mms-1; p < 0.0001), but that speed of both species increased slightly over the 4 days; (3) the responses of larvae of C. vicina to changes in light direction from the four cardinal directions of the compass, showed that they exhibited a strong negative phototactic response within 5 s, turning to move at approximately 180° away from the new light position. While conducted to observe larval calliphorid post-feeding behaviour, the results of this proof of concept study show that apodous insects can be studied on a servosphere to produce both qualitative and quantitative data.
{"title":"Novel use of a servosphere to study apodous insects: Investigation of blow fly post-feeding larval dispersal.","authors":"Molly Mactaggart, Amoret P Whitaker, Keith N Wilkinson, Martin J R Hall","doi":"10.1111/mve.12745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are arguably the most important providers of an estimate of minimum post-mortem interval in forensic investigations. They usually undergo a post-feeding dispersal from the body. While previous studies have looked at dispersal of groups of larvae, recording the dispersal activity of individual larvae has not previously been demonstrated. A servosphere was used here to record the speed, directionality and phototaxis of individual post-feeding larvae of two species of blow fly on a smooth plastic surface over time. The servosphere rotates to compensate for the movement of an insect placed at its apex, thereby enabling its unimpeded locomotion in any direction to be studied and behavioural changes to external stimuli recorded. To our knowledge, the servosphere has not previously been used to study apodous insects. The objective of our study was to compare dispersal behaviour of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), both common primary colonisers of human and animal cadavers, but showing different post-feeding dispersal strategies. Larvae of C. vicina generally disperse from the body while those of P. terraenovae remain on or close to the body. Our aims were to study (1) changes in dispersal speed over a 1-h period; (2) changes in dispersal speed once a day for 4 days, between the end of feeding and onset of pupariation; and (3) response of dispersing larvae to light. We demonstrated that (1) the movement of three C. vicina larvae tracked for 1 continuous hour on 1 day slowed from an average of 3 to <1.7 mms<sup>-1</sup>; (2) the average speed of 20 larvae of C. vicina (4.08 mms<sup>-1</sup>) recorded for 5 min once per day over a 4-day period between onset of dispersal and pupariation was significantly greater than that of P. terraenovae (2.36 mms<sup>-1</sup>; p < 0.0001), but that speed of both species increased slightly over the 4 days; (3) the responses of larvae of C. vicina to changes in light direction from the four cardinal directions of the compass, showed that they exhibited a strong negative phototactic response within 5 s, turning to move at approximately 180° away from the new light position. While conducted to observe larval calliphorid post-feeding behaviour, the results of this proof of concept study show that apodous insects can be studied on a servosphere to produce both qualitative and quantitative data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dante Lobos-Ovalle, Angel Herrera-Mares, Ali Z Lira-Olguin, Juan Luis Allendes, Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro, Lucila Moreno-Salas, Juan E Uribe, Maria Carolina Silva-de la Fuente
Among mammals, bats harbour the greatest taxonomic diversity of ectoparasitic arthropods. This is mainly due to their high mobility, wide distribution range and gregarious social behaviour. In Chile, 17 species of bats have been reported; however, their ectoparasitic arthropofauna has been little studied. There are currently 12 taxa recorded, belonging to two classes and associated with only four species of bats. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of parasitic flies associated with bats in three ecoregions: Atacama Desert, Chilean Matorral and Valdivian temperate forest. During 2021, using mist nets, bats were captured in Anzota caves (Atacama Desert ecoregion), Huelquén and Alto Jahuel (Chilean Matorral ecoregion), Cherquenco and San Patricio (Valdivian temperate forest). Each bat was carefully checked during a 15-min interval for the collection of ectoparasites. The arthropods were deposited in vials with 96% ethanol. A total of 26 bats corresponding to three species (Vespertilionidae: Histiotus magellanicus Philippi, 1866, Myotis arescens (Osgood, 1943); Phyllostomidae: Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810)) were