Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367535
D. Geldtmeijer, F. Provoost, J. Myrzik, W. Kling
This paper presents the results obtained by research on the influence of distributed generation (DG) on protection in the distribution network. Generation connected to the grid is subject to protection regulations. Applying the present regulations to distributed generation results in unnecessary disconnection of these distributed generators. This may lead to problems at a high penetration level of distributed generation, e.g. a long-term disturbed voltage level in the grid. Thus revision of the present protection coordination is necessary. To investigate the effect of different protection schemes, a dynamic model of a distribution network is designed. This model is implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory for dynamic studies. The research shows that it is possible for DG to ride-through a fault in an adjacent feeder. It is also provides a protection scheme for DG that distinguishes a fault in an adjacent feeder and a fault in the same feeder as the DG. By applying this scheme unnecessary disconnection of DG will be avoided
{"title":"Transient Short-Circuit Behaviour of Distributed Energy Sources and Their Influence on Protection Coordination","authors":"D. Geldtmeijer, F. Provoost, J. Myrzik, W. Kling","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results obtained by research on the influence of distributed generation (DG) on protection in the distribution network. Generation connected to the grid is subject to protection regulations. Applying the present regulations to distributed generation results in unnecessary disconnection of these distributed generators. This may lead to problems at a high penetration level of distributed generation, e.g. a long-term disturbed voltage level in the grid. Thus revision of the present protection coordination is necessary. To investigate the effect of different protection schemes, a dynamic model of a distribution network is designed. This model is implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory for dynamic studies. The research shows that it is possible for DG to ride-through a fault in an adjacent feeder. It is also provides a protection scheme for DG that distinguishes a fault in an adjacent feeder and a fault in the same feeder as the DG. By applying this scheme unnecessary disconnection of DG will be avoided","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128290372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2006.346679
I. Ziari, A. Kazemi, A. Jalilian
In this paper, a three-phase active power filter is presented to improve the power quality of a system which supplies a three-phase non-linear load. For this purpose, a three-phase voltage source inverter bridge with a dc bus capacitor is used as an active power filter. A new control strategy is proposed which is based on two popular strategies: synchronous d-q reference frame method & synchronous current detection method which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The proposed control strategy is based on both of two mentioned strategies in order to obtain a good accuracy as well as settling the current response to steady state value very quickly. A Hystersis based carrierless PWM current control over the command currents of the active power filter is used to derive the gating signals. Computer simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method
{"title":"Using Active Power Filter Based on New Control Strategy to Compensate Power Quality","authors":"I. Ziari, A. Kazemi, A. Jalilian","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2006.346679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2006.346679","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-phase active power filter is presented to improve the power quality of a system which supplies a three-phase non-linear load. For this purpose, a three-phase voltage source inverter bridge with a dc bus capacitor is used as an active power filter. A new control strategy is proposed which is based on two popular strategies: synchronous d-q reference frame method & synchronous current detection method which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The proposed control strategy is based on both of two mentioned strategies in order to obtain a good accuracy as well as settling the current response to steady state value very quickly. A Hystersis based carrierless PWM current control over the command currents of the active power filter is used to derive the gating signals. Computer simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125113511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367517
T. Sansawatt, I. Ngamroo
This paper deals with a sliding mode control design of a damping controller of a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) for an enhancement of power system dynamic stability. The dynamic compensation observer technique is applied to design the hyperplane in a sliding mode control. The designed sliding mode controller of TCSC requires only output information from a power system as a feedback signal. Simulation study in a single machine infinite bus system reveals that the proposed controller is not only able to damp power oscillations due to system disturbances, but is also very robust against various loading conditions and variations of system parameters
{"title":"Sliding Mode Control Design of TCSC for Robust Power System Stabilization Using Dynamic Compensation Observer Technique","authors":"T. Sansawatt, I. Ngamroo","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367517","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a sliding mode control design of a damping controller of a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) for an enhancement of power system dynamic stability. The dynamic compensation observer technique is applied to design the hyperplane in a sliding mode control. The designed sliding mode controller of TCSC requires only output information from a power system as a feedback signal. Simulation study in a single machine infinite bus system reveals that the proposed controller is not only able to damp power oscillations due to system disturbances, but is also very robust against various loading conditions and variations of system parameters","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"13 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116929778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367648
W. Hosny
In the present paper an investigation has been carried out at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Computing and Technology, University of East London (UEL) in order to predict the optimal mix for traditional and online delivery of the power engineering programme to yield an effective blended delivery. The effectiveness of delivery is established via conformation to three quality indicators which are put forward by the quality assurance agency (QAA) in England. This conformation to quality is perceived from the perspective of the academic staff delivering this programme and the students studying on this programme. The investigation was carried out by surveying the staff and the students and collating their responses. It has been revealed that the ratio of the staff that preferred traditional delivery to online delivery for conformation to quality is 2:1. Students' responses indicated that they mostly prefer traditional delivery method. However, their preference varied according to the level of the programme and to the modules delivered. Results disclosing the optimal mix are included and commented
