To optimize irrigation water and enhance yield, appropriate amount of irrigation water and its scheduling according to real time weather data can help in reducing crop water foot prints. The evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling using present weather conditions reflecting changed climatic scenarios in the study regions in the past few decades has proved to be sagacious use of water. To study the ET based irrigation scheduling, field experiment conducted with the treatments comprising four ET based weather models irrigation scheduling methods viz. no irrigation or rainfed, Thornthwaite, Hargreaves method, Temperature and modified Penman Monteith under sowing windows of 20th December and 20th January were conducted at research farm, of Department of Agronomy, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh during Rabi season of 2015-16. The estimated crop evapo-transpiration (ETc) with different ET estimation methods under North Western Himalayas showed variation during crop season. The highest estimated ET was observed in December as compared to January sown potato crop with Hargreaves method (376.8 mm) followed by Temperature (354 mm), Thornthwaite (329.5 mm) and the lowest in modified Penman Monteith methods (241.9 mm). The estimated ETc from pan evaporation observed to be the highest to the tune of (382.3 mm) compared to other methods of ETc estimation. The crop coefficients modeled at different pheno-phases were used for estimating water requirement of potato crop. It was found that irrigation scheduling based on modified Penman Monteith of ET estimation saved one irrigation to the tune of 60 mm during crop period without affecting significantly growth, and tuber yield of the potato as compared to other methods, viz., However, the irrigation schedule based on Thornthwaite method has recorded highest total potato tuber yield (171.76 q ha-1) being at par with irrigation schedules worked out from other ET estimation methods. The total water footprints were the lowest in modified Penman Monteith to the tune of 300 liters per kg of potato yield compared to other methods.
{"title":"Assessment of crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of potato using weather models under sub temperate climatic condition of North-Western Himalaya","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar, Ranbir Singh Rana, Vaibhav Kalia, Sahil Salaria, Bheem Pareek, Ranu Pathania","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.3567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.3567","url":null,"abstract":"To optimize irrigation water and enhance yield, appropriate amount of irrigation water and its scheduling according to real time weather data can help in reducing crop water foot prints. The evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling using present weather conditions reflecting changed climatic scenarios in the study regions in the past few decades has proved to be sagacious use of water. To study the ET based irrigation scheduling, field experiment conducted with the treatments comprising four ET based weather models irrigation scheduling methods viz. no irrigation or rainfed, Thornthwaite, Hargreaves method, Temperature and modified Penman Monteith under sowing windows of 20th December and 20th January were conducted at research farm, of Department of Agronomy, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh during Rabi season of 2015-16. The estimated crop evapo-transpiration (ETc) with different ET estimation methods under North Western Himalayas showed variation during crop season. The highest estimated ET was observed in December as compared to January sown potato crop with Hargreaves method (376.8 mm) followed by Temperature (354 mm), Thornthwaite (329.5 mm) and the lowest in modified Penman Monteith methods (241.9 mm). The estimated ETc from pan evaporation observed to be the highest to the tune of (382.3 mm) compared to other methods of ETc estimation. The crop coefficients modeled at different pheno-phases were used for estimating water requirement of potato crop. It was found that irrigation scheduling based on modified Penman Monteith of ET estimation saved one irrigation to the tune of 60 mm during crop period without affecting significantly growth, and tuber yield of the potato as compared to other methods, viz., However, the irrigation schedule based on Thornthwaite method has recorded highest total potato tuber yield (171.76 q ha-1) being at par with irrigation schedules worked out from other ET estimation methods. The total water footprints were the lowest in modified Penman Monteith to the tune of 300 liters per kg of potato yield compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6047
Gauravendra P. Singh, M. Khole, Archana Shinde, Sunita Bhandari
The present study analyses and describes the evolution of the Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) and its atmospheric conditions during Extreme rainfall event in Hyderabad, on 13th October 2020. This extreme weather event was a mesoscale event embedded in a synoptic-scale system. During the second week of October 2020, a depression formed over the west-central Bay of Bengal (BoB) and travelled north-westwards through peninsular India, causing heavy rains in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India on October 13-14. On October 13, many parts of Hyderabad and Cyberabad received more than 300 mm of rain within 24 hrs. Satellite imagery suggests that this mesoscale system constituted a unique set of structured convection those reported in MCC. This MCC has a cloud shield with a continuous low IR temperature of less than - 33 °C over an area of more than 100000 km2 and a cloud shield with a continuous low IR temperature of less than -54 °C over an area of more than 50000 km2 over Hyderabad with a life cycle of about 9 hours. This MCC featured multi cellular characteristics, showing that there was significant low-level moisture in its environment, as well as a mix of vigorous updrafts, implying significant rainfall rates over Hyderabad. The synoptic features suggest that with high precipitable water, the long axis of low-level moisture convergence at 0850 hPa and large horizontal vorticity at 0925 hPa were oriented parallel to the system's mean wind flow. In this case, a clusters of thunderstorms arose in the area of moisture convergence which prolonged the duration of extremely heavy rainfall. The high rain rate, relatively sluggish storm motion, and prolonged back-building over the same locations for several hours are likely to blame for the heavy rainfall accumulations that were observed. The hydrological conditions compounded the effects of the torrential rain, resulting in a natural hazard.