captured from which a total of 142 ectoparasitic arthropods were collected. Bat flies were separated/identified under a stereomicroscope. Additionally, from the fieldwork, we report the presence of other ectoparasites associated with Chilean bats. In our study, we report new host-parasite associations between Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844 (Diptera: Streblidae) on D. rotundus, and Basilia silvae (Brèthes, 1913) (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in M. arescens in Chile. Our study extended the latitudinal range of distribution for B. silvae to Araucanía region, and we report for first time T. parasiticus in the country. Additionally, partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene were obtained from these specimens. Although there is slight morphological variation in the specimens of T. parasiticus, phylogenetic analyses suggest that they correspond to the same species. The sequences generated for B. silvae represent the first for the species. Authors recommend the use of an integrative approach in the identification of ectoparasites in poorly studied ecoregions and hosts. The integration of different markers is necessary to determine more precisely the phylogenetic relationships between South American populations and species of the genera Basilia and Trichobius.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular data on the bat flies, Basilia silvae (Brèthes, 1913) and Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844 parasitizing Chilean bats.","authors":"Dante Lobos-Ovalle, Angel Herrera-Mares, Ali Z Lira-Olguin, Juan Luis Allendes, Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro, Lucila Moreno-Salas, Juan E Uribe, Maria Carolina Silva-de la Fuente","doi":"10.1111/mve.12744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among mammals, bats harbour the greatest taxonomic diversity of ectoparasitic arthropods. This is mainly due to their high mobility, wide distribution range and gregarious social behaviour. In Chile, 17 species of bats have been reported; however, their ectoparasitic arthropofauna has been little studied. There are currently 12 taxa recorded, belonging to two classes and associated with only four species of bats. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of parasitic flies associated with bats in three ecoregions: Atacama Desert, Chilean Matorral and Valdivian temperate forest. During 2021, using mist nets, bats were captured in Anzota caves (Atacama Desert ecoregion), Huelquén and Alto Jahuel (Chilean Matorral ecoregion), Cherquenco and San Patricio (Valdivian temperate forest). Each bat was carefully checked during a 15-min interval for the collection of ectoparasites. The arthropods were deposited in vials with 96% ethanol. A total of 26 bats corresponding to three species (Vespertilionidae: Histiotus magellanicus Philippi, 1866, Myotis arescens (Osgood, 1943); Phyllostomidae: Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810)) were captured from which a total of 142 ectoparasitic arthropods were collected. Bat flies were separated/identified under a stereomicroscope. Additionally, from the fieldwork, we report the presence of other ectoparasites associated with Chilean bats. In our study, we report new host-parasite associations between Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844 (Diptera: Streblidae) on D. rotundus, and Basilia silvae (Brèthes, 1913) (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in M. arescens in Chile. Our study extended the latitudinal range of distribution for B. silvae to Araucanía region, and we report for first time T. parasiticus in the country. Additionally, partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene were obtained from these specimens. Although there is slight morphological variation in the specimens of T. parasiticus, phylogenetic analyses suggest that they correspond to the same species. The sequences generated for B. silvae represent the first for the species. Authors recommend the use of an integrative approach in the identification of ectoparasites in poorly studied ecoregions and hosts. The integration of different markers is necessary to determine more precisely the phylogenetic relationships between South American populations and species of the genera Basilia and Trichobius.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sydney DeWinter, Keana Shahin, Christopher Fernandez-Prada, Amy L. Greer, J. Scott Weese, Katie M. Clow