{"title":"Optimal Mix for Blended Delivery of Power Engineering Programme at the University of East London","authors":"W. Hosny","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367648","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper an investigation has been carried out at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Computing and Technology, University of East London (UEL) in order to predict the optimal mix for traditional and online delivery of the power engineering programme to yield an effective blended delivery. The effectiveness of delivery is established via conformation to three quality indicators which are put forward by the quality assurance agency (QAA) in England. This conformation to quality is perceived from the perspective of the academic staff delivering this programme and the students studying on this programme. The investigation was carried out by surveying the staff and the students and collating their responses. It has been revealed that the ratio of the staff that preferred traditional delivery to online delivery for conformation to quality is 2:1. Students' responses indicated that they mostly prefer traditional delivery method. However, their preference varied according to the level of the programme and to the modules delivered. Results disclosing the optimal mix are included and commented","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127542692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367634
P. Caramia, C. D. Perna, P. Verde, F. Buriola, A. Stocco, R. Turri
The present paper deals with the relevant aspects related to EG and its influence on the quality of supply of the distribution networks, focusing on the impact of EG on harmonic distortion, voltage variations and dips. It is shown that assessment of the network power quality levels can be efficiently performed by means of suitable indices defined for either the entire system or portions of it. The usefulness of the approach is tested on a real case distribution network
{"title":"Power Quality Indices of Distribution Networks with Embedded Generation","authors":"P. Caramia, C. D. Perna, P. Verde, F. Buriola, A. Stocco, R. Turri","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367634","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the relevant aspects related to EG and its influence on the quality of supply of the distribution networks, focusing on the impact of EG on harmonic distortion, voltage variations and dips. It is shown that assessment of the network power quality levels can be efficiently performed by means of suitable indices defined for either the entire system or portions of it. The usefulness of the approach is tested on a real case distribution network","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367546
G. Trigkidis, A. Bousbaine, R. Thorn
The major cause of power semiconductor devices failure is heat. This is no surprise since industry and commercial applications continually require higher power densities and decreased packaging solutions. The pressure is now concentrated on thermal simulation tools that need to take into account detailed device structures and different physical phenomena/parameters that take place inside the semiconductor structure during operation. This paper explains a method to calculate in detail the power loss distribution inside the IGBT device
{"title":"Investigation into the Loss Density Distribution of IGBT Devices","authors":"G. Trigkidis, A. Bousbaine, R. Thorn","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367546","url":null,"abstract":"The major cause of power semiconductor devices failure is heat. This is no surprise since industry and commercial applications continually require higher power densities and decreased packaging solutions. The pressure is now concentrated on thermal simulation tools that need to take into account detailed device structures and different physical phenomena/parameters that take place inside the semiconductor structure during operation. This paper explains a method to calculate in detail the power loss distribution inside the IGBT device","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125399530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367527
K.A. Sattar
This paper presents a mathematical formulation of a centralised controller for damping the unwanted oscillations in power systems. The proposed approach assumes a linearised model of the power system around an operating point and makes intensive use of the eigenstructure of the state matrix. The proposed algorithm accurately computes the unstable and poorly damped modes and determines the system components most involved in these critical modes, and damps all undamped modes simultaneously in an acceptable time. Simulation results in a two-area power system indicate that all unwanted oscillations due to a 1% step load change are damped when the controller is used. Validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller are demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with results of previously reported approaches
{"title":"An Improved Automatic Load Frequency Controller for Damping Low Frequency Power Oscillations","authors":"K.A. Sattar","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367527","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mathematical formulation of a centralised controller for damping the unwanted oscillations in power systems. The proposed approach assumes a linearised model of the power system around an operating point and makes intensive use of the eigenstructure of the state matrix. The proposed algorithm accurately computes the unstable and poorly damped modes and determines the system components most involved in these critical modes, and damps all undamped modes simultaneously in an acceptable time. Simulation results in a two-area power system indicate that all unwanted oscillations due to a 1% step load change are damped when the controller is used. Validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller are demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with results of previously reported approaches","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122288000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367720
P. D. Hopewell, F. Castro-Sayas, D. Bailey, Sinclair Knight Merz
Wind turbines have reached a stage of maturity such that their use in offshore applications is becoming common. A principal objective of the offshore wind farm developer is to implement the wind farm to give the lowest cost of energy over the lifetime of the project, thus ensuring the greatest return on investment. Economic performance of the turbines is paramount, but the performance of the electrical infrastructure can comprise a significant portion of total project costs, typically 10-20%. This paper reviews the principles of offshore wind farm collection system economics and outlines methods to optimise the turbine layout, location of offshore substations and the sizing and design of the wind farm collection network. It considers the economic impact of cable size selection and the potential benefits for using multiple offshore substations, with a view to minimising lifetime ownership costs of the scheme without compromising or operational technical requirements
