Metabolites最新文献

Background/Objectives: The negative energy balance activaties of spontaneous lipolysis. This may promotes inflammation within the adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to explain the development of inflammation during increased lactogenesis. It was hypothesized that lipolysis contributes synthesis of interleukin-6 and plasminogen. Methods: The study was in production conditions carried out using Holstein-Friesian cows. The period studied covered time of early lactation. Results: Up to the peak of lactation, milk yield strongly influenced the rate of loss of body condition. This had an impact on with the intensity of the release of the fatty acids. In both cases this relationships strengthened to the peak of production. Oobserved tendencies towards a decrease in the concentration of glucose and an increase in that of leptin. Loss of the body condition and the release of NEFA were were influencing to affect the blood concentrations of interleukin-6 and plasminogen. We have shown that IL-6 has a relatively strong correlation with the NEFA. They correlate with IL-6 independently of EB influence. This may suggest independent associations between these variables, which could potentially be applied in practice. Conclusions: The NEFA release in the long term can increase the inflammatory response within adipose tissue and can intensify the release of interleukin-6 and plasminogen. It is likely that in the initial stage of lactogenesis, the inflammatory process developing within adipose tissue is physiologically justified. Our results can provide background to this little-described area of research.

Background: Didymin is a dietary flavonoid derived from citrus fruits and has been shown to have extensive biological functions, especially anti-inflammatory effects, but its mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of didymin that alleviates ulcerative colitis. Methods and Results: Our results indicated that didymin could alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, as it inhibited the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Didymin also promoted the expressions of claudin-1 and zona occludens-1(ZO-1), which are closely related with restoring colon barrier function. Didymin also increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Verrucomicobiota, while decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, didymin significantly altered the levels of metabolites related to arginine synthesis and metabolism, and lysine degradation in the colitis mice. Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking, our results showed that the metabolites L-ornithine and saccharin could interact with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). In this in vitro study, L-ornithine could reduce the expressions of transcription factors STAT3 and NF-κB, and it also inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and IL-1β in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced in RAW264.7 cells, while saccharin had the opposite effect. Conclusions: Taken together, didymin can regulate gut microbiota and alter metabolite products, which can modulate STAT3 and NF-κB pathways and inhibit the expressions of inflammatory factors and inflammatory response in the DSS-induced colitis mice.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprises the majority, approximately 70-80%, of renal cancer cases and often remains asymptomatic until incidentally detected during unrelated abdominal imaging or at advanced stages. Currently, standardized screening tests for renal cancer are lacking, which presents challenges in disease management and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify ccRCC-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urine of ccRCC-positive patients and develop a urinary VOC-based diagnostic model.

Methods: This study involved 233 pretreatment ccRCC patients and 43 healthy individuals. VOC analysis utilized stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC/MS). A ccRCC diagnostic model was established via logistic regression, trained on 163 ccRCC cases versus 31 controls, and validated with 70 ccRCC cases versus 12 controls, resulting in a ccRCC diagnostic model involving 24 VOC markers.

Results: The findings demonstrated promising diagnostic efficacy, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.94, 86% sensitivity, and 92% specificity.

Conclusions: This study highlights the feasibility of using urine as a reliable biospecimen for identifying VOC biomarkers in ccRCC. While further validation in larger cohorts is necessary, this study's capability to differentiate between ccRCC and control groups, despite sample size limitations, holds significant promise.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to a loss of myelin. There are three main types of MS: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and primary and secondary progressive disease (PPMS, SPMS). The differentiation in the pathogenesis of these two latter courses is still unclear. The underlying mechanisms of MS are yet to be elucidated, and the treatment relies on immune-modifying agents. Recently, lipidomics and metabolomics studies using human biofluids, mainly plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have suggested an important role of lipids and metabolites in the pathophysiology of MS. In this review, the results from studies on metabolomics and lipidomics analyses performed on biological samples of MS patients and MS-like animal models are presented and analyzed. Based on the collected findings, the biochemical pathways in human and animal cohorts involved were investigated and biological mechanisms and the potential role they have in MS are discussed. Limitations and challenges of metabolomics and lipidomics approaches are presented while concluding that metabolomics and lipidomics may provide a more holistic approach and provide biomarkers for early diagnosis of MS disease.

Background: The dramatic temperature fluctuations spurred by global warming and the accompanying extreme weather events inhibit mango growth and threaten mango productivity. Particularly, mango flowering is highly sensitive to temperature changes. The mango fruit setting rate was significantly positively correlated with pollen activity, and pollen activity was regulated by different metabolites.

Methods: In this study, the in vitro pollen of two mango varieties ('Renong No.1' and 'Jinhuang'), in which sensitivity to temperature differed significantly, were subjected to different temperature stresses (15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C), and their metabolomics were analyzed.

Results: The present results showed that 775 differential metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and divided into 12 categories. The two varieties had significant differences in metabolite expression under different temperature stresses and the effect of low temperature on 'Renong No.1' mainly focused on amino acid metabolism, while the effect on 'Jinhuang' was mainly related to glycolysis. However, under the 35 °C temperature stress, 'Renong No.1' responded by redistributing riboflavin and betaine in vivo and the most obvious metabolic pathway of 'Jinhuang' enrichment was pyrimidine metabolism, which had undergone complex main body formation and extensive regulatory processes. The changes of metabolites of different varieties under low temperature and high temperature stress were different. Among them, flavonoids or flavonoid derivatives were included in class A (216 metabolites), C (163 metabolites) and D (233 metabolites) metabolites, indicating that flavonoid metabolites had an obvious regulatory effect on mango pollen metabolism under different temperature stress.