<p><i>Leishmania</i> spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, including those of the <i>Lutzomyia</i> genus, which can cause leishmaniases in both humans and dogs. <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. are established in many countries in South and Central America and some areas of the southern United States, with suspected potential of these vectors to undergo further range expansion due to climate change. A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to describe the current state of knowledge on the key ecological factors associated with <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. survival, reproduction and establishment. The following electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from 1 January 1990, to the date of search, 26 April 2023: CAB Direct (CABI), MEDLINE (via Ovid), Biological Sciences Database and Environmental Sciences Database. Primary research articles that were available in English and focused on ecological factors associated with <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp., such as climatic and habitat factors, geographic range, seasonality and temporality, and host abundance, were eligible for inclusion in the study. Following de-duplication, a total of 167 studies were included in Level 1 screening, 64 studies were included in Level 2 screening and 31 studies met the criteria for data extraction. Study locations included Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, the United States, Mexico and Canada, with some studies including multiple regions. A total of 31 different <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. were assessed across these studies, with most (51.6%) of the studies focused on <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis.</i> Eligible studies investigated factors such as seasonality (<i>n</i> = 5), temperature (<i>n</i> = 19), precipitation (<i>n</i> = 13), humidity (<i>n</i> = 2), vegetation presence or requirements (<i>n</i> = 13), ecotypes (<i>n</i> = 7), and/or community type (i.e., urban, suburban, rural) (<i>n</i> = 5). <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. activity was found to be higher during the rainy season, and peak when temperatures were between 20 and 25°C. <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. were also found to preferentially reside in tropical or subtropical forests, which are characterised by their lack of a distinct dry season and high precipitation. This scoping review summarised the current state of the literature on the ecological factors associated with the survival, activity and reproduction of <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. While there appears to be some consensus in the literature regarding some ecological requirements (such as seasonality, temperature and habitat features), overall, there is a lack of published research in this topic. This poses a significant challenge for future studies, which aim to predict the future distribution of <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. in the context of climate and land use changes. Additional ecological research is urgently needed on <
{"title":"Ecological determinants of leishmaniasis vector, Lutzomyia spp.: A scoping review","authors":"Sydney DeWinter, Keana Shahin, Christopher Fernandez-Prada, Amy L. Greer, J. Scott Weese, Katie M. Clow","doi":"10.1111/mve.12741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mve.12741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Leishmania</i> spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, including those of the <i>Lutzomyia</i> genus, which can cause leishmaniases in both humans and dogs. <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. are established in many countries in South and Central America and some areas of the southern United States, with suspected potential of these vectors to undergo further range expansion due to climate change. A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to describe the current state of knowledge on the key ecological factors associated with <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. survival, reproduction and establishment. The following electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from 1 January 1990, to the date of search, 26 April 2023: CAB Direct (CABI), MEDLINE (via Ovid), Biological Sciences Database and Environmental Sciences Database. Primary research articles that were available in English and focused on ecological factors associated with <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp., such as climatic and habitat factors, geographic range, seasonality and temporality, and host abundance, were eligible for inclusion in the study. Following de-duplication, a total of 167 studies were included in Level 1 screening, 64 studies were included in Level 2 screening and 31 studies met the criteria for data extraction. Study locations included Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, the United States, Mexico and Canada, with some studies including multiple regions. A total of 31 different <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. were assessed across these studies, with most (51.6%) of the studies focused on <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis.