Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.253
Seongbeom Kim, M. Yaqub, Jaehyun Lee, Wontae Lee
Controlling non-point source pollutants (NPSPs) is critical in achieving good surface water quality; the contribution of road runoff has recently received increased attention. This study monitored the runoff characteristics of NPSPs, including suspended solids, particle size distribution, heavy metals, organic matter, and nutrients, from asphalt and concrete roads. Water quality parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrients of the receiving reservoir, were also investigated. During the first flush, the changes in pollutant concentrations over time were higher on concrete roads than asphalt roads. Concentrations peaked over a short period, while an increased pollutant concentration may be present several days after rain. The runoff concentration and particle size distribution were higher on concrete roads, whereas the concentrations of heavy metals were similar in asphalt and concrete roads. The organic matter concentration of asphalt roads was higher, or identical, to that in the first flush from concrete roads; this may be associated with the road location. Water quality analysis of the reservoir showed relatively good results for BOD, COD, and nutrient concentrations. Road construction was a factor that determined the characteristics of NPSPs in road runoff.
{"title":"Comparison of pollutants in stormwater runoff from asphalt and concrete roads","authors":"Seongbeom Kim, M. Yaqub, Jaehyun Lee, Wontae Lee","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.253","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling non-point source pollutants (NPSPs) is critical in achieving good surface water quality; the contribution of road runoff has recently received increased attention. This study monitored the runoff characteristics of NPSPs, including suspended solids, particle size distribution, heavy metals, organic matter, and nutrients, from asphalt and concrete roads. Water quality parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrients of the receiving reservoir, were also investigated. During the first flush, the changes in pollutant concentrations over time were higher on concrete roads than asphalt roads. Concentrations peaked over a short period, while an increased pollutant concentration may be present several days after rain. The runoff concentration and particle size distribution were higher on concrete roads, whereas the concentrations of heavy metals were similar in asphalt and concrete roads. The organic matter concentration of asphalt roads was higher, or identical, to that in the first flush from concrete roads; this may be associated with the road location. Water quality analysis of the reservoir showed relatively good results for BOD, COD, and nutrient concentrations. Road construction was a factor that determined the characteristics of NPSPs in road runoff.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.217
Shenjie Shi, Yu Zhang, Q. Tang, Jialin Mo
Pore blocking is considered to dominate the hydraulic conductivity in solute transport processes. Biomass accumulation is effective in reducing the hydraulic conductivity of porous medium. In this paper, the sphere model and the cut-and-random-rejoin-type model were adopted to establish mathematical equations for hydraulic characteristics of porous media caused by biological clogging. A new mathematical correlation was proposed to address the coupling effect of hydraulic, biofilm growth fields on the basis of thorough review on Kozeny-Carman equation relevant researches. The time-dependent solution were investigated with the consideration of a series of different model factors. The study found that there are similar phenomena both in the sphere model and in the cut-and-random-rejoin-type model. When the pores of the porous media are filled with biofilms, the pore volume is continuously reduced, and the porosity of the porous media continues to decrease. Macroscopically, it is manifested as a decrease in permeability. The model image analysis shows that growth of biofilm in a porous medium reduces the total volume and the average size of the pores and directly affects the permeability of pores. But this effect is not permanent, the pores will not be completely blocked, and the permeability will not drop to zero.
