Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni最新文献

The infection of Culex pipiens f. pipiens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus mosquitoes with Western Nile virus was studied. Their taxonomic status was determined from the type of mitochondrial DNA. Among 424 females individually examined, there were 4 infected specimens: 3 pipens females gathered in the urban and suburban open biotopes and one molestus female caught in the open urban biotope. Molestus mitotype females were first detected in the suburban open biotopes. The possible reasons for the wide colonization of molestus mosquitoes and its epidemic consequences are discussed.

Morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analyses made in the Fergana, Chirchik-Akhangaran, Mirzachul, and Zarafshan physicogeographical districts of Uzbekistan revealed the closely related species An. artemievi malaria mosquito from the An. maculipennis complex. In the human settlements and natural biotopes under their canopy of 7 physicogeographical districts of Uzbekistan, there were 6 Anopheles mosquito species (An. artemievi, An. claviger, An. hyrcanus, An.martinius, An. pulcherrimus, and An. superpictus); An. superpictus is a dominant species in the human settlements and An. artemievi in subdominant. An.pulcherrimus was dominant and An. superpictus was subdominant under natural canopy conditions. The latter is of widespread occurrence in the mountain and piedmont areas of Uzbekistan. It is encountered in all the physicogeographical districts. An. artemievi is distributed in the river valleys in the Fergana, Chirchik-Akhangaran, Mirzachul, and Zarafshan physicogeographical districts. An. pulcherrimus is common in the plain river valleys, except in the Qashqadaryo physicogeographical district. An. martinius is found in the Qashqadaryo and Nizhneamudryo physicogeographical districts. Livestock houses are the most attractive day's rests for mosquitoes; utility rooms rank next in mosquito density. Housing premises are slightly occupied by mosquitoes. The maximum size of aggressive mosquitoes is noted in July, August, and early September.

The paper gives the data obtained in toxicological experiments versus analysis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in permethrin-resistant human lice (VSSC1 gene kdr mutations leading to the amino acid replacements T9171 and L920F have been found). It is shown that the results of toxicological experiments may be indirectly indicative of the genetic composition of a study sample of lice.

Thelazia callipaeda nematodes parasitize in the eyes of domestic and wild carnivorous mammals (more often in Canidae). Numerous cases of human infestation are also known. The nematode spreads in South and East Asia although in the last decade this has been reported from dogs, cats and wolves in South and Central Europe as well. In the Russian Federation, T. callipaeda was earlier observed in dogs, cats, foxes and raccoon dogs in some regions of the Russian Far East. Two cases of human infestation were also reported. There has been no evidence of T. callipaeda in Russia in the past 50 years. Postmortem parasitological surveys of various wild carnivores were performed in the Primorsky Territory of Russia in the winter of 2012 to the summer of 2014. Conjunctival sac including the space under the nictitating membrane was sought for nematodes. T. callipaeda was detected in 28 sables of the 492 examined ones, in 5 out of the 11 raccoon dogs, in 2 out of the 3 foxes, and in one lynx. The examination of 25 kolinskies, 4 American minks, 3 Amur leopard cats, 2 yellow-throated martens and one badger provided negative results. The sable and the wild lynx are firstly reported as hosts of T. callipaeda. The findings suggest that there is a persisting natural reservoir of zoonotic thelaziosis in the Russian Far East. The epidemiological importance of this fact should not be underestimated.

Tropical malaria occurred in the Republic of Tajikistan in 1994 after 40-year absence and spread in 28 regions of Tajikistan and in 3 cities (Dushanbe, Kulyab, and Kurgan-Tyube), peaking in 2000 (831 cases). A total of 3585 cases of tropical malaria were notified in 602 foci during a 15-year period. Migrants imported the pathogenic agent by the route of Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan during armed conflicts and in trading activities continually.The emergence of Asian Plasmodium falciparum phenotypes was accompanied by the clinical complications of the disease: the high percentage of moderate and severe forms of the disease was observed in preschool children in the absence of fatal outcomes. The rising incidence of malaria was associated with not only with the intensive import of the infection and the flight of infected malaria mosquitoes, but also with the active examination of the population during homestead rounds and with the timely laboratory diagnosis of malaria pathogens. The long-term goal antimalarial measures in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2009 resulted in the pause in the local transmission of tropical malaria, which meant its elimination in the country.

The paper gives the results of an investigation of platelet serotonin levels in patients with tick-borne encephalitis to determine a criterion for predicting the development of its to-wave course. Fifty-five patients were examined at the height of tick-borne encephalitis (in the first 2-4 days): Group 1 included 39 patients with a one-wave course of the disease; Group 2 consisted of 16 patients with its two-wave course. Platelet serotonin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Analysis of platelet serotonin levels could establish its lower value in the two-wave course (115.6 ± 36.2 ng/ml) than in the one-wave one (261.9 ± 96.8 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The significant difference between these types of tick-borne encephalitis and the calculation of the optimal cutoff value could propose this indicator as a predictor to detect the second wave of the infection.