</i> Eligible studies investigated factors such as seasonality (<i>n</i> = 5), temperature (<i>n</i> = 19), precipitation (<i>n</i> = 13), humidity (<i>n</i> = 2), vegetation presence or requirements (<i>n</i> = 13), ecotypes (<i>n</i> = 7), and/or community type (i.e., urban, suburban, rural) (<i>n</i> = 5). <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. activity was found to be higher during the rainy season, and peak when temperatures were between 20 and 25°C. <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. were also found to preferentially reside in tropical or subtropical forests, which are characterised by their lack of a distinct dry season and high precipitation. This scoping review summarised the current state of the literature on the ecological factors associated with the survival, activity and reproduction of <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. While there appears to be some consensus in the literature regarding some ecological requirements (such as seasonality, temperature and habitat features), overall, there is a lack of published research in this topic. This poses a significant challenge for future studies, which aim to predict the future distribution of <i>Lutzomyia</i> spp. in the context of climate and land use changes. Additional ecological research is urgently needed on <","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":"38 4","pages":"393-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mve.12741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horwald A. B. Llano, Laura N. Robayo-Sánchez, Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, Jesús A. Cortés-Vecino, Daisy A. Gómez-Ruiz, Julio C. Aguirre-Ramírez
Several species of ectoparasites, including chewing lice and mites are closely associated with their hosts. The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is globally listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and its population has been steadily declining in recent decades suggesting a potential extinction of associated entomofauna. The purpose of this study was to record the species of ectoparasites infesting three individuals of Andean condor found dead in the ‘Páramo del Almorzadero’ Santander Department, Northeastern Colombia. One juvenile (male) and two adults (male and female) Andean condors received for necropsy were carefully examined for ectoparasite infestation. Specimens were collected and preserved in ethanol (70%) for taxonomic studies. Morphologic identification and morphometric records were made under light microscopy. Some specimens were also prepared for scanning electron microscopy and others were subjected to DNA extraction to amplify and obtain sequences of the cytochrome-C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for phylogenetic analyses. Lice were collected from the juvenile condor and the adult female and identified as Falcolipeurus assesor (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) in the juvenile condor (8 females, 19 males and 8 nymphs) and the adult (1 female); Colpocephalum trichosum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) in the juvenile (19 females, 24 males and 1 nymph) and the adult (2 females, 2 males and 3 nymphs); and Cuculiphilus zonatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) in the juvenile (40 females, 43 males and 15 nymphs) and the adult (1 male and 2 nymphs). Moreover, one mite collected from the juvenile condor was identified as Ancyralges cathartinus (Acari: Astigmata) (1 female). Morphometric data was obtained for the adult stages of F. assesor (6 females and 13 males), C. trichosum (9 females and 9 males) and C. zonatus (10 females and 10 males). We obtained the first DNA sequences of COI for F. assessor, and C. trichosum, where phylogenetic tree analysis showed that F. assessor is more closely related to Falcolipeurus marginalis, and C. trichosum to Colpocephalum kelloggi. This represents the first record of parasites in Andean condor from Colombia and contributes to the knowledge of chewing lice and mites associated with an endemic and endangered bird species. Further studies on Andean condor ectoparasites should be focused on documenting host–parasite interactions and potential health impacts in these wild birds.