{"title":"Modeling of biofilm growth and the related changes in hydraulic properties of porous media","authors":"Shenjie Shi, Yu Zhang, Q. Tang, Jialin Mo","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.217","url":null,"abstract":"Pore blocking is considered to dominate the hydraulic conductivity in solute transport processes. Biomass accumulation is effective in reducing the hydraulic conductivity of porous medium. In this paper, the sphere model and the cut-and-random-rejoin-type model were adopted to establish mathematical equations for hydraulic characteristics of porous media caused by biological clogging. A new mathematical correlation was proposed to address the coupling effect of hydraulic, biofilm growth fields on the basis of thorough review on Kozeny-Carman equation relevant researches. The time-dependent solution were investigated with the consideration of a series of different model factors. The study found that there are similar phenomena both in the sphere model and in the cut-and-random-rejoin-type model. When the pores of the porous media are filled with biofilms, the pore volume is continuously reduced, and the porosity of the porous media continues to decrease. Macroscopically, it is manifested as a decrease in permeability. The model image analysis shows that growth of biofilm in a porous medium reduces the total volume and the average size of the pores and directly affects the permeability of pores. But this effect is not permanent, the pores will not be completely blocked, and the permeability will not drop to zero.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.195
H. Youn, H. Oh, Dooil Kim
Natural disasters such as earthquakes can cause damage to water distribution pipe, resulting in water interruption. For a contingency plan for earthquakes, calculating the possibility of failure and the consequence of failure are necessary. The empirical formula for the vulnerability of water distribution pipe after earthquake was developed considering deterioration effect with aging in this study. The degree of water outage was assumed to be a consequence of failure. The earthquake risk with pipe aging was obtained through the product of them. Although the risk alone might be used to prioritize pipe network improvement, it was recommended to consider the construction cost as well. It was also proposed to use a score-based method by graphically tabulating construction cost and risk. The methodology proposed was demonstrated on a real-scale water distribution pipe in Korea. The improved prioritization using the scoring method will help create a future earthquake preparedness plan for a water distribution system.
{"title":"Prioritizing water distribution pipe renewal based on seismic risk and construction cost","authors":"H. Youn, H. Oh, Dooil Kim","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.195","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters such as earthquakes can cause damage to water distribution pipe, resulting in water interruption. For a contingency plan for earthquakes, calculating the possibility of failure and the consequence of failure are necessary. The empirical formula for the vulnerability of water distribution pipe after earthquake was developed considering deterioration effect with aging in this study. The degree of water outage was assumed to be a consequence of failure. The earthquake risk with pipe aging was obtained through the product of them. Although the risk alone might be used to prioritize pipe network improvement, it was recommended to consider the construction cost as well. It was also proposed to use a score-based method by graphically tabulating construction cost and risk. The methodology proposed was demonstrated on a real-scale water distribution pipe in Korea. The improved prioritization using the scoring method will help create a future earthquake preparedness plan for a water distribution system.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.205
Sabna, S. G. Thampi, S. Chandrakaran, P. SasinaE, P. Resmi
In this work, the performance of a mixed matrix membrane in the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions is reported. This membrane was fabricated by adding a nanocomposite (fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC) synthesized with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and manganese dioxide nanoparticles, to polysulfone. Details pertaining to the preparation and characterization of the membrane, evaluation of its performance in the removal of crystal violet, and antifouling properties of the membrane are reported in this paper. The membranes were fabricated by embedding varying concentrations of fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC (from 0 to 0.3wt%) in the Psf matrix. Incorporation of fMWNTs/GO/ MnO2 NC was found to enhance hydrophilicity, equilibrium water content, porosity, mean pore radius, pure water permeability and antifouling properties of the membrane. Analyses of surface morphology of the fabricated membranes revealed the presence of macro-voids in the matrix of the membrane after addition of fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC, resulting in an increase in pure water flux and permeability. It was observed that 0.1wt% is the optimum concentration of fMWNTs/GO/ MnO2 NC in the Psf matrix since the membrane exhibited maximum hydrophilicity, equilibrium water content, porosity, pure water permeability and dye rejection at this concentration. Also, it was observed that the polysulfone membrane exhibited enhanced antifouling properties at this concentration of the nanocomposite.