Conclusions: The present results provide valuable information for reproductive biology studies and breeding in mango, in particular, the selection and breeding of the most suitable varieties for different production areas.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effects of blackcurrant (BC) anthocyanins on concentrations of microbial-derived short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) and metabolites of phytoestrogens. We then examined their associations with six-month changes in whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and biomarkers of bone metabolism.

Methods: Fecal and blood samples from a pilot randomized controlled trial were collected and analyzed from 37 eligible peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years who were randomized into one of three treatment groups consuming one placebo capsule (control), 392 mg BC (low BC) or 784 mg BC (high BC) daily for six months.

Results: Significant differences were observed between groups at baseline in acetic, propionic, valeric, caproic and heptanoic acids (p < 0.05). Isobutyric acid significantly decreased from baseline (0 months) to six months in the control group (p < 0.05) and the high BC group had a significantly greater concentration than the control group at six months (p < 0.05). Butyric acid was significantly greater in the high BC group than low BC at six months (p < 0.05). Six-month changes in caproic and isobutyric acids showed weak correlations with changes in whole-body BMD (r = 0.3519, p < 0.05 and r = 0.3465, p < 0.05, respectively). Isovaleric and valeric acids displayed weak correlations with BALP (r = 0.3361, p < 0.05) and OPG (r = 0.3593, p < 0.05), respectively. Enterodiol was positively correlated with BALP (r = 0.6056, p < 0.01) while enterolactone was positively correlated with osteocalcin (r = 0.5902, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with sclerostin (r = -0.3485, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The results suggest that BC may be a potential dietary agent to reduce postmenopausal bone loss through modulating microbially-derived SCCAs and phytoestrogen metabolites.

Background/objectives: Metabolomics provides insights into the biological underpinnings of disease development and treatment. This systematic review investigated the impact of acupuncture on metabolite levels and associated metabolic pathways using a metabolomic approach.

Methods: Five databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central) were searched using terms such as "acupuncture" and "metabolites" to retrieve relevant journal articles published through January 2024. Studies utilizing mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Metabolic pathway analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 6.0 to identify common significant pathways affected by acupuncture. Additionally, subgroup pathway enrichment analysis identified metabolites significantly altered in more than two studies.

Results: Among 4019 articles, 22 studies met inclusion criteria, examining changes in metabolomic biomarkers before and after acupuncture for various diseases and symptoms. A total of 226 metabolites showed significant changes, with 14 common metabolites altered in more than two studies (glutamine, androsterone glucuronide, choline, citric acid, decanoylcarnitine, estrone, glutathione, glycine, hypoxanthine, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, serine, proline, and sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Common pathways affected by acupuncture were glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Conclusions: This review provides insights of the metabolomic mechanisms underlying acupuncture, highlighting its impact on specific metabolic pathways. Recognizing these changes can enhance acupuncture's effectiveness and support the development of personalized treatments. The findings underscore metabolomics as a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing acupuncture for various diseases and symptoms.

Background: Non/low-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are recognized as chemical additives substituting sugars to avoid caloric intake and subsequent sugar-derived diseases such as diabetes and hyperglycemia. Six NAS have been claimed safe and are authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for public use, with acceptable daily intake information available: aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, neotame, and advantame. However, the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome have raised potential concerns, since sporadic research revealed NAS-induced microbial changes in the gastrointestinal tracts and alterations in the microbiome-host interactive metabolism.

Methods: Given the fact that the gut microbiome influences kaleidoscopic physiological functions in host health, this review aimed to decipher the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome by implementing a comprehensive two-stage literature analysis based on each NAS.

Results: This review documented disturbed microbiomes due to NAS exposure to a maximal resolution of species level using taxonomic clustering analysis, and recorded metabolism alterations involved in gut microbiome-host interactions.

Conclusions: The results elucidated that specific NAS exhibited discrepant impacts on the gut microbiome, even though overlapping on the genera and species were identified. Some NAS caused glucose tolerance impairment in the host, but the key metabolites and their underlying mechanisms were different. Furthermore, this review embodied the challenges and future directions of current NAS-gut microbiome research to inspire advanced examination of the NAS exposure-gut microbiome-host metabolism axis.

Background: Our paper draws attention to the impact of lead (Pb) on the specificity of obesity development in children exposed to environmental pollution. An advantage of this paper is the homogeneous study group comprising children of identical age from a single geographic region. Moreover, while the influence of environmental toxins on adults has been extensively explored, this study delves into pediatric populations, which have yet to receive comprehensive scrutiny within the scientific literature.

Methods: Initially, a group of 136 obese children (the research program lasted three consecutive years: 2016, 2017, and 2018) living in the north-western region of Poland, from whom biochemical tests and auxological data were obtained, were enrolled for analysis. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were determined in 115 children. The age of the children ranged from 7.1 to 10.4 years. The body mass index (BMI) of children averaged 21.5 ± 2.2.

Results: The results showed that a large proportion of the participants had BLLs above the threshold for Pb. BLLs ≤ 5 µg/dL (considered safe for children and pregnant women) were found in over 70% of the participants, with BLLs in the range of 5.01-10.00 µg/dL in over 26% of the children, and concentrations > 10 µg/dL (considered toxic threshold for adults) in nearly 2% of the children. The results of our research revealed a positive association between BLLs and average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the studied children. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between BLLs and absolute fat tissue content and triglyceride concentration. Among the included biochemical factors, only insulin demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with fat mass. This result suggests that early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in overweight children involve decreased peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions: Lead exposure may significantly contribute to the development of hypertