Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367747
S. Haig, R. Tumilty, G. Burt, J. Mcdonald
This paper comes at a time when distribution network planning for distributed generation is becoming of high importance. It proposes an analysis process chosen for examining of the impact of distributed generation on the main types of distribution networks. The main objectives are to determine the impact of distributed generation on fault level, thermal constraints, statutory voltage limits, tap changer operation occurrences and losses of different networks based on the penetration level of distributed generation. The United Kingdom Generic Distribution System format has been employed for modelling the networks. Distributed generation technologies, expected to be in use by the year 2020, have been considered including combined heat and power, wind turbines and photovoltaics. Results are discussed and methods to mitigate some of these problems discussed.
{"title":"Analysing the Technology Needs of Future Distribution Networks","authors":"S. Haig, R. Tumilty, G. Burt, J. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367747","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comes at a time when distribution network planning for distributed generation is becoming of high importance. It proposes an analysis process chosen for examining of the impact of distributed generation on the main types of distribution networks. The main objectives are to determine the impact of distributed generation on fault level, thermal constraints, statutory voltage limits, tap changer operation occurrences and losses of different networks based on the penetration level of distributed generation. The United Kingdom Generic Distribution System format has been employed for modelling the networks. Distributed generation technologies, expected to be in use by the year 2020, have been considered including combined heat and power, wind turbines and photovoltaics. Results are discussed and methods to mitigate some of these problems discussed.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130621842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367512
H. Tajima, J. Sugimoto, T. Funabashi, R. Yokoyama
This paper presents an improved both profit and cost based maintenance scheduling approach by using reactive tabu search (RTS) in competitive environment. In competitive power markets, electricity prices are determined by balance between demand and supply in electric power exchanges or bilateral contracts. So it is essential for system operation planners and market participants to take the volatility of electricity price into consideration. In the proposed maintenance scheduling method, the optimal combinatorial maintenance-scheduling problem is solved by using reactive tabu search in the light of the electricity prices trend. This method proposes a new objective function by which the most profitable maintenance schedule would be attained. As an objective function, opportunity loss of maintenance (OLM) is adopted to maximize the profit of generation companies (GENCOS). Finally, the proposed maintenance scheduling is applied to a practical power system test model to verify the advantages and effectiveness of the method
{"title":"Auction Price-Based Thermal Unit Maintenance Scheduling by Reactive TABU Search","authors":"H. Tajima, J. Sugimoto, T. Funabashi, R. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367512","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved both profit and cost based maintenance scheduling approach by using reactive tabu search (RTS) in competitive environment. In competitive power markets, electricity prices are determined by balance between demand and supply in electric power exchanges or bilateral contracts. So it is essential for system operation planners and market participants to take the volatility of electricity price into consideration. In the proposed maintenance scheduling method, the optimal combinatorial maintenance-scheduling problem is solved by using reactive tabu search in the light of the electricity prices trend. This method proposes a new objective function by which the most profitable maintenance schedule would be attained. As an objective function, opportunity loss of maintenance (OLM) is adopted to maximize the profit of generation companies (GENCOS). Finally, the proposed maintenance scheduling is applied to a practical power system test model to verify the advantages and effectiveness of the method","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128790582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367757
T. Sum-Im, G. Taylor, M. Irving, Y. Song
In this paper, a novel differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is applied directly to the DC power flow based model to solve the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem. This paper presents a major development of artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms through application of a DEA to the TEP problem. The effectiveness of the proposed development is initially demonstrated via analysis of the Garver's six-bus test system and the IEEE 25-bus test system within the mathematical programming environment of MATLAB. Analyses are performed using both a DEA and a conventional genetic algorithm (CGA) and a detailed comparative study is presented
{"title":"A Comparative Study of State-of-the-Art Transmission Expansion Planning Tools","authors":"T. Sum-Im, G. Taylor, M. Irving, Y. Song","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367757","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is applied directly to the DC power flow based model to solve the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem. This paper presents a major development of artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms through application of a DEA to the TEP problem. The effectiveness of the proposed development is initially demonstrated via analysis of the Garver's six-bus test system and the IEEE 25-bus test system within the mathematical programming environment of MATLAB. Analyses are performed using both a DEA and a conventional genetic algorithm (CGA) and a detailed comparative study is presented","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367706
S. Boljevic, N. Barry, J. Loughane
Custom-designed combine heat and power (CHP) plants, serving an industrial site, form the backbone of on-site generation capacity. By adopting CHP, a host company, in this case ConocoPhillips, Whitegate Refinery, replaced an existing on-site steam raising plant and substituted to a large extent the commercial electricity supply with on- site generation using "in-house gas", which would otherwise be flared off.. Other benefits of the CHP project include reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increased refinery reliability due to non-dependence on the national grid power supply. Significant financial benefits have been achieved since the CHP was installed. The paper discusses the findings and results in order to give a full insight on CHP impact on electrical and thermal energy supply and also the impact on emission of greenhouse gases, particularly emission of CO2, gas from the refinery using "in-house" gas.