{"title":"fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 nanocomposites as additives in a membrane for the removal of crystal violet","authors":"Sabna, S. G. Thampi, S. Chandrakaran, P. SasinaE, P. Resmi","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.205","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the performance of a mixed matrix membrane in the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions is reported. This membrane was fabricated by adding a nanocomposite (fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC) synthesized with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and manganese dioxide nanoparticles, to polysulfone. Details pertaining to the preparation and characterization of the membrane, evaluation of its performance in the removal of crystal violet, and antifouling properties of the membrane are reported in this paper. The membranes were fabricated by embedding varying concentrations of fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC (from 0 to 0.3wt%) in the Psf matrix. Incorporation of fMWNTs/GO/ MnO2 NC was found to enhance hydrophilicity, equilibrium water content, porosity, mean pore radius, pure water permeability and antifouling properties of the membrane. Analyses of surface morphology of the fabricated membranes revealed the presence of macro-voids in the matrix of the membrane after addition of fMWNTs/GO/MnO2 NC, resulting in an increase in pure water flux and permeability. It was observed that 0.1wt% is the optimum concentration of fMWNTs/GO/ MnO2 NC in the Psf matrix since the membrane exhibited maximum hydrophilicity, equilibrium water content, porosity, pure water permeability and dye rejection at this concentration. Also, it was observed that the polysulfone membrane exhibited enhanced antifouling properties at this concentration of the nanocomposite.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.227
J. Azamat
In this research, we study recent advances in the use of graphene, graphene oxide, and boron nitride nanosheets for the water treatment processes. The perfect nanostructured membranes are impermeable to ions or molecules. Therefore, for using them in the selective separation processes, they should be drilled and so, the created pores will be functionalized using appropriate chemical functional groups. Up to now, numerous research articles have been done on the use of functionalized chemical groups on the nanostructured membranes but the results of those works have not been compared with each other. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the structural property and application of functional groups at the edge of membranes pores was performed. To the best of our knowledge, no review study has been reported in the literature on the effect of functionalized groups on the separation of molecules or ions by nanostructured membranes. This review paper aims to draw the attention of the theoretical as well as the experimental researchers working on the functionalized materials towards the recent developments probing the permeation of various species such as atoms, ions, and small molecules through graphene, graphene oxide, and boron nitride nanosheets.
{"title":"Application of graphene, graphene oxide, and boron nitride nanosheets in the water treatment","authors":"J. Azamat","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.227","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we study recent advances in the use of graphene, graphene oxide, and boron nitride nanosheets for the water treatment processes. The perfect nanostructured membranes are impermeable to ions or molecules. Therefore, for using them in the selective separation processes, they should be drilled and so, the created pores will be functionalized using appropriate chemical functional groups. Up to now, numerous research articles have been done on the use of functionalized chemical groups on the nanostructured membranes but the results of those works have not been compared with each other. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the structural property and application of functional groups at the edge of membranes pores was performed. To the best of our knowledge, no review study has been reported in the literature on the effect of functionalized groups on the separation of molecules or ions by nanostructured membranes. This review paper aims to draw the attention of the theoretical as well as the experimental researchers working on the functionalized materials towards the recent developments probing the permeation of various species such as atoms, ions, and small molecules through graphene, graphene oxide, and boron nitride nanosheets.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48801562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.245
Mohammad-Ali Ostovaritalaba, M. Hayati-Ashtiani
Bentonites contain a large amount of montmorillonite and this nano-structured and nano-porous member of the smectite group determines the adsorption properties of bentonites. In this study, four types of Iranian commercial bentonite clays have been examined to determine the adsorption capacity of cesium and strontium. The physicochemical and mineralogical properties of the four types have been experimentally analyzed with the focus on the moisture content, pH, dry (granulometric) and wet screen analyses; swell, sediment and Methylene Blue (M.B.) indices; cation exchange capacity (C.E.C) measurements. The pH and C.E.C values of B3 were 9.48 and 71.9 mEq/100g, respectively. The high values of C.E.C; swell, sediment and M.B. indices along with the high amount of granulometric values (particles finer than 36 um) showed that the B3 had a high amount of montmorillonite. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the major of competing cations such as Ca2+ and K+ existing in B2 affects the Sr adsorption. The experimental analysis also showed that B2 had almost high pH and C.E.C values as well. The results of the separation process of Cs and Sr indicate that the B3 and B2 have the highest adsorption capacity of 59.75 and 45.5 for Cs and Sr adsorption, respectively.
