Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367705
P. Constantinou, P. Mellor, P. Wilcox
This paper develops an equivalent circuit of an electromagnetic velocity damped resonant generator that can be used to optimise the power available from such a system. The main focus is on the development of an analytical model of the electromagnetic coupling coefficient that links the mechanical and electrical components of the system. It is shown to be dependant on the position of the coil and is validated against experimental tests. Models for the remaining components, taken from literature, are also described
{"title":"Model of an Electromagnetic Vibration Generator","authors":"P. Constantinou, P. Mellor, P. Wilcox","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367705","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops an equivalent circuit of an electromagnetic velocity damped resonant generator that can be used to optimise the power available from such a system. The main focus is on the development of an analytical model of the electromagnetic coupling coefficient that links the mechanical and electrical components of the system. It is shown to be dependant on the position of the coil and is validated against experimental tests. Models for the remaining components, taken from literature, are also described","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114710440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367639
J. Cobben, C. Rong, W. Kling, J. Myrzik
Measurements during the last eight years show an increasing level of PIt, an indicator used for the flicker level. Furthermore, almost 50% of all technical customer complaints are flicker problems. The short-circuit power on the connection point is a very important parameter for controlling the fast voltage variations that lead to flicker. However, a high short circuit level can not be established unless investments in the low voltage grid are made. Analyzing the database of customers complaints shows that in only 25% of all cases the short-circuit power is less than the minimum value given in the national grid code, as indication. So other solutions, without investment in the network, are needed
{"title":"The Cheapest Way to Solve the Flicker Problem","authors":"J. Cobben, C. Rong, W. Kling, J. Myrzik","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367639","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements during the last eight years show an increasing level of PIt, an indicator used for the flicker level. Furthermore, almost 50% of all technical customer complaints are flicker problems. The short-circuit power on the connection point is a very important parameter for controlling the fast voltage variations that lead to flicker. However, a high short circuit level can not be established unless investments in the low voltage grid are made. Analyzing the database of customers complaints shows that in only 25% of all cases the short-circuit power is less than the minimum value given in the national grid code, as indication. So other solutions, without investment in the network, are needed","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367626
M. Abderrazzaq
The voltage dip is one of power quality problems, which has started to affect distribution networks from the beginning of the last decade. Although the dip is attributed to a wide range of causes, short circuits are the most common sources of this problem. The present paper shows a case study investigating the dip in a low voltage (LV) distribution network. The change of fault position in adjacent LV feeders causes a systematic variation of voltage dip level measured at different busbars. A concept of relative dip is introduced. The impact of load type, including its contribution to short circuit current and voltage dip, is discussed. The simulation results show a possibility of classifying the dip impact on equipment according to the location of fault. The paper addresses the need to correlate the characteristics of dip and protection systems in order to improve the voltage profile and prevent serious dips
{"title":"Assessment of Voltage Dip Staging for Low Voltage Systems","authors":"M. Abderrazzaq","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367626","url":null,"abstract":"The voltage dip is one of power quality problems, which has started to affect distribution networks from the beginning of the last decade. Although the dip is attributed to a wide range of causes, short circuits are the most common sources of this problem. The present paper shows a case study investigating the dip in a low voltage (LV) distribution network. The change of fault position in adjacent LV feeders causes a systematic variation of voltage dip level measured at different busbars. A concept of relative dip is introduced. The impact of load type, including its contribution to short circuit current and voltage dip, is discussed. The simulation results show a possibility of classifying the dip impact on equipment according to the location of fault. The paper addresses the need to correlate the characteristics of dip and protection systems in order to improve the voltage profile and prevent serious dips","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367721
I. Ashraf, M. Danish, E. Fernandez
Using the past diffusion trend of renewable energy technology for power generation in India, results of an attempt to project the future dissemination levels have been presented in this work. The likely contribution of solar photovoltaic (SPV) considered in this study to the projected energy demand for power generation in India has been estimated.