{"title":"A study of extreme rainfall events and urban flooding over Hyderabad, October 2020","authors":"Gauravendra P. Singh, M. Khole, Archana Shinde, Sunita Bhandari","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6047","url":null,"abstract":"The present study analyses and describes the evolution of the Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) and its atmospheric conditions during Extreme rainfall event in Hyderabad, on 13th October 2020. This extreme weather event was a mesoscale event embedded in a synoptic-scale system. During the second week of October 2020, a depression formed over the west-central Bay of Bengal (BoB) and travelled north-westwards through peninsular India, causing heavy rains in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India on October 13-14. On October 13, many parts of Hyderabad and Cyberabad received more than 300 mm of rain within 24 hrs. Satellite imagery suggests that this mesoscale system constituted a unique set of structured convection those reported in MCC. This MCC has a cloud shield with a continuous low IR temperature of less than - 33 °C over an area of more than 100000 km2 and a cloud shield with a continuous low IR temperature of less than -54 °C over an area of more than 50000 km2 over Hyderabad with a life cycle of about 9 hours. This MCC featured multi cellular characteristics, showing that there was significant low-level moisture in its environment, as well as a mix of vigorous updrafts, implying significant rainfall rates over Hyderabad. The synoptic features suggest that with high precipitable water, the long axis of low-level moisture convergence at 0850 hPa and large horizontal vorticity at 0925 hPa were oriented parallel to the system's mean wind flow. In this case, a clusters of thunderstorms arose in the area of moisture convergence which prolonged the duration of extremely heavy rainfall. The high rain rate, relatively sluggish storm motion, and prolonged back-building over the same locations for several hours are likely to blame for the heavy rainfall accumulations that were observed. The hydrological conditions compounded the effects of the torrential rain, resulting in a natural hazard.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.4839
Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Usman, Fanoos Haider
The present pot experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of biochar application on the selected properties of mercury polluted soils and uptake of Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) grown in polluted soils.Biochar obtained from rice straw was added at various rates (0, 5, 10 t/ha) on the soil artificially contaminated with mercury at a different concentration (0, 10, 20 ppm). The research indicated a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in electrical conductivity, pH, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity and organic carbon owing to biochar addition.Additionally, uptake of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen by Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) was significantly enhanced by biochar application. A significant decrease in uptake of mercury owing to biochar application was also noticed in heavily mercury-contaminated soil (20 ppm). Hence, biochar application is mostvital to improve soil quality and fertility, improve nutrients uptake, amend Hg contaminated soil and decrease the quantity of carbon formedowing to the biomassburning.