{"title":"Behavior of nanobentonites in adsorption of cesium and strontium","authors":"Mohammad-Ali Ostovaritalaba, M. Hayati-Ashtiani","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.5.245","url":null,"abstract":"Bentonites contain a large amount of montmorillonite and this nano-structured and nano-porous member of the smectite group determines the adsorption properties of bentonites. In this study, four types of Iranian commercial bentonite clays have been examined to determine the adsorption capacity of cesium and strontium. The physicochemical and mineralogical properties of the four types have been experimentally analyzed with the focus on the moisture content, pH, dry (granulometric) and wet screen analyses; swell, sediment and Methylene Blue (M.B.) indices; cation exchange capacity (C.E.C) measurements. The pH and C.E.C values of B3 were 9.48 and 71.9 mEq/100g, respectively. The high values of C.E.C; swell, sediment and M.B. indices along with the high amount of granulometric values (particles finer than 36 um) showed that the B3 had a high amount of montmorillonite. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the major of competing cations such as Ca2+ and K+ existing in B2 affects the Sr adsorption. The experimental analysis also showed that B2 had almost high pH and C.E.C values as well. The results of the separation process of Cs and Sr indicate that the B3 and B2 have the highest adsorption capacity of 59.75 and 45.5 for Cs and Sr adsorption, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49071954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.139
Yong-Gu Lee, Hojung Rho, Sangwon Kim, Jaegwan Shin, Seung-jin Kim, Kangmin Chon
The effects of the order of chemical cleaning protocols on the removal of hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HUF) membrane foulants, and restoration of membrane surface properties, were identified through autopsies of fouled HUF membrane modules from a pilot-scale surface water treatment system (Hongcheon-gun, Kangwon province, Republic of Korea). Quantitative and qualitative differences in the extracted HUF membrane foulants were found to depend on the types of chemical cleaning protocols applied, the consecutive cleaning protocol II (CP II; 0.1 N NaOH -> 0.1 N HCl; the sum of DOC = 215.19 mgC m⁻2; the sum of TN = 17.82 mg N m⁻2; the sum of metals = 25.14 mg m⁻2) extracted both organic and inorganic foulants from HUF membrane surfaces more effectively than consecutive cleaning protocol I (CP I: 0.1 N HCl -> 0.1 N NaOH; the sum of DOC = 189.89 mg C m⁻2; the sum of TN = 13.66 mg N m⁻2; the sum of metals = 9.95 mg m⁻2). Furthermore, the surface morphological characteristics of the cleaned HUF membrane using CP II were relatively similar to the virgin membrane surface compared to those of the cleaned HUF membrane using CP I. These findings demonstrated that the sequential coupling of two different chemical cleaning protocols played critical roles in removing organic and inorganic foulants from the fouled HUF membrane surfaces and restoration of membrane surface elementary composition potentially related to HUF membrane performances.
通过对中试地表水处理系统(韩国江原道洪川郡)中被污染的HUF膜模块进行解剖，确定了化学清洗顺序对去除中空纤维超滤(HUF)膜污染物和恢复膜表面特性的影响。提取的HUF膜污染物的数量和质量差异取决于所采用的化学清洗方案的类型，连续清洗方案II (CP II);0.1 N NaOH -> 0.1 N HCl;DOC总和= 215.19 mgC m毒血症;TN的总和= 17.82 mg N m⁻2;从HUF膜表面提取有机和无机污染物比连续清洗方案I (CP I: 0.1 N HCl -> 0.1 N NaOH)更有效;DOC的总和= 189.89 mg C m毒血症;TN的总和= 13.66 mg N m⁻2;金属总量= 9.95 mg m(2)。此外,使用CP II清洗后的HUF膜的表面形态特征与使用CP i清洗后的HUF膜的表面形态特征相对相似。这些研究结果表明，两种不同化学清洗方案的顺序耦合在去除污染的HUF膜表面的有机和无机污染物以及恢复与HUF膜可能相关的膜表面基本成分方面发挥了关键作用表演。
{"title":"Consecutive chemical cleanings of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes from a pilot-scale surface water treatment plant","authors":"Yong-Gu Lee, Hojung Rho, Sangwon Kim, Jaegwan Shin, Seung-jin Kim, Kangmin Chon","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.139","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the order of chemical cleaning protocols on the removal of hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HUF) membrane foulants, and restoration of membrane surface properties, were identified through autopsies of fouled HUF membrane modules from a pilot-scale surface water treatment system (Hongcheon-gun, Kangwon province, Republic of Korea). Quantitative and qualitative differences in the extracted HUF membrane foulants were found to depend on the types of chemical cleaning protocols applied, the consecutive cleaning protocol II (CP II; 0.1 N NaOH -> 0.1 N HCl; the sum of DOC = 215.19 mgC m⁻2; the sum of TN = 17.82 mg N m⁻2; the sum of metals = 25.14 mg m⁻2) extracted both organic and inorganic foulants from HUF membrane surfaces more effectively than consecutive cleaning protocol I (CP I: 0.1 N HCl -> 0.1 N NaOH; the sum of DOC = 189.89 mg C m⁻2; the sum of TN = 13.66 mg N m⁻2; the sum of metals = 9.95 mg m⁻2). Furthermore, the surface morphological characteristics of the cleaned HUF membrane using CP II were relatively similar to the virgin membrane surface compared to those of the cleaned HUF membrane using CP I. These findings demonstrated that the sequential coupling of two different chemical cleaning protocols played critical roles in removing organic and inorganic foulants from the fouled HUF membrane surfaces and restoration of membrane surface elementary composition potentially related to HUF membrane performances.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.187
