Introduction: Nurses increasingly encounter aggression from patients in their work. The cause of aggressive behaviour of patients may be lack of choice of a medical facility, inappropriate behaviour of the nurse, waiting time for health services, acting against the patient’s will, waiting time for tests, and being refused medical services. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the causes and manifestations of patients’ aggression in the opinion of nurses. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 300 nurses from the non-surgical and surgical departments between May and December 2019. To achieve the purpose of the study, the method of diagnostic survey, interview, and statistical methods were adopted. The research tools included the Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Nurses and the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). Results: For most of the surveyed nurses (92.6%), aggression was primarily associated with the use of vulgar language. According to 219 (73.0%) respondents, the most common reason for patient aggression was a long waiting time for medical services. When confronted with aggressive behaviour, more than half of the nurses tried to talk to the patient and sought to ensure their own safety and the safety of other patients. Conclusions: In professional work, nurses encounter aggression from patients. The lower the suppression of emotions, the more adequate the perception of aggressive situations.
{"title":"Causes and manifestations of patient aggression in the opinion of nurses","authors":"A. Krakowiak-Burdzy, A. Fąfara","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nurses increasingly encounter aggression from patients in their work. The cause of aggressive behaviour of patients may be lack of choice of a medical facility, inappropriate behaviour of the nurse, waiting time for health services, acting against the patient’s will, waiting time for tests, and being refused medical services. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the causes and manifestations of patients’ aggression in the opinion of nurses. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 300 nurses from the non-surgical and surgical departments between May and December 2019. To achieve the purpose of the study, the method of diagnostic survey, interview, and statistical methods were adopted. The research tools included the Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Nurses and the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). Results: For most of the surveyed nurses (92.6%), aggression was primarily associated with the use of vulgar language. According to 219 (73.0%) respondents, the most common reason for patient aggression was a long waiting time for medical services. When confronted with aggressive behaviour, more than half of the nurses tried to talk to the patient and sought to ensure their own safety and the safety of other patients. Conclusions: In professional work, nurses encounter aggression from patients. The lower the suppression of emotions, the more adequate the perception of aggressive situations.","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"436 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72551015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially. The 2021 Guidelines of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) defined three major goals of treatment: (1) reduction in mortality, (2) prevention of recurrent hospitalizations due to worsening HF, and (3) improvement in clinical status, functional capacity, and quality of life. To achieve these goals a new simplified treatment algorithm has been introduced [1]. The cornerstone of management is therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I), unless the drugs are contraindicated or not tolerated (class I of recommendations) [1–4]. Moreover, importance of multidisciplinary team management, education, self-care, lifestyle advice, exercise training, follow-up, and monitoring to improve therapeutic effectiveness has been highlighted [1, 3]. Adequate patient education and lifestyle advice are pivotal for successful treatment of HF