{"title":"Influence of rice straw biochar addition on soil traits and nutrient uptake of Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus)grown in Mercury-contaminatedsoils","authors":"Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Usman, Fanoos Haider","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.4839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.4839","url":null,"abstract":"The present pot experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of biochar application on the selected properties of mercury polluted soils and uptake of Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) grown in polluted soils.Biochar obtained from rice straw was added at various rates (0, 5, 10 t/ha) on the soil artificially contaminated with mercury at a different concentration (0, 10, 20 ppm). The research indicated a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in electrical conductivity, pH, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity and organic carbon owing to biochar addition.Additionally, uptake of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen by Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) was significantly enhanced by biochar application. A significant decrease in uptake of mercury owing to biochar application was also noticed in heavily mercury-contaminated soil (20 ppm). Hence, biochar application is mostvital to improve soil quality and fertility, improve nutrients uptake, amend Hg contaminated soil and decrease the quantity of carbon formedowing to the biomassburning.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6212
Ayufit Riya, Giar No, Imma Redha Nugraheni, Yahya Darmawan
Extreme weather conditions caused by cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds are closely related to the world of aviation, which is the main mode of transportation in Indonesia. Thus, the delivery of information regarding Cb predictions needs to be optimized to support flight safety and minimize the impact that can be caused. The RDCA product from the Himawari satellite can be a solution for predicting cumulus clouds that have the potential to become Cb within the next 1 hour. How accurate is the prediction of the RDCA, is considered important to be carried out in its application in the Ambon Pattimura airport area. This study focuses on the spatial and statistical analysis of categorical scores from dichotomous verification using weather radar data and surface observations, which were also verified using several parameters. Based on analysis in July and December 2021, RDCA verification results using weather radar aligned with surface observation data show that RDCA has a high accuracy value in predicting Cb in the next 10-60 minutes. Meanwhile, the results of research with several parameters have a proficient level of accuracy, although in certain cases, there are still quite a lot of false alarms and misses, indicating that the RDCA point cannot predict perfectly. The results of this research have led to progress in the development of techniques or ways to obtain the accuracy of RDCA products. The results of the accuracy of the application of RDCA can be used as a basis for nowcasting considerations as well as practical use from an operational perspective in aviation. In addition to using surface data or observations as one of the verification considerations, this paper is a initial step in assessing the accuracy of RDCA products in the tropics, especially in Ambon.
{"title":"Accuracy of cumulonimbus cloud prediction using Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA) products at Pattimura Ambon airport","authors":"Ayufit Riya, Giar No, Imma Redha Nugraheni, Yahya Darmawan","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6212","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather conditions caused by cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds are closely related to the world of aviation, which is the main mode of transportation in Indonesia. Thus, the delivery of information regarding Cb predictions needs to be optimized to support flight safety and minimize the impact that can be caused. The RDCA product from the Himawari satellite can be a solution for predicting cumulus clouds that have the potential to become Cb within the next 1 hour. How accurate is the prediction of the RDCA, is considered important to be carried out in its application in the Ambon Pattimura airport area. This study focuses on the spatial and statistical analysis of categorical scores from dichotomous verification using weather radar data and surface observations, which were also verified using several parameters. Based on analysis in July and December 2021, RDCA verification results using weather radar aligned with surface observation data show that RDCA has a high accuracy value in predicting Cb in the next 10-60 minutes. Meanwhile, the results of research with several parameters have a proficient level of accuracy, although in certain cases, there are still quite a lot of false alarms and misses, indicating that the RDCA point cannot predict perfectly. The results of this research have led to progress in the development of techniques or ways to obtain the accuracy of RDCA products. The results of the accuracy of the application of RDCA can be used as a basis for nowcasting considerations as well as practical use from an operational perspective in aviation. In addition to using surface data or observations as one of the verification considerations, this paper is a initial step in assessing the accuracy of RDCA products in the tropics, especially in Ambon.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6058
J. Bhusal, J. L. Nayava, S. Baidya, Bikash Nepal, Wouter Buytaert, Bhanu Neupane
Nepal’s rugged topography, unstable young geological formations, and fragile rocks make the country highly vulnerable to water-induced hazards such as landslides, soil erosion, and debris torrents. Hilly watersheds and settlements in hills and river banks are naturally vulnerable during heavy rainfall. The landslide EVO project selected two landslide areas, one the Bajedi landslides in the Bajura district, and another Sunkuda landslides in Bajhang district of Nepal. Automatic rain gauges were installed, and data were recorded for 2019 and 2021. The best-fit trend lines are determined by the observed rainfall depths of different durations. In addition, 24-hour rainfall records and landslide events that occurred in the region outside the pilot areas in the year 2019 were also analyzed and correlated. Rainfall intensities and depths corresponding to maximum, minimum, and average depth are correlated for different durations. The correlation between rainfall depths and durations data showed an excellent fitting observed. The trend line is considered as the rainfall threshold line for landslide risk assessment for the region.