包括咀嚼虱和螨虫在内的几种体外寄生虫与宿主密切相关。安第斯秃鹫(Vultur gryphus)被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为全球易危物种,近几十年来其数量持续下降,这表明与之相关的体内寄生虫可能会灭绝。本研究的目的是记录在哥伦比亚东北部桑坦德省 "Páramo del Almorzadero "发现的三只安第斯秃鹫尸体上寄生的外寄生虫种类。对接收的一只幼年(雄性)和两只成年(雄性和雌性)安第斯秃鹰的尸体进行了仔细的外寄生虫侵扰检查。采集的标本保存在乙醇(70%)中,用于分类研究。在光学显微镜下进行形态鉴定和形态计量记录。部分标本还准备用于扫描电子显微镜,其他标本则进行了 DNA 提取,以扩增并获得细胞色素-C 氧化酶亚单位 I(COI)基因的序列,用于系统发育分析。从秃鹰幼鸟和成年雌鸟身上采集的虱子被鉴定为秃鹰幼鸟(8 只雌鸟、19 只雄鸟和 8 只若虫)和成年雌鸟(1 只雌鸟)身上的 Falcolipeurus assesor(Phthiraptera: Ischnocera);秃鹰幼鸟身上的 Colpocephalum trichosum(Phthiraptera:Cuculiphiluszonatus(Phthiraptera:Amblycera),幼鸟(19 只雌鸟、24 只雄鸟和 1 只若虫)和成鸟(2 只雌鸟、2 只雄鸟和 3 只若虫);以及 Cuculiphilus zonatus(Phthiraptera:Amblycera),幼鸟(40 只雌鸟、43 只雄鸟和 15 只若虫)和成鸟(1 只雄鸟和 2 只若虫)。此外,从秃鹰幼鸟身上采集到的一只螨虫被鉴定为 Ancyralges cathartinus(Acari:Astigmata)(1 只雌螨)。我们获得了 F. assesor(6 只雌螨和 13 只雄螨)、C. trichosum(9 只雌螨和 9 只雄螨)和 C. zonatus(10 只雌螨和 10 只雄螨)的成螨形态数据。我们首次获得了 F. assessor 和 C. trichosum 的 COI DNA 序列,系统发生树分析表明 F. assessor 与 Falcolipeurus marginalis 的亲缘关系更近,而 C. trichosum 与 Colpocephalum kelloggi 的亲缘关系更近。这是哥伦比亚首次记录安第斯秃鹰体内的寄生虫,有助于了解与这种特有的濒危鸟类相关的嚼虱和螨虫。对安第斯秃鹰体外寄生虫的进一步研究应侧重于记录宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用以及对这些野生鸟类健康的潜在影响。
{"title":"First record of ectoparasites (Phthiraptera and Acari) from the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) in Colombia\u0000 Primer registro de ectoparásitos (Phthiraptera y Acari) del Cóndor Andino (Vultur gryphus) en Colombia","authors":"Horwald A. B. Llano, Laura N. Robayo-Sánchez, Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, Jesús A. Cortés-Vecino, Daisy A. Gómez-Ruiz, Julio C. Aguirre-Ramírez","doi":"10.1111/mve.12743","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mve.12743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several species of ectoparasites, including chewing lice and mites are closely associated with their hosts. The Andean condor (<i>Vultur gryphus</i>) is globally listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and its population has been steadily declining in recent decades suggesting a potential extinction of associated entomofauna. The purpose of this study was to record the species of ectoparasites infesting three individuals of Andean condor found dead in the ‘Páramo del Almorzadero’ Santander Department, Northeastern Colombia. One juvenile (male) and two adults (male and female) Andean condors received for necropsy were carefully examined for ectoparasite infestation. Specimens were collected and preserved in ethanol (70%) for taxonomic studies. Morphologic identification and morphometric records were made under light microscopy. Some specimens were also prepared for scanning electron microscopy and others were subjected to DNA extraction to amplify and obtain sequences of the cytochrome-C oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>) gene for phylogenetic analyses. Lice were collected from the juvenile condor and the adult female and identified as <i>Falcolipeurus assesor</i> (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) in the juvenile condor (8 females, 19 males and 8 nymphs) and the adult (1 female); <i>Colpocephalum trichosum</i> (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) in the juvenile (19 females, 24 males and 1 nymph) and the adult (2 females, 2 males and 3 nymphs); and <i>Cuculiphilus zonatus</i> (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) in the juvenile (40 females, 43 males and 15 nymphs) and the adult (1 male and 2 nymphs). Moreover, one mite collected from the juvenile condor was identified as <i>Ancyralges cathartinus</i> (Acari: Astigmata) (1 female). Morphometric data was obtained for the adult stages of <i>F. assesor</i> (6 females and 13 males), <i>C. trichosum</i> (9 females and 9 males) and <i>C. zonatus</i> (10 females and 10 males). We obtained the first DNA sequences of <i>COI</i> for <i>F. assessor</i>, and <i>C. trichosum</i>, where phylogenetic tree analysis showed that <i>F. assessor</i> is more closely related to <i>Falcolipeurus marginalis</i>, and <i>C. trichosum</i> to <i>Colpocephalum kelloggi.</i> This represents the first record of parasites in Andean condor from Colombia and contributes to the knowledge of chewing lice and mites associated with an endemic and endangered bird species. Further studies on Andean condor ectoparasites should be focused on documenting host–parasite interactions and potential health impacts in these wild birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":"38 4","pages":"472-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}