{"title":"Solar Photo Voltaic for Power Generation in India: Projected Level of Dissemination Using Technology Diffusion Models","authors":"I. Ashraf, M. Danish, E. Fernandez","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367721","url":null,"abstract":"Using the past diffusion trend of renewable energy technology for power generation in India, results of an attempt to project the future dissemination levels have been presented in this work. The likely contribution of solar photovoltaic (SPV) considered in this study to the projected energy demand for power generation in India has been estimated.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115879920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367636
W. Hosny, R. Holček
Genetic algorithms (GA) are used to optimize the performance of a full-wave AC to DC converter in terms of improving its input supply power factor and minimising its output ripple factor. GA is used for optimization on the ground of their computation versatility and robustness. The converter topology and the optimisation control strategy is described. The GA theory and its application to the control strategy is explained. Four controller parameters are treated as Genes in the GA and are optimised for achievement of best fit of the controller objectives. This process is carried out to yield results for various loads of the converter. Further, these results, in conjunction with least square extrapolation technique, are used to develop an adaptive controller for the converter. Simulation results for the converter operating under this adaptive controller are presented.
{"title":"Performance Optimisation of a Full Wave AC to DC Converter Using Genetic Algorithms","authors":"W. Hosny, R. Holček","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367636","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic algorithms (GA) are used to optimize the performance of a full-wave AC to DC converter in terms of improving its input supply power factor and minimising its output ripple factor. GA is used for optimization on the ground of their computation versatility and robustness. The converter topology and the optimisation control strategy is described. The GA theory and its application to the control strategy is explained. Four controller parameters are treated as Genes in the GA and are optimised for achievement of best fit of the controller objectives. This process is carried out to yield results for various loads of the converter. Further, these results, in conjunction with least square extrapolation technique, are used to develop an adaptive controller for the converter. Simulation results for the converter operating under this adaptive controller are presented.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367759
M. Chindris, B. Tomoiagă, P. Taylor, L. Cipcigan
The reconstruction or revitalization of electrical substations provides the possibility to introduce very powerful new switchgears, and as a result, to simplify the substation circuit diagram. Taking into account these tendencies, the authors propose a systematical method for establishing the optimal structure of electrical substations for increasing the operational level of reliability at the lowest economic cost. The graph theory is used to solve this particular problem. A (multi)graph will be associated to the network under study, where the bus system are taken for nodes, while the power lines and the (auto)transformers are considered as branches. By developing this model, the task of finding the critical equipment is reduced to the determination of (multi)graph critical nodes (articulation points) and critical branches (isthmuses). The paper presents an original method that, using the determination of critical equipment (systems of buses, transformers, power lines), indicates the most appropriate (minimal) structure for electrical substation circuit diagrams
{"title":"The Identification of Critical Equipment and Optimum Configurations for Electrical Substations","authors":"M. Chindris, B. Tomoiagă, P. Taylor, L. Cipcigan","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367759","url":null,"abstract":"The reconstruction or revitalization of electrical substations provides the possibility to introduce very powerful new switchgears, and as a result, to simplify the substation circuit diagram. Taking into account these tendencies, the authors propose a systematical method for establishing the optimal structure of electrical substations for increasing the operational level of reliability at the lowest economic cost. The graph theory is used to solve this particular problem. A (multi)graph will be associated to the network under study, where the bus system are taken for nodes, while the power lines and the (auto)transformers are considered as branches. By developing this model, the task of finding the critical equipment is reduced to the determination of (multi)graph critical nodes (articulation points) and critical branches (isthmuses). The paper presents an original method that, using the determination of critical equipment (systems of buses, transformers, power lines), indicates the most appropriate (minimal) structure for electrical substation circuit diagrams","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123161608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367777
R. Gazey, S. Salman
This paper will report on the experience relating to the development and operation of an innovative stand-alone sustainable energy system known as the PURE project. The PURE project has been developed by the Unst Partnership as part of its remit to address the decline in the Unst economy and population. The PURE energy system has been developed alongside a knowledge transfer partnership (KTP), which is supported by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry and executed by siGEN in collaboration with The Robert Gordon University.