{"title":"Rainfall threshold for landslide awareness – Focusing on the case study in the landslide EVO pilot area region in western Nepal","authors":"J. Bhusal, J. L. Nayava, S. Baidya, Bikash Nepal, Wouter Buytaert, Bhanu Neupane","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6058","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal’s rugged topography, unstable young geological formations, and fragile rocks make the country highly vulnerable to water-induced hazards such as landslides, soil erosion, and debris torrents. Hilly watersheds and settlements in hills and river banks are naturally vulnerable during heavy rainfall. The landslide EVO project selected two landslide areas, one the Bajedi landslides in the Bajura district, and another Sunkuda landslides in Bajhang district of Nepal. Automatic rain gauges were installed, and data were recorded for 2019 and 2021. The best-fit trend lines are determined by the observed rainfall depths of different durations. In addition, 24-hour rainfall records and landslide events that occurred in the region outside the pilot areas in the year 2019 were also analyzed and correlated. Rainfall intensities and depths corresponding to maximum, minimum, and average depth are correlated for different durations. The correlation between rainfall depths and durations data showed an excellent fitting observed. The trend line is considered as the rainfall threshold line for landslide risk assessment for the region.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6196
Akhil Srivastava, Naresh Kumar, M. Mohapatra
March and April 2022 months were peculiar with respect to the high temperatures breaking long-period records for India. This study attempts to explain the different causative meteorological factors that led to unprecedented hot weather during the March and April months of 2022. It is interestingly seen in the analysis that the high surface temperature anomaly for the month of March over the North Pole was one of the important factors that hindered the southward progression of the sub-tropical westerly jet stream over India and caused a lesser number of western disturbances to cross over the Indian region. Also, the anticyclonic circulation in the mid-tropospheric levels caused warming over central Pakistan and adjoining regions which caused the high temperatures over Indian regions due to temperature advection by northwesterly winds.
{"title":"Unprecedented hot weather diagnosis in India during March-April 2022","authors":"Akhil Srivastava, Naresh Kumar, M. Mohapatra","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6196","url":null,"abstract":"March and April 2022 months were peculiar with respect to the high temperatures breaking long-period records for India. This study attempts to explain the different causative meteorological factors that led to unprecedented hot weather during the March and April months of 2022. It is interestingly seen in the analysis that the high surface temperature anomaly for the month of March over the North Pole was one of the important factors that hindered the southward progression of the sub-tropical westerly jet stream over India and caused a lesser number of western disturbances to cross over the Indian region. Also, the anticyclonic circulation in the mid-tropospheric levels caused warming over central Pakistan and adjoining regions which caused the high temperatures over Indian regions due to temperature advection by northwesterly winds.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.5941
Priyanka Kumari, Sunil Kumar, R. K. Giri, Laxmi Pathak
Improve learning techniques and to prepare reference entropy which measures from the field of information theory, building upon entropy generally calculating the difference between two probability distributions. Cross-entropy can be used as a loss function when optimizing classification models like logistic regression and artificial neural networks. The performance of the proposed neural network with respect to cross entropy is presented in this research. The performance can be improved by including more data and optimization. The proposed research work will be used for time series data of events detection and prediction such as seismic event’s (Earthquake).The point of the present work is to tune the suitable algorithms for meaningful detection of the disastrous earthquake events and to generate the proper timely warning to the public.
