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FPGA Implementation of a Multi-Level SPWM for Three-Level NPC Inverter 三电平NPC逆变器多电平SPWM的FPGA实现
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367738
L. Jian, Zhang Zhe, Yin Xianggen, Wen Minghao
In this paper, a new circuit implementation of a multi-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter is presented. The SPWM control scheme is realized with only a single FPGA chip LFEC10 from LATTICE, Inc. and the programming language is very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). The filed programmable gate array (FPGA) chip is incorporated in a digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320VC33. It receives the commands with specified amplitude, frequency, primary phase, min pulse width and dead time from DSP, and finishes the asymmetrical regular sampling principle of SPWM function independently. This circuit structure can provide an effective, flexible, and safe solution to high-power inverters. The output gating signals of the proposed circuit are used to control the inverters of the drive system of a 6 kV/1000 kW motor. The simulation and experimental results are given to verify the implemented SPWM control system
本文提出了一种用于三电平中性点箝位(NPC)逆变器的多级正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)的新电路实现。SPWM控制方案仅用LATTICE公司的LFEC10单FPGA芯片实现,编程语言为超高速集成电路硬件描述语言(VHDL)。现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片集成在数字信号处理器(DSP) TMS320VC33中。从DSP接收指定幅度、频率、一次相位、最小脉宽和死区时间的指令,独立完成SPWM函数的非对称规则采样原理。这种电路结构可以为大功率逆变器提供有效、灵活、安全的解决方案。该电路的输出门控信号用于控制6kv / 1000kw电机驱动系统的逆变器。仿真和实验结果验证了所实现的SPWM控制系统
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引用次数: 4
Calorimetry for Power Electronics 电力电子量热法
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367550
S. Weier, R. McMahon, P. Malliband
Calorimetry allows direct, accurate measurements of losses in power electronics systems. A small-scale version of a double chamber, closed type calorimeter for measuring losses up to 20 W is described in this paper. The design comprises an inner chamber with heat exchangers integrated into the top and bottom of the chamber, surrounded by insulation. This is enclosed by a temperature controlled air gap, within a further insulated enclosure. Calibration tests show that losses can be measured to a precision of +/- 0.4 W and ways of improving the accuracy further are discussed
量热法可以直接、准确地测量电力电子系统的损耗。本文介绍了一种小型双腔闭式量热计,可测量高达20瓦的损耗。该设计包括一个内室,热交换器集成在室的顶部和底部,周围有绝缘层。这是封闭的温度控制气隙,在进一步的绝缘外壳。校准试验表明,损耗测量精度可达+/- 0.4 W,并讨论了进一步提高精度的方法
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引用次数: 14
Teaching the PWM AC Voltage Controller Using Matlab Graphical User Interface 用Matlab图形用户界面教学PWM交流电压控制器
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367647
I. Altawil, O.I. Hajier
This paper presents an adequate approach for teaching the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) in AC voltage control regulators. In this paper the graphical user interface (GUI) functions, which constitute one of the important pillars of Matlab software, are developed to an easy-to-use educational software tool. Single-Phase AC voltage controller is mathematically modeled and then simulated using basic Matlab commands. GUI is implemented to construct an active link with these models. So that, instructors can demonstrate the change in SPWM system response due to parameter variation. An example, using the GUI, is provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed software
本文提出了一种适当的方法来教授交流电压控制稳压器中的正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)。本文将图形用户界面(GUI)功能作为Matlab软件的重要支柱之一,开发成一个易于使用的教育软件工具。对单相交流电压控制器进行了数学建模,并用Matlab的基本命令进行了仿真。实现GUI是为了与这些模型构建活动链接。这样,讲师就可以演示SPWM系统响应因参数变化而发生的变化。以GUI为例,说明了所开发软件的实用性
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引用次数: 2
Severe Contingencies Analysis in Portuguese Transmission System 葡萄牙输电系统严重突发事件分析
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367520
S. Almeida, R. Pestana, F. Barbosa
Nowadays when utilities are faced with increasing requirements regarding quality of service, it is important to be aware that severe contingencies can happen, in an unpredictable way which far exceeds all the security principles used for planning and system operation. In any electricity transmission system, a security condition must be assured - either in steady or in transient state - otherwise the essential service provided to costumers could be severely jeopardized. Present day quality of service requirements that are imposed on the electrical utility companies force them to develop efficient processes to analyze and react to incidents that can happen in an unpredictable way and far exceed all the security principles used. The simulation and analysis of these scenarios allow us to minimize the risk of system unbalance and voltage collapse. The steady state simulations of the Portuguese transmission system were made in PSS/E software from Siemens Power Transmission Distribution, Inc., using savecases that represent pictures of the real system. The simulation results presented focus on aspects like energy not supplied, generation lost and topological changes resulting from an incident, which will affect mainly the power flow distribution within the grid elements that will remain in service (connected) and the voltage level in the system bus-bars. These results allow us to be better prepared to face these severe disturbances, defining procedures for emergency situation and training the control room operators.