{"title":"The Impact of a Combined Heat & Power Plant Using Normally Flared-Off Gases in a Petrochemical Plant","authors":"S. Boljevic, N. Barry, J. Loughane","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367706","url":null,"abstract":"Custom-designed combine heat and power (CHP) plants, serving an industrial site, form the backbone of on-site generation capacity. By adopting CHP, a host company, in this case ConocoPhillips, Whitegate Refinery, replaced an existing on-site steam raising plant and substituted to a large extent the commercial electricity supply with on- site generation using \"in-house gas\", which would otherwise be flared off.. Other benefits of the CHP project include reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increased refinery reliability due to non-dependence on the national grid power supply. Significant financial benefits have been achieved since the CHP was installed. The paper discusses the findings and results in order to give a full insight on CHP impact on electrical and thermal energy supply and also the impact on emission of greenhouse gases, particularly emission of CO2, gas from the refinery using \"in-house\" gas.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122187723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367716
M. Parker, C. Ng, L. Ran, P. Tavner, E. Spooner
The paper presents an analysis and simulation study of the power extraction capability of a direct drive wind turbine realised using a modular permanent magnet generator connected to the 11 kV grid via a cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter (CMVSI) without an interface transformer. The DC link in each of the CMVSI modules is supplied by a pair of generator coils connected through uncontrolled bridge rectifiers. The DC link voltage is determined by the required real and reactive power output to the grid, which constrains the available speed range of the turbine, limiting the power extraction at low wind speeds
{"title":"Power Control of Direct Drive Wind Turbine with Simplified Conversion Stage & Transformerless Grid Interface","authors":"M. Parker, C. Ng, L. Ran, P. Tavner, E. Spooner","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367716","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis and simulation study of the power extraction capability of a direct drive wind turbine realised using a modular permanent magnet generator connected to the 11 kV grid via a cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter (CMVSI) without an interface transformer. The DC link in each of the CMVSI modules is supplied by a pair of generator coils connected through uncontrolled bridge rectifiers. The DC link voltage is determined by the required real and reactive power output to the grid, which constrains the available speed range of the turbine, limiting the power extraction at low wind speeds","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"20 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114086279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367709
T. Hammons
This paper examines power market restructuring in Asia, principally in Russia, China, India and Japan. It considers economic convergence points of Russian, Russian Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Asian power markets; Russia's power industry restructuring-current state and problems; and power industry restructuring in China: regional electricity markets, investment, planning, and challenges. Also considered is development of the power market in India; and restructuring of the electric power industry and current state of the power market in Japan: progress, outline of revisions, and an assessment of institutional reforms
{"title":"Power Market Restructuring in Asia: Russia, China, India and Japan","authors":"T. Hammons","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367709","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines power market restructuring in Asia, principally in Russia, China, India and Japan. It considers economic convergence points of Russian, Russian Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Asian power markets; Russia's power industry restructuring-current state and problems; and power industry restructuring in China: regional electricity markets, investment, planning, and challenges. Also considered is development of the power market in India; and restructuring of the electric power industry and current state of the power market in Japan: progress, outline of revisions, and an assessment of institutional reforms","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116128873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367758
A. Dimopoulos, H. Griffiths, A. Haddad, A. Ainsley, F. Ainslie, D. Frame
Recommendations and procedures for the design and safety of earthing systems from three national and international standards for earthing systems, namely IEEE 80, BS 7354 and EA-TS 41-24 have been considered in this investigation. In this paper, we present the results of a comparative parametric evaluation of the different recommendations taking into account the grid size, mesh density, earth resistivity and body resistance. Safety limit-curves were obtained, which classified the various designs according to the different standards. Through investigation of the so-generated safety limit-curves, it is possible not only to clarify for what grid characteristics safe conditions are obtained for the installation but also to develop an optimum design procedure that accounts for all conditions considered within the standards
{"title":"Parametric Analysis of Safety Limit-Curves in Earthing Systems and Comparison of International Standard Recommendations","authors":"A. Dimopoulos, H. Griffiths, A. Haddad, A. Ainsley, F. Ainslie, D. Frame","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367758","url":null,"abstract":"Recommendations and procedures for the design and safety of earthing systems from three national and international standards for earthing systems, namely IEEE 80, BS 7354 and EA-TS 41-24 have been considered in this investigation. In this paper, we present the results of a comparative parametric evaluation of the different recommendations taking into account the grid size, mesh density, earth resistivity and body resistance. Safety limit-curves were obtained, which classified the various designs according to the different standards. Through investigation of the so-generated safety limit-curves, it is possible not only to clarify for what grid characteristics safe conditions are obtained for the installation but also to develop an optimum design procedure that accounts for all conditions considered within the standards","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115644766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367511
F. Xue, Z. Chen, H.F. Wang