Ji-Won Park, J. Noh, S. Yoon, Samiya, B. Choi, Gyoo-Bum Kim, H. Oh, S. Maeng
Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistently found during drinking water treatment processes, which can also be found in tap water. However, the mechanisms for removing PFCs during drinking water treatment processes have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of coagulation on the removal of short- and long-chain PFCs. The PFCs mixture (C5–C10) resulted in a lower removal efficacy via coagulation treatment, and the average removals of selected PFCs were found to be below 5%. Only long-chain perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (C10) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were significantly removed via coagulation. The removals of suspended particles and bacterial cells via coagulation were correlated with the reduction of PFDA and PFOS. However, higher turbidity, humic substances, and biopolymers in the source water were found to significantly reduce the removal efficiency of PFDA and PFOS, resulting in insignificant changes between the PFC species. We concluded that coagulation was not effective in removing selected PFCs, hence, a multiple-barrier treatment strategy is needed for PFC removal.
{"title":"Removal of short- and long-chain perfluorinated compounds from surface water by coagulation","authors":"Ji-Won Park, J. Noh, S. Yoon, Samiya, B. Choi, Gyoo-Bum Kim, H. Oh, S. Maeng","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.187","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistently found during drinking water treatment processes, which can also be found in tap water. However, the mechanisms for removing PFCs during drinking water treatment processes have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of coagulation on the removal of short- and long-chain PFCs. The PFCs mixture (C5–C10) resulted in a lower removal efficacy via coagulation treatment, and the average removals of selected PFCs were found to be below 5%. Only long-chain perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (C10) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were significantly removed via coagulation. The removals of suspended particles and bacterial cells via coagulation were correlated with the reduction of PFDA and PFOS. However, higher turbidity, humic substances, and biopolymers in the source water were found to significantly reduce the removal efficiency of PFDA and PFOS, resulting in insignificant changes between the PFC species. We concluded that coagulation was not effective in removing selected PFCs, hence, a multiple-barrier treatment strategy is needed for PFC removal.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44271131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.149
K. Min, J. Kim, Sun Wouk Kim, Seunghyung Lee, Hyun-Gon Shin, K. Park
Electrodialysis (ED) is an advanced separation process used to treat industrial wastewater using potential differences. In this study, flow rates within the stack were increased by creating a flow channel to increase the limiting current density (LCD). Increasing the flow rate within the stack increases the diffusion flux, which leads to an increase in LCDs. Experiments show that the applied voltage of the flow-accelerated stack was improved by 12.2% compared to the stack without a flow channel, but the LCD decreased by 3.6%. The removal efficiency of both copper and nickel between the two stacks was greater than 95.6%, with no significant difference. However, the concentration rate of ions was superior in the stack without a flow channel. This may be attributed to the fact that the applied voltage increases when the channel is attached, resulting in differences in the separation rate and the resulting concentration polarization. In terms of the current efficiency, the channel-less stack was found to be 42.5% better than the channeled stack. It would be desirable to apply voltages below the LCDs as those exceeding LCDs at the same membrane flow rate would significantly reduce the economic feasibility.