如今,当公用事业面临越来越多的服务质量要求时,重要的是要意识到严重的突发事件可能会以不可预测的方式发生,这远远超出了用于规划和系统操作的所有安全原则。在任何电力传输系统中,必须保证一个安全条件——要么处于稳定状态,要么处于暂态状态——否则向用户提供的基本服务可能会受到严重损害。目前,对电力公司的服务质量要求迫使他们开发有效的流程来分析和应对可能以不可预测的方式发生的事件,这些事件远远超出了所使用的所有安全原则。这些场景的模拟和分析使我们能够最大限度地减少系统不平衡和电压崩溃的风险。葡萄牙输电系统的稳态模拟是在西门子输配电公司的PSS/E软件中进行的,使用了代表真实系统图片的保存案例。给出的仿真结果侧重于事件导致的能量不供应、发电损失和拓扑变化等方面,这些方面将主要影响将保持服务(连接)的电网单元内的潮流分布和系统母线上的电压水平。这些结果使我们能够更好地准备面对这些严重的干扰,确定紧急情况的程序并培训控制室操作员。
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引用次数: 7
Bus Voltage Control Through 5 and 11 Level Voltage-Sourced Inverter Statcom 通过5级和11级电压源逆变器控制母线电压
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367588
H. Okyere, Hassan NOURI, B. Miedzinski
This paper describes and analyses methods of controlling bus voltage through 5 and 11 level voltage-sourced inverter STATCOM. The performance analysis is based on the level of voltage support, harmonics, and degree of dc-link voltage balancing of the inverter in constraining the bus voltage within acceptable limits, whereas the performance comparison relates cost and efficiency. An attempt is also made to describe the basic concept of VSI-STATCOM from the first principle. Superiority of the 11 level in controlling the bus voltage due to a faster response and greater voltage support is also documented. Furthermore the paper describes the switching methods mathematically and demonstrates the merits and drawbacks of inverters experimentally
本文介绍并分析了通过5级和11级电压源逆变器STATCOM控制母线电压的方法。性能分析基于电压支持水平、谐波和逆变器在将母线电压限制在可接受范围内的直流链路电压平衡程度,而性能比较则涉及成本和效率。并尝试从第一原理出发描述VSI-STATCOM的基本概念。由于更快的响应和更大的电压支持,11级在控制总线电压方面的优势也被记录下来。在此基础上对各种开关方法进行了数学描述,并对逆变器的优缺点进行了实验论证
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引用次数: 2
An Optimal Approach to Solving Technical Constraints in the Spanish Electricity Market 解决西班牙电力市场技术约束的最优方法
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367515
J. Martínez-Crespo, L. Cuadros, J. Usaola
In the Spanish market, the transmission constraints are solved through an auction process by redispatching previously committed energy in the daily market. The Spanish system operator requires specific bids for increasing and also decreasing in an attempt to define a safe schedule. The new commitment is allocated to the best bids sent for the purpose of solving grid constraints. In general, these bids are simple. Hourly energy bids divided in blocks with their own bid prices, which will determine a time-decoupled optimization problem that could be solved on an hourly basis. Nevertheless, the thermal units which have not been previously committed in the daily market may present "complex conditions" that couple the different hours during the day. These complex conditions pose a time-coupled non-linear mixed-integer optimization problem that must be solved using decomposition methods. In this study, Benders decomposition is used to solve the time-coupled optimization problem, whereas a non-linear mixed-integer solver (SBB) is used to work out the time-decoupled problem on an hourly basis. Results of both coupled-time and de coupled-time optimization problems will be discussed. These results illustrate that simplifying the problem by decoupling it on an hourly basis yields suboptimal solutions. The models have been applied to the IEEE 24-bus test system