{"title":"Optimising the Design of Offshore Wind Farm Collection Networks","authors":"P. D. Hopewell, F. Castro-Sayas, D. Bailey, Sinclair Knight Merz","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367720","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbines have reached a stage of maturity such that their use in offshore applications is becoming common. A principal objective of the offshore wind farm developer is to implement the wind farm to give the lowest cost of energy over the lifetime of the project, thus ensuring the greatest return on investment. Economic performance of the turbines is paramount, but the performance of the electrical infrastructure can comprise a significant portion of total project costs, typically 10-20%. This paper reviews the principles of offshore wind farm collection system economics and outlines methods to optimise the turbine layout, location of offshore substations and the sizing and design of the wind farm collection network. It considers the economic impact of cable size selection and the potential benefits for using multiple offshore substations, with a view to minimising lifetime ownership costs of the scheme without compromising or operational technical requirements","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367711
D. Borrie, G. Reid, C. S. Ozveren
There exists guarded agreement that climate change is happening and that one cause may be the generation of greenhouse gasses released by the burning fossil fuels. Fossil-fuel fired electricity generation contributes to these emissions, and most western governments now recognise that their reduction offers the best hope of meeting international emission targets. Inevitably this will lead to closure of generating plant leaving a capacity shortfall unless alternative energy sources are developed. Renewables are commonly proposed as a partial solution, being both environmentally neutral and free from the safety concerns relating associated with nuclear energy. Electrical and thermal generation using biomass represents a positive environmental choice that can in most cases be considered effectively carbon neutral. This technology is mature, and does not suffer from problems of intermittency that characterise other renewables. However, considerable challenges remain for its successful development in the United Kingdom (UK). These exist in three principal domains; fuel supply, markets and market incentivisation, and regulation. These issues have already been overcome in the Nordic states, and it is not unreasonable that biomass could at least partially address the projected capacity gap in the UK. This paper considers the development of renewables to date, and in particular biomass in the context of its interaction with the developing electricity trading markets, incentivisation mechanisms and associated physical electrical system.
{"title":"The Development of Renewables within the United Kingdom: Biomass Unrealised Potential","authors":"D. Borrie, G. Reid, C. S. Ozveren","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367711","url":null,"abstract":"There exists guarded agreement that climate change is happening and that one cause may be the generation of greenhouse gasses released by the burning fossil fuels. Fossil-fuel fired electricity generation contributes to these emissions, and most western governments now recognise that their reduction offers the best hope of meeting international emission targets. Inevitably this will lead to closure of generating plant leaving a capacity shortfall unless alternative energy sources are developed. Renewables are commonly proposed as a partial solution, being both environmentally neutral and free from the safety concerns relating associated with nuclear energy. Electrical and thermal generation using biomass represents a positive environmental choice that can in most cases be considered effectively carbon neutral. This technology is mature, and does not suffer from problems of intermittency that characterise other renewables. However, considerable challenges remain for its successful development in the United Kingdom (UK). These exist in three principal domains; fuel supply, markets and market incentivisation, and regulation. These issues have already been overcome in the Nordic states, and it is not unreasonable that biomass could at least partially address the projected capacity gap in the UK. This paper considers the development of renewables to date, and in particular biomass in the context of its interaction with the developing electricity trading markets, incentivisation mechanisms and associated physical electrical system.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367727
S. Brownlees, B. Fox, D. Flynn, T. Littler
The impact of power fluctuations arising from fixed-speed wind turbines on the magnitude and frequency of inter-area oscillations was investigated. The authors used data acquisition equipment to record the power flow on the interconnector between the Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland systems. By monitoring the interconnector oscillation using a fast Fourier transform, it was possible to determine the magnitude and frequency of the inter-area oscillation between the Northern Ireland electricity system and that of the electricity supply board. Analysis was preformed to determine the relationship (if any) between the inter-area oscillation and the observed wind power generation at the corresponding time. Subsequently, regression analysis was introduced to model this relationship between the FFT output and the wind power generation. The effect of conventional generators on the magnitude and frequency of the inter-area oscillation was also considered.
{"title":"Wind Farm Induced Oscillations","authors":"S. Brownlees, B. Fox, D. Flynn, T. Littler","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367727","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of power fluctuations arising from fixed-speed wind turbines on the magnitude and frequency of inter-area oscillations was investigated. The authors used data acquisition equipment to record the power flow on the interconnector between the Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland systems. By monitoring the interconnector oscillation using a fast Fourier transform, it was possible to determine the magnitude and frequency of the inter-area oscillation between the Northern Ireland electricity system and that of the electricity supply board. Analysis was preformed to determine the relationship (if any) between the inter-area oscillation and the observed wind power generation at the corresponding time. Subsequently, regression analysis was introduced to model this relationship between the FFT output and the wind power generation. The effect of conventional generators on the magnitude and frequency of the inter-area oscillation was also considered.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122649908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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