allowing the patients to understand what is beneficial, to embrace the concept of self-monitoring, to accept therapeutic plans and improve adherence to treatment [1, 5–9]. Education to improve self-care should be tailored to each individual patient and based on scientific evidence or expert opinion [1, 10–13]. The guidelines encourage application of either home-based and/or clinic-based programmes leaving space for the use of already known as well as new tools and methods to improve clinical outcomes of HF patients. In the current issue of Medical Research Journal Kolasa et al. [14] present the rationale and design of a randomized trial of the original mindfulness-based heart training for patients with heart failure (MIND-HF trial). The study is aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of online-delivered Mindfulness Based Heart Training (MBHT) in comparison to psychoeducational intervention in HF patients. The efficacy, safety and adherence to these interventions will also be assessed. This novel, exciting idea of using MBHT in patients with HF deserves attention, although the relatively small study population and short follow-up period limit the relevance of the expected results. The researchers should be congratulated on the idea, but also suggested at this stage of the study to consider increasing the number of patients to be enrolled and extending the follow-up period [14]. Previously, our research group proposed the use of original diagnostic tools to assess readiness for hospital discharge, adherence to therapeutic recommen
本文在Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)许可下开放获取，允许下载文章并与他人分享，只要他们注明作者和出版商，但不得以任何方式更改或用于商业用途。欧洲心脏病学会(ESC) 2021年急性和慢性心力衰竭(HF)诊断和治疗指南确定了三个主要治疗目标:(1)降低死亡率;(2)预防因HF恶化而复发住院;(3)改善临床状态、功能能力和生活质量。为了实现这些目标，引入了一种新的简化处理算法[1]。治疗的基础是血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACE-I)或血管紧张素受体-neprilysin抑制剂(ARNI)、β受体阻滞剂(BB)、矿皮质激素受体拮抗剂(MRA)和钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT2-I)治疗，除非这些药物是禁忌症或不能耐受(推荐的I类)[1-4]。此外，多学科团队管理、教育、自我保健、生活方式建议、运动训练、随访和监测对提高治疗效果的重要性也得到了强调[1,3]。充分的患者教育和生活方式建议对于成功治疗心衰至关重要，使患者了解什么是有益的，接受自我监测的概念，接受治疗计划并提高对治疗的依从性[1,5 - 9]。提高自我保健的教育应针对每个患者，并以科学证据或专家意见为基础[1,10 - 13]。该指南鼓励采用以家庭和/或诊所为基础的规划，为使用已知的以及新的工具和方法来改善心衰患者的临床结果留出空间。在最新一期的《医学研究杂志》(Medical Research Journal)上，Kolasa等人[14]提出了一项针对心力衰竭患者的原始正念心脏训练的随机试验(MIND-HF试验)的基本原理和设计。本研究旨在探讨在线正念心脏训练(MBHT)的可行性和可接受性，并与心衰患者的心理教育干预进行比较。还将评估这些干预措施的有效性、安全性和依从性。尽管相对较小的研究人群和较短的随访期限制了预期结果的相关性，但在心衰患者中使用MBHT这一新颖而令人兴奋的想法值得关注。我们应该对研究者的想法表示祝贺，但也建议在研究的这个阶段考虑增加入组的患者数量并延长随访期[14]。此前，我们的研究小组提出使用原始诊断工具来评估HF患者的出院准备情况、对治疗建议的依从性和慢性疾病的功能[15-22]。总之，在心力衰竭患者中使用新的治疗和诊断工具进行大型多中心研究似乎也值得考虑。
{"title":"Treatment of heart failure patients — in search of new solutions to difficult problems","authors":"A. Kubica","doi":"10.5603/mrj.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially. The 2021 Guidelines of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) defined three major goals of treatment: (1) reduction in mortality, (2) prevention of recurrent hospitalizations due to worsening HF, and (3) improvement in clinical status, functional capacity, and quality of life. To achieve these goals a new simplified treatment algorithm has been introduced [1]. The cornerstone of management is therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I), unless the drugs are contraindicated or not tolerated (class I of recommendations) [1–4]. Moreover, importance of multidisciplinary team management, education, self-care, lifestyle advice, exercise training, follow-up, and monitoring to improve therapeutic effectiveness has been highlighted [1, 3]. Adequate patient education and lifestyle advice are pivotal for successful treatment of HF allowing the patients to understand what is beneficial, to embrace the concept of self-monitoring, to accept therapeutic plans and improve adherence to treatment [1, 5–9]. Education to improve self-care should be tailored to each individual patient and based on scientific evidence or expert opinion [1, 10–13]. The guidelines encourage application of either home-based and/or clinic-based programmes leaving space for the use of already known as well as new tools and methods to improve clinical