Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni最新文献

The paper considers the functional aspects of a biological component in programs for training specialists in the area of Parasitology for accreditation within the current enactments, including those on modernization of public health and additional professional education. The working program of the module "Fundamental Disciplines" has been used as an example to outline approaches to molding a medical parasitologist's capacity and readiness to solve professional tasks on the basis of knowledge of fundamental disciplines: biology, immunology, and medical geography. Education fundamentalization is shown to suggest more unsupervised work of a learner in the teaching process. The fundamental constituent of a biological component of the 'programs for training learners in the specialty of Parasitology for accreditation is shown in the interaction of all sections of this area with special and allied subjects.

The time of development and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the soil of Gorno-Altaisk was experimen- tally investigated in 2011-2014. In July 2011, T.canis eggs matured at 3-5-cm soil depths from the stage of 1-2 blastomeres to invading larva within 12 days at a daily average temperature of +23°C and at a relative humidity of 82%. At 3-5-cm soil depths, more than 70% of invaded T. canis eggs preserved their viability through- out the experimental period (4 years). The paper gives evidence for the seasonal survival of invaded T. canis eggs in relation of the length of soil stay.

Analysis of data on the incidence of pediculosis worldwide has shown that this disease still remains one of the major health problems in many countries. The ways of transmitting lice and different (social and biological) factors influencing lice infestation are considered. The country's real morbidity rate, such as the ratio of the number of reported pediculosis cases to the amount of pediculicides sold at drugstores in both Russia as a whole and its individual federal districts in particular, has been investigated. The actual morbidity rate has been found to be higher than the officially recorded one.

In 2016, provision is made for the transition for an accreditation system for all health workers to have individual permits for specific kinds of medical activities. Regular accreditation of health workers is one of the constituents of medical education, which is being intensively elaborated by the Ministry of Health of Russia jointly with a professional community by the module principle of using an accumulation system of valid credits. Despite the fact that higher educational establishments belong to different agencies, educational programs for physicians, criteria and procedures for their accreditation must be uniform. In this connection, there is today's challenge of methodological and methodical approaches to defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists of healthcare facilities of the Ministry of Health of Russia, bodies and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. In the context of systemic and functional methodological approaches, the paper shows a procedure for defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists (in case of medical parasitologists).

Investigations were conducted in late June to early June 2013. The population density of mollusks of the genus Juga in the shoreline and littoral covered by meadow waters was 10 to 30 specimens/m2; there were solitary specimens of the genus Parafossarulus. Fourteen out of 39 fish species were invaded by metacercariae of Clonorchis. Manchurian spiny loaches (Leptobotia) and Light's bitterling (Rhodeus lighti) are first registered to be hosts of Clonorchis. The metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and those of Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi were in the kidneys, fin muscles, and gills of taimen (Hucho) and lenok (Brachymystax lenok) from the Khor River. The invasion rate for the taimen was greater than 1000 metacercariae and that for the lenok was not more than 720 metacercariae per fish.

The Primorye Territory of Russia is part of a natural habitat for pathogens of four human trematodiases: metagonimiasis (caused by the two worms Metagonimus yokogawai and M. katsuradai in the region), nanophyetiasis (Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi), paragonimiasis (Paragonimus westermani ishunensis), and clonorchiasis (Clonorchis sinensis). The tensest situation in the region has emerged with clonorchiasis, the pathogen of which is extending its area due to anthropogenic sources. In addition to the above mentioned trematodes, the investigators have found 18 more species that may inhabit human beings.

A cyclic change in the epizootic activity of a tularemia activity underlies the mechanism of natural opisthorchiasis focus pulsation in the combined focus of opisthorchiasis and tularemia in the ecosystem of the Konda River. This is due to mass breeding and depression in the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) population. The mass breeding is predetermined by high population reproduction constants. The rodents' potential fecundity occurs with the high capacity of lands, which is caused by the hydrological regime of rivers. The size depression is predetermined by the epizootics of tularemia. The water vole is a host of the pathogens of opisthorchiasis and tularemia. So the mass rodent breeding in the combined infection and invasion focus causes an increase in the number of real invasion sources. The epizootic of tularemia is responsible for elimination of these invasion sources and for decreases in the flow of invasion material, the infection rate of Codiella and hence the amount of their produced cercarae, the extensive and intensive indicators of fish contamination, and the intensity of an epizootic process in the opisthorchiasis focus.

Trichinosis was experimentally induced in rats. The morphology of encystation of Trichinella larvae was studied in the striated muscles. The efficacy of albendazole was evaluated in different intensity of Trichinella larvae infestation in the striated muscles of the laboratory animals. Encystation was shown to cease at 21 days. Albendazole showed high activity against intestinal and encapsulated larvae of Trichinella, leading to 100% death of T. spiralis. Capsules and Trichinella larvae were described to be destructed after treatment with albendazole 15 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days.

In vitro cultivation of Trichinella spiralis provided data on the structure of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of T. spiralis larvae, their immunochemical properties were studied. The findings suggest that work should be continued to produce monoclonal antibodies and to develop highly sensitive and specific ELISA test systems for the diagnosis of human and animal trichinosis.