在西班牙市场,输电约束是通过拍卖过程解决的,通过在日常市场中重新分配先前承诺的能源。西班牙系统运营商要求对增加和减少的具体出价,试图确定一个安全的时间表。新的承诺被分配给为了解决网格约束而发送的最佳投标。一般来说,这些出价都很简单。每小时的能源报价被分成区块,并有自己的出价,这将决定一个时间解耦的优化问题,可以在每小时的基础上解决。然而,以前没有在日常市场中投入的热单位可能会呈现出“复杂的条件”,这些条件与一天中的不同时间相结合。这些复杂的条件构成了一个时间耦合的非线性混合整数优化问题,必须用分解方法来求解。在本研究中,Benders分解用于求解时间耦合优化问题,而非线性混合整数求解器(SBB)用于求解时间解耦问题。将讨论耦合时间和解耦合时间优化问题的结果。这些结果表明,通过按小时解耦来简化问题会产生次优解。该模型已应用于IEEE 24总线测试系统
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引用次数: 0
Process Improvement Initiatives in a Newly Reformed Distribution Company 一个新改革的分销公司的过程改进计划
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367753
A. Saha, R. Lahiri, S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, Y. Song, T. K. Panigrahi
After the formation of a distribution company (DISCOM), it takes a lot of initiatives to become a preferred provider of reliable and competitive power to people it serves and a favored company to work for. This work covers the initiatives taken by a DISCOM in different areas like O&M process improvement, commercial process improvement, and customer care process improvement to enhance all the related performances. Key challenges involving the initiatives are to deliver quality and cost effective electricity, ensure excellence in customer care, create a work environment that encourages teamwork & innovation. With the implementation of the initiatives, dramatic improvements in the performances in all the areas were observed which enabled the company to orient the core business operations with information systems and world-class practices for sustainable reforms
分销公司(DISCOM)成立后,要想成为其服务对象首选的可靠和有竞争力的供应商,成为受欢迎的公司,需要采取很多主动行动。这项工作涵盖了DISCOM在不同领域所采取的行动,如O&M过程改进、商业过程改进和客户关怀过程改进,以提高所有相关的性能。主要的挑战是提供高质量和低成本的电力,确保卓越的客户服务,创造一个鼓励团队合作和创新的工作环境。随着这些举措的实施,所有领域的业绩都有了显著的改善,这使得公司能够利用信息系统和世界级的可持续改革实践来定位核心业务运营
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Calorimetric Application for Accurate Power Loss Measurement 热法在功率损耗精确测量中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367538
W. Cao, K. Bradley, I. French, J. Zhang, H. Zhang
This paper reviews the technological developments in calorimetry for accurate power loss measurement. The various topologies and features of calorimeters are described with special attention given to their merits and shortcomings. It is hoped to provide a guideline and quick reference for developing a calorimetric system
本文综述了用于精确测量功率损耗的量热法的技术进展。描述了量热计的各种拓扑结构和特点,并特别注意了它们的优点和缺点。希望为开发量热系统提供指导和快速参考
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引用次数: 14
Investigation into Protection of Active Distribution Network with High Penetration of Embedded Generation Using Radial and Ring Operation Mode 采用径向和环形运行方式保护嵌入式发电高渗透有源配电网的研究
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367599
S. Salman, S.F. Tan
Existing distribution networks are mostly designed to operate in radial mode without having generation units accommodated on them. The increase in penetration of embedded generations (EGs) into existing distribution network in recent years has resulted in bi-directional power flow and changes in network voltage profile. These in turn caused important impact on system protection of existing distribution network. The protection issues that have been identified include (i) increase of network