outcomes of HF patients. In the current issue of Medical Research Journal Kolasa et al. [14] present the rationale and design of a randomized trial of the original mindfulness-based heart training for patients with heart failure (MIND-HF trial). The study is aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of online-delivered Mindfulness Based Heart Training (MBHT) in comparison to psychoeducational intervention in HF patients. The efficacy, safety and adherence to these interventions will also be assessed. This novel, exciting idea of using MBHT in patients with HF deserves attention, although the relatively small study population and short follow-up period limit the relevance of the expected results. The researchers should be congratulated on the idea, but also suggested at this stage of the study to consider increasing the number of patients to be enrolled and extending the follow-up period [14]. Previously, our research group proposed the use of original diagnostic tools to assess readiness for hospital discharge, adherence to therapeutic recommen","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jolanta Kolasa, Małgorzata Woźniak, Tomasz Cyrkot, E. Cichoń, R. Szczepanowski, A. Pawlak
{"title":"Rationale and design of Mind-HF: randomized trial of the original Mindfulness-Based Heart Training for patients with heart failure","authors":"Jolanta Kolasa, Małgorzata Woźniak, Tomasz Cyrkot, E. Cichoń, R. Szczepanowski, A. Pawlak","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84282786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bone health in young women: the effect of tobacco smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and physical activity on bone mineral density","authors":"A. Kopiczko, M. Czapla, Patrycja Widłak","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80491509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Topoliński, Krzysztof Pstrągowski, A. Kubica, R. Gajda, Łukasz Pietrzykowski, E. Zabielska, Tamara Sukiennik, Małgorzata Jasiewicz, Marzena Wawrzyniak, Malwina Barańska, Julia M Umińska, Lidia Manelska, Ewa Obońska, Michał Siedlaczek, P. Michalski, E. Laskowska, Klaudyna Grzelakowska, Jacek Kryś, Piotr Adamski, Piotr Niezgoda, M. Ostrowska, E. Navarese
{"title":"Early administration of LEvosimendan in Patients witH decompensAted chroNic hearT failure (ELEPHANT) study. Rationale and protocol of the study","authors":"T. Topoliński, Krzysztof Pstrągowski, A. Kubica, R. Gajda, Łukasz Pietrzykowski, E. Zabielska, Tamara Sukiennik, Małgorzata Jasiewicz, Marzena Wawrzyniak, Malwina Barańska, Julia M Umińska, Lidia Manelska, Ewa Obońska, Michał Siedlaczek, P. Michalski, E. Laskowska, Klaudyna Grzelakowska, Jacek Kryś, Piotr Adamski, Piotr Niezgoda, M. Ostrowska, E. Navarese","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84708004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ł. Domagalski, J. Gałązka, P. Homa, Zofia Hoffman, Leon Sakwa, Michał Szymoniuk, M. Wdowiak, W. Czyżewski, K. Torres, R. Rola
Meningiomas, being mostly benign tumours, are derived from the arachnoid cap cells. Their etiopatho - genesis is based on various factors, including past radiation. The presented case of a 25-year-old patient, who developed a radiation-induced superior sagittal sinus meningioma based on his past head radiation distributed during acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The tumour’s clinical image presented at first as head - ache, nausea, and dizziness, computer tomography and subsequently MRI were performed. The imaging examination revealed a very extensive, contrast-enhanced tumour mass located centrally on both sides and within the superior sagittal sinus. With the most likely diagnosis of parasagittal meningioma, the pa - tient was qualified for tumour excision. The surgery was performed successfully resulting in maximal safe subtotal resection. After the surgery, the patient developed complications including hydrocephalus, which resulted in 5-months long hospitalization. The presented case illustrated the need for increased clinical attention in patients threatened by radiation (including radiotherapy), focused on possible head lesions.