{"title":"Pure Project Energy System Development and Operation","authors":"R. Gazey, S. Salman","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367777","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will report on the experience relating to the development and operation of an innovative stand-alone sustainable energy system known as the PURE project. The PURE project has been developed by the Unst Partnership as part of its remit to address the decline in the Unst economy and population. The PURE energy system has been developed alongside a knowledge transfer partnership (KTP), which is supported by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry and executed by siGEN in collaboration with The Robert Gordon University.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122853611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367548
M. Hojo, Y. Fujimura, T. Ohnishi, T. Funabashi
In recent years, various types of fault current limiter (FCL) have been developed, because installation of the FCL will bring a lot of benefits to power system operation. Some power-electronics-based FCLs have been proposed with growing power ratings of converters. It is one of the distinctive features of such FCLs that they can employ some valuable control options in its standby mode. Authors have developed a new type of FCL, which consists of a series reactor and a series-connected voltage source inverter. The inverter compensates a voltage drop across the series reactor and employs some optional controls in a standby mode. But, in case of a system fault, it will be operated in a virtual inductance mode to reduce the fault current. However, the inverter has to handle a large current in the fault current limitation mode. This paper newly proposes that the inverter should be operated in a square-wave mode for fault current limitation in order to reduce the number of switching transitions. In this paper, the operating characteristics of the FCL are confirmed by some simulation studies
{"title":"An Operating Mode of Voltage Source Inverter for Fault Current Limitation","authors":"M. Hojo, Y. Fujimura, T. Ohnishi, T. Funabashi","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367548","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, various types of fault current limiter (FCL) have been developed, because installation of the FCL will bring a lot of benefits to power system operation. Some power-electronics-based FCLs have been proposed with growing power ratings of converters. It is one of the distinctive features of such FCLs that they can employ some valuable control options in its standby mode. Authors have developed a new type of FCL, which consists of a series reactor and a series-connected voltage source inverter. The inverter compensates a voltage drop across the series reactor and employs some optional controls in a standby mode. But, in case of a system fault, it will be operated in a virtual inductance mode to reduce the fault current. However, the inverter has to handle a large current in the fault current limitation mode. This paper newly proposes that the inverter should be operated in a square-wave mode for fault current limitation in order to reduce the number of switching transitions. In this paper, the operating characteristics of the FCL are confirmed by some simulation studies","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125773849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367542
A. Dastfan, M. Haghshenas
In this paper, design and simulation of a three-phase, 400 Hz power supply based on a matrix converter topology and its new control system are given. A new control method based on the direct modulation technique, which can perfectly work with input voltage unbalance, has been proposed. Theory analysis and simulation results for the proposed power supply are presented in the paper to demonstrate the performance of this control method under input unbalanced voltages. The simulation results show that output voltages unbalanced factor is decreased to 1% and their THDs are less than 2% which is an improvement compare to SVM and conventional direct modulation techniques.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of A Power Supply Based on A Matrix Converter Under Unbalanced Input Voltage","authors":"A. Dastfan, M. Haghshenas","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367542","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, design and simulation of a three-phase, 400 Hz power supply based on a matrix converter topology and its new control system are given. A new control method based on the direct modulation technique, which can perfectly work with input voltage unbalance, has been proposed. Theory analysis and simulation results for the proposed power supply are presented in the paper to demonstrate the performance of this control method under input unbalanced voltages. The simulation results show that output voltages unbalanced factor is decreased to 1% and their THDs are less than 2% which is an improvement compare to SVM and conventional direct modulation techniques.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129945750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367766
Jiang Tan, C. Arnold
Analytical results using a single H-bridge multi level voltage reinjection-voltage source converter (MLVR-VSC) model are presented. They demonstrate the controllability of the fundamental voltage using notches in the reinjection waveforms. A comparison of the gain in controllability and the corresponding increase in harmonic content is presented.
{"title":"Fundamental Voltage Modulation for a High Power Voltage Source Converter","authors":"Jiang Tan, C. Arnold","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367766","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical results using a single H-bridge multi level voltage reinjection-voltage source converter (MLVR-VSC) model are presented. They demonstrate the controllability of the fundamental voltage using notches in the reinjection waveforms. A comparison of the gain in controllability and the corresponding increase in harmonic content is presented.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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