The trend towards decentralised operation in power systems is getting stronger, pushed by the factors such as market forces and increasing requirement for the use of renewable energy. In this paper, a new criterion for online predicting of transient voltage collapse in power systems is described. This criterion uses the changing ratio of difference between the reactive power generators and reactive power absorbers to predict voltage collapse. The performance of this criterion is studied and tested for a variety of operating conditions in a modified 4-machine power system that connects with infinite bus. The simulation results indicate that the proposed criterion can predict its proximity to voltage collapse by only using the information that can be gained online. This criterion is computationally efficient and suitable for real time prediction of voltage collapse
{"title":"A Novel Criterion for Online Prediction of Voltage Collapse","authors":"F. Xue, Z. Chen, H.F. Wang","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367511","url":null,"abstract":"The trend towards decentralised operation in power systems is getting stronger, pushed by the factors such as market forces and increasing requirement for the use of renewable energy. In this paper, a new criterion for online predicting of transient voltage collapse in power systems is described. This criterion uses the changing ratio of difference between the reactive power generators and reactive power absorbers to predict voltage collapse. The performance of this criterion is studied and tested for a variety of operating conditions in a modified 4-machine power system that connects with infinite bus. The simulation results indicate that the proposed criterion can predict its proximity to voltage collapse by only using the information that can be gained online. This criterion is computationally efficient and suitable for real time prediction of voltage collapse","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121022851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367724
C. Ng, M. Parker, L. Ran, J.R. Bumbay, E. Spooner
In horizontal axis wind turbines, the generator and converter are always designed to be placed in the nacelle on the top, and step-up transformers are located at the bottom of the tower or in a substation on the ground. Power is transmitted from nacelle to the transformer in low voltage and high current via parallel cables. In such an arrangement, high I2R loss would be expected. In addition to that, high current cable is always expensive and difficult to be installed in a turbine due to its bulkiness. To increase the efficiency and reduce the cost, an alternative high voltage configuration is suggested with the use of multilevel inverter topologies which is located in the nacelle. Featuring simplicity, reliability and flexibility, the multilevel cascaded voltage source inverter (MCVSI) topology is being considered to be the most attractive option. MCVSI combines the output voltages of cascaded inverter modules and forms a synthesized multilevel output. It is generally assumed that smoother output voltage can be obtained by increasing the number of cascade inverters. However, this study shows that, when the number of cascading goes above certain threshold, the 2nd order harmonic distortion at the DC-link will start to dominate the harmonic distortion on the AC side and raises the distortion level. This paper provides detailed analyses and discussions on this issue, to show that there is a trade off point in increasing the cascading level. The DC-link capacitance is determined
{"title":"Analysis of The DC-Link Capacitance Requirement in High Level MCVSI","authors":"C. Ng, M. Parker, L. Ran, J.R. Bumbay, E. Spooner","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367724","url":null,"abstract":"In horizontal axis wind turbines, the generator and converter are always designed to be placed in the nacelle on the top, and step-up transformers are located at the bottom of the tower or in a substation on the ground. Power is transmitted from nacelle to the transformer in low voltage and high current via parallel cables. In such an arrangement, high I2R loss would be expected. In addition to that, high current cable is always expensive and difficult to be installed in a turbine due to its bulkiness. To increase the efficiency and reduce the cost, an alternative high voltage configuration is suggested with the use of multilevel inverter topologies which is located in the nacelle. Featuring simplicity, reliability and flexibility, the multilevel cascaded voltage source inverter (MCVSI) topology is being considered to be the most attractive option. MCVSI combines the output voltages of cascaded inverter modules and forms a synthesized multilevel output. It is generally assumed that smoother output voltage can be obtained by increasing the number of cascade inverters. However, this study shows that, when the number of cascading goes above certain threshold, the 2nd order harmonic distortion at the DC-link will start to dominate the harmonic distortion on the AC side and raises the distortion level. This paper provides detailed analyses and discussions on this issue, to show that there is a trade off point in increasing the cascading level. The DC-link capacitance is determined","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122704418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367775
Fang Hualiang, Mao Chengxiong, Zhang Bu-han, L. Jiming
A new solution called seamless computing model based on grid platform is presented in this paper, to satisfy the requirements of OPF computation. This proposed computing model is applied to optimal power flow (OPF). Based on boundary current-ejecting method, the electric network is partitioned, and nonlinear flow equations are converted into linear equations. Then two different OPF tasks are designed and run on the grid platform. By dispatching properly, the computing gap may be deceased, and computing efficiency enhances. To value the performance of this computing model, the total speedup (TO) and total efficiency (TE) are put forward. Different experiments are done on different size "Lab-Grid." The result has shown that seamless computing model may acquire higher TS and TE.
{"title":"The Grid Computing Model for OPF","authors":"Fang Hualiang, Mao Chengxiong, Zhang Bu-han, L. Jiming","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2006.367775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2006.367775","url":null,"abstract":"A new solution called seamless computing model based on grid platform is presented in this paper, to satisfy the requirements of OPF computation. This proposed computing model is applied to optimal power flow (OPF). Based on boundary current-ejecting method, the electric network is partitioned, and nonlinear flow equations are converted into linear equations. Then two different OPF tasks are designed and run on the grid platform. By dispatching properly, the computing gap may be deceased, and computing efficiency enhances. To value the performance of this computing model, the total speedup (TO) and total efficiency (TE) are put forward. Different experiments are done on different size \"Lab-Grid.\" The result has shown that seamless computing model may acquire higher TS and TE.","PeriodicalId":184186,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131516901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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