{"title":"Severe course of radiation-induced meningioma — a new insight in screening for patients after radiotherapy?","authors":"Ł. Domagalski, J. Gałązka, P. Homa, Zofia Hoffman, Leon Sakwa, Michał Szymoniuk, M. Wdowiak, W. Czyżewski, K. Torres, R. Rola","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Meningiomas, being mostly benign tumours, are derived from the arachnoid cap cells. Their etiopatho - genesis is based on various factors, including past radiation. The presented case of a 25-year-old patient, who developed a radiation-induced superior sagittal sinus meningioma based on his past head radiation distributed during acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The tumour’s clinical image presented at first as head - ache, nausea, and dizziness, computer tomography and subsequently MRI were performed. The imaging examination revealed a very extensive, contrast-enhanced tumour mass located centrally on both sides and within the superior sagittal sinus. With the most likely diagnosis of parasagittal meningioma, the pa - tient was qualified for tumour excision. The surgery was performed successfully resulting in maximal safe subtotal resection. After the surgery, the patient developed complications including hydrocephalus, which resulted in 5-months long hospitalization. The presented case illustrated the need for increased clinical attention in patients threatened by radiation (including radiotherapy), focused on possible head lesions.","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84893139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The phenomenon of consumerism in health care refers to the medical services provided. Currently, patients have more and more demands and they are aware of their rights. This may cause conflicts on the patient-nurse line. Material and methods: The data were acquired from the Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Nurses and Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Patients. The study was conducted from May 2019 to December 2019. Results: There were fairly significant differences in the views of nurses and patients on virtually all aspects of health care funding and, in general, health policy pursued in Poland. Patients believed that they should make decisions about their treatment, whereas, in the opinion of nurses, they generally should not be responsible for such decisions. It is worth noting that patients felt that they should be in charge of their treatment but that nurses should be responsible for the outcomes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients more frequently than nurses think they are responsible for both treatment and treatment outcomes. Nurses claimed they do not have the right to decide about treatment and should not be responsible for treatment outcomes.
{"title":"The phenomenon of consumerism in medical services from the patient’s and nurse’s perspective","authors":"A. Krakowiak-Burdzy, A. Fąfara","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The phenomenon of consumerism in health care refers to the medical services provided. Currently, patients have more and more demands and they are aware of their rights. This may cause conflicts on the patient-nurse line. Material and methods: The data were acquired from the Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Nurses and Author’s Survey Questionnaire for Patients. The study was conducted from May 2019 to December 2019. Results: There were fairly significant differences in the views of nurses and patients on virtually all aspects of health care funding and, in general, health policy pursued in Poland. Patients believed that they should make decisions about their treatment, whereas, in the opinion of nurses, they generally should not be responsible for such decisions. It is worth noting that patients felt that they should be in charge of their treatment but that nurses should be responsible for the outcomes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients more frequently than nurses think they are responsible for both treatment and treatment outcomes. Nurses claimed they do not have the right to decide about treatment and should not be responsible for treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artur Mieczkowski, Sławomir Kujawski, P. Zalewski, J. Budzyński
{"title":"Autonomic balance and impedance cardiography analysis in patients undergoing leg revascularization","authors":"Artur Mieczkowski, Sławomir Kujawski, P. Zalewski, J. Budzyński","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88900589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low doses of radiation — impact on the environment and human","authors":"S. Roszkowski","doi":"10.5603/mrj.a2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73701632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Bönner, Christian Jung, Amin Polzin, Ralf Erkens, Lisa Dannenberg, Rojda Ipek, Madlen Kaldirim, Mareike Cramer, Patricia Wischmann, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Christian Meyer, Ulrich Flögel, Bodo Levkau, Axel Gödecke, Jens Fischer, Nicolaj Klöcker, Martina Krüger, Michael Roden, Malte Kelm
{"title":"SYSTEMI — Systemic organ communication in STEMI: Design and rationale of a cohort study of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","authors":"Florian Bönner, Christian Jung, Amin Polzin, Ralf Erkens, Lisa Dannenberg, Rojda Ipek, Madlen Kaldirim, Mareike Cramer, Patricia Wischmann, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Christian Meyer, Ulrich Flögel, Bodo Levkau, Axel Gödecke, Jens Fischer, Nicolaj Klöcker, Martina Krüger, Michael Roden, Malte Kelm","doi":"10.5603/mrj.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/mrj.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18485,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135731438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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