fault level that requires costly upgrading of switchgears, (ii) disruption of feeder protection operation which could lead to unnecessary tripping of healthy feeders and reduction of the fault detection sensitivity of protection devices, (iii) the necessity of introducing new protection requirements particularly with regard to loss of mains (LOM) protection to avoid islanding condition (iv) the necessity of introducing the concept of intentional islanding under certain circumstances. Future distribution networks are likely to be operated in ring mode rather than radial in order to optimise the integrated capacity of embedded generations as reported in literature. The advantage of adopting ring mode operation includes, (i) increase of the reliability of electric power supplies and (ii) in the context of EGs, it eases the issues of voltage regulation. However, ring operation mode in addition to the presence of embedded generation could complicate the protection system, particularly, that related to feeder protection. Therefore special considerations are required for ring feeder protection compared to radial operation mode. This paper concerns with investigating the protection requirements of ring and radial distribution networks in the presence of embedded generations (EGs).
现有的配电网大多设计成径向运行模式,没有发电机组。近年来,嵌入式电源越来越多地渗透到现有的配电网中,导致了电力的双向流动和电网电压分布的变化。这些又对现有配电网的系统保护产生了重要影响。已确定的保护问题包括:(i)网络故障级别增加,需要昂贵的开关设备升级;(ii)馈线保护操作中断,可能导致健康馈线不必要的跳闸,并降低保护装置的故障检测灵敏度。(iii)引入新的保护规定的必要性,特别是在电源失电保护方面,以避免出现孤岛情况;(iv)在某些情况下引入有意孤岛的概念的必要性。未来的配电网络很可能以环形模式而不是径向模式运行,以优化嵌入式世代的综合能力,如文献报道的那样。采用环模式操作的优点包括:(i)提高了电力供应的可靠性;(ii)在EGs环境下,它缓解了电压调节问题。然而,环形运行模式加上嵌入式发电机组的存在可能会使保护系统复杂化,特别是与馈线保护有关的系统。因此,与径向运行模式相比,环形给料器保护需要特殊考虑。本文研究了环形和径向配电网在嵌入式电源(EGs)存在下的保护要求。
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引用次数: 13
Transient Stability Analysis of Distribution Network with Dispersed Generation 分散发电配电网暂态稳定性分析
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2006.367749
A. Ishchenko, J. Myrzik, W. Kling
In this paper transient stability of an existing 10 kV distribution network with combined heat and power plants, microturbinesand wind turbines is analyzed. In order to do this, dynamic models of the network and generators have been created and simulations for faults at different network locations have been done. From the analysis it appears that the most critical parameter, which influences transient stability in the test network, is the inertia of a microturbine. Simulations have shown that there is linear relationship between inertia constant of microturbine and critical clearing time. After that it has been checked that the protection of DG satisfies transient stability requirements. In the end, the possibility for providing DG support to the network during and after disturbances using fault ride-through concept has been considered and simulations illustrate that DG protection can guarantee transient stability in this case as well.
本文分析了现有10kv热电联产配电网的暂态稳定性。为此,建立了电网和发电机的动态模型,并对不同网络位置的故障进行了仿真。分析表明,影响试验网暂态稳定的最关键参数是微水轮机的惯量。仿真结果表明,微涡轮惯性常数与临界清流时间呈线性关系。然后检查DG的保护是否满足暂态稳定要求。最后,考虑了在干扰期间和之后使用故障穿越概念为网络提供DG支持的可能性,仿真表明DG保护在这种情况下也可以保证暂态稳定。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference
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