{"title":"Application of nature-inspired computing and implementation of algorithm for earthquake detection","authors":"Priyanka Kumari, Sunil Kumar, R. K. Giri, Laxmi Pathak","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.5941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.5941","url":null,"abstract":"Improve learning techniques and to prepare reference entropy which measures from the field of information theory, building upon entropy generally calculating the difference between two probability distributions. Cross-entropy can be used as a loss function when optimizing classification models like logistic regression and artificial neural networks. The performance of the proposed neural network with respect to cross entropy is presented in this research. The performance can be improved by including more data and optimization. The proposed research work will be used for time series data of events detection and prediction such as seismic event’s (Earthquake).The point of the present work is to tune the suitable algorithms for meaningful detection of the disastrous earthquake events and to generate the proper timely warning to the public.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6229
Pradnya M. Dhage, Ankur Srivastava, S. Rao, Aarti Soni, Maheswar Pradhan
Despite the availability of reliable seasonal forecasts of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), the use of dynamical models driven by these forecasts for reservoir level management is limited. Reservoir water management can specially be useful if it can be done several months in advance, in view of an impending drought/flood scenario. The applicability of seasonal forecasts from the Monsoon Mission (MM) seasonal forecast model for seasonal and monthly inflow forecasts for tropical Indian reservoirs (Mula and Kangsabati) is studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model, at a lead time of 3 months. Long-term observed inflow datasets are used for calibration and validation of SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedure (CUP) with Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI)-2 algorithm using insitumeteorological data. Observed inflows and inflow simulations are compared with simulated inflow using SWAT with same calibrated parameters, but with forcing derived from reforecasts from the MM model. The SWAT-CUP calibrated well with reasonable Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) (Mula = 0.75, Kangsabati = 0.79) and Percentage Bias (PBIAS) (Mula = -28%, Kangsabati = 17%) for both reservoirs. The skill scores for streamflow predictions vary from 0.6-0.70 during the monsoon season, indicating reasonable accuracy for these predictions. The SWAT-MM model has a reasonable skill with 0.52-0.53 NSE and 26%-40% PBIAS. Therefore, SWAT-MM-based model has a good potential to forecast monthly and seasonal reservoir inflow for various agro-climatic zones of India. These forecasts when used in real-time, can serve as a guideline for managing the reservoir storage and release, and hence proving to be of great socio-economic importance.
{"title":"Applicability of seasonal forecasts from dynamical models for reservoir management practices","authors":"Pradnya M. Dhage, Ankur Srivastava, S. Rao, Aarti Soni, Maheswar Pradhan","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6229","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of reliable seasonal forecasts of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), the use of dynamical models driven by these forecasts for reservoir level management is limited. Reservoir water management can specially be useful if it can be done several months in advance, in view of an impending drought/flood scenario. The applicability of seasonal forecasts from the Monsoon Mission (MM) seasonal forecast model for seasonal and monthly inflow forecasts for tropical Indian reservoirs (Mula and Kangsabati) is studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model, at a lead time of 3 months. Long-term observed inflow datasets are used for calibration and validation of SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedure (CUP) with Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI)-2 algorithm using insitumeteorological data. Observed inflows and inflow simulations are compared with simulated inflow using SWAT with same calibrated parameters, but with forcing derived from reforecasts from the MM model. The SWAT-CUP calibrated well with reasonable Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) (Mula = 0.75, Kangsabati = 0.79) and Percentage Bias (PBIAS) (Mula = -28%, Kangsabati = 17%) for both reservoirs. The skill scores for streamflow predictions vary from 0.6-0.70 during the monsoon season, indicating reasonable accuracy for these predictions. The SWAT-MM model has a reasonable skill with 0.52-0.53 NSE and 26%-40% PBIAS. Therefore, SWAT-MM-based model has a good potential to forecast monthly and seasonal reservoir inflow for various agro-climatic zones of India. These forecasts when used in real-time, can serve as a guideline for managing the reservoir storage and release, and hence proving to be of great socio-economic importance.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6238
B. L. SUDEEP KUMAR, Ranjan Phukan, Raja Boragapu, C. B. Nalage, A. D. Tathe, K. S. Hosalikar
Understanding the variations of solar power potential over the country is essential for the optimum utilisation of solar energy in power generation, which demands accurate information of solar radiation and its variations. In the present study, we investigate the climatology and trends of global radiation (GR), diffuse radiation (DR), bright sunshine hours (BHS) and technical potential of solar power (Solar Photovoltaic potential; SPV potential) using in-situ data procured from India Meteorological Department for the period 1985-2019. GR is high (low) over the northwest and inland areas of peninsular (extreme north and northeast) India, whereas DR is high (low) over the coastal stations (extreme northern parts of the country). BHS is more (less) over northwest (north, northeast and southern peninsular) India. The country has SPV potential in the range of 1800-3400 Wm-2 with substantial regional variations. High (low) SPV potential is observed in the northwest regions (north, northeast and southern peninsular India). The GR and BHS (DR) have (has) a significant decreasing (increasing) trend in most parts of the country. However, the rate of decreasing (increasing) of GR (DR) has been weakened (strengthened) in the recent decade. The technical potential of solar power has a significant decreasing trend in most of the selected stations which is alarming. It necessitates the wide use of solar panels with better efficiency to meet the energy requirements from solar resources.