{"title":"Copper and nickel removal from plating wastewater in the electrodialysis process using a channeled stack","authors":"K. Min, J. Kim, Sun Wouk Kim, Seunghyung Lee, Hyun-Gon Shin, K. Park","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodialysis (ED) is an advanced separation process used to treat industrial wastewater using potential differences. In this study, flow rates within the stack were increased by creating a flow channel to increase the limiting current density (LCD). Increasing the flow rate within the stack increases the diffusion flux, which leads to an increase in LCDs. Experiments show that the applied voltage of the flow-accelerated stack was improved by 12.2% compared to the stack without a flow channel, but the LCD decreased by 3.6%. The removal efficiency of both copper and nickel between the two stacks was greater than 95.6%, with no significant difference. However, the concentration rate of ions was superior in the stack without a flow channel. This may be attributed to the fact that the applied voltage increases when the channel is attached, resulting in differences in the separation rate and the resulting concentration polarization. In terms of the current efficiency, the channel-less stack was found to be 42.5% better than the channeled stack. It would be desirable to apply voltages below the LCDs as those exceeding LCDs at the same membrane flow rate would significantly reduce the economic feasibility.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41814942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.165
Seung-Lyeol Yang, Taaekguen Yun, S. Kwon, Kyungjin Cho, Seongpil Jeong, Seungkwan Hong, Seockheon Lee
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was evaluated as a draw solute (DS) of forward osmosis–nanofiltration (FO-NF) process for sewage thickening. Water flux (Jw) and reverse draw solute flux (Js) through FO membrane with MSG were compared to those with NaCl as the reference DS. In addition, the influence of MSG to anaerobic digestion of concentrated sewage for methane gas production was investigated. The Js/Jw for MSG was 0.0015mol/L at 1M of initial concentration with a CTA(HTI) membrane, which was 6 % of that for NaCl, while the water flux (Jw) for MSG (ca. 10 L/m2h) was comparable to that for NaCl in FO processes. MSG recovered up to 98% by NF process, which changed with applied membrane and MSG concentration. The collected primary effluent from the full-scale wastewater treatment plant was thickened up to nine times in terms of volumetric concentration factor. The physical membrane flushing by a water could effectively recover the flux. The inhibitory effects of MSG on anaerobic methane production could be negligible and the gas production potential increased.
{"title":"Monosodium glutamate as a draw solute for sewage thickening by forward osmosis–nanofiltration","authors":"Seung-Lyeol Yang, Taaekguen Yun, S. Kwon, Kyungjin Cho, Seongpil Jeong, Seungkwan Hong, Seockheon Lee","doi":"10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/MWT.2021.12.4.165","url":null,"abstract":"Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was evaluated as a draw solute (DS) of forward osmosis–nanofiltration (FO-NF) process for sewage thickening. Water flux (Jw) and reverse draw solute flux (Js) through FO membrane with MSG were compared to those with NaCl as the reference DS. In addition, the influence of MSG to anaerobic digestion of concentrated sewage for methane gas production was investigated. The Js/Jw for MSG was 0.0015mol/L at 1M of initial concentration with a CTA(HTI) membrane, which was 6 % of that for NaCl, while the water flux (Jw) for MSG (ca. 10 L/m2h) was comparable to that for NaCl in FO processes. MSG recovered up to 98% by NF process, which changed with applied membrane and MSG concentration. The collected primary effluent from the full-scale wastewater treatment plant was thickened up to nine times in terms of volumetric concentration factor. The physical membrane flushing by a water could effectively recover the flux. The inhibitory effects of MSG on anaerobic methane production could be negligible and the gas production potential increased.","PeriodicalId":18416,"journal":{"name":"Membrane Water Treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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