了解全国太阳能发电潜力的变化对于在发电过程中优化利用太阳能至关重要，这需要准确的太阳辐射及其变化信息。在本研究中，我们利用从印度气象局获得的 1985-2019 年期间的原位数据，研究了全球辐射（GR）、漫射辐射（DR）、日照时数（BHS）和太阳能发电技术潜力（太阳能光伏发电潜力；SPV 潜力）的气候和趋势。印度西北部和半岛内陆地区（极北和东北部）的 GR 偏高（低），而沿海站点（印度极北地区）的 DR 偏高（低）。印度西北部（半岛北部、东北部和南部）的 BHS 偏多（偏少）。印度的 SPV 潜力在 1800-3400 Wm-2 之间，地区差异很大。西北部地区（印度北部、东北部和南部半岛）的 SPV 潜力较高（低）。印度大部分地区的 GR 和 BHS（DR）呈显著下降（上升）趋势。然而，近十年来，GR（DR）的下降（上升）速度有所减弱（增强）。在大多数选定的发电站，太阳能发电的技术潜力呈显著下降趋势，令人担忧。这就需要广泛使用效率更高的太阳能电池板，以满足太阳能资源的能源需求。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v75i2.827
Harish Bharti, Aditi Panatu, Priyanka Sharma, S. S. Randhawa, Satpal Dhiman, R. S. Rana
Climate change has an impact on the horticulture crops of Himachal Pradesh in relation to the varying climatic conditions in the Himalayan Region. The purpose of the study was to determine how frequently these differences in horticultural crops occur in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh since the horticulture industry in Himachal Pradesh greatly benefits from this district. Long-term temperature (maximum, minimum, and diurnal) and rainfall data from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed for different phenological stages (pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit setting). The findings revealed that the average maximum and diurnal temperatures were found to have increased significantly, at the rate by 0.027 °C and 0.042 °C, respectively, during the flowering stages. However, there were no appreciable changes in the variations for other phenological stages. Under trend analysis of crop yield, the productivity of Pear and Almond notably fell over the past 20 years, at -0.029 t/ha/year and -0.016 t/ha/year, respectively, whereas Walnut productivity climbed at 0.008 t/ha/year. The relationship or impact between the climate and the crop was also examined in addition to the trend analysis for crop and climatic variables. The results showed that among the three phenological stages, Apple and Apricot were highly impacted (54.4%) during pre-flowering stage, followed by Apricot, i.e., 72.6% during flowering, and Grapes (53.2%) during the fruit setting stage. In the current situation, climate fluctuations had a favorable effect on Apples, Walnuts and Grapes while having a negative effect on Apricots, Plums, Pears and Almonds.
{"title":"Impact of climatic variations in horticulture sector, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Harish Bharti, Aditi Panatu, Priyanka Sharma, S. S. Randhawa, Satpal Dhiman, R. S. Rana","doi":"10.54302/mausam.v75i2.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.827","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has an impact on the horticulture crops of Himachal Pradesh in relation to the varying climatic conditions in the Himalayan Region. The purpose of the study was to determine how frequently these differences in horticultural crops occur in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh since the horticulture industry in Himachal Pradesh greatly benefits from this district. Long-term temperature (maximum, minimum, and diurnal) and rainfall data from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed for different phenological stages (pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit setting). The findings revealed that the average maximum and diurnal temperatures were found to have increased significantly, at the rate by 0.027 °C and 0.042 °C, respectively, during the flowering stages. However, there were no appreciable changes in the variations for other phenological stages. Under trend analysis of crop yield, the productivity of Pear and Almond notably fell over the past 20 years, at -0.029 t/ha/year and -0.016 t/ha/year, respectively, whereas Walnut productivity climbed at 0.008 t/ha/year. The relationship or impact between the climate and the crop was also examined in addition to the trend analysis for crop and climatic variables. The results showed that among the three phenological stages, Apple and Apricot were highly impacted (54.4%) during pre-flowering stage, followed by Apricot, i.e., 72.6% during flowering, and Grapes (53.2%) during the fruit setting stage. In the current situation, climate fluctuations had a favorable effect on Apples, Walnuts and Grapes while having a negative effect on Apricots, Plums, Pears and Almonds.","PeriodicalId":18363,"journal":{"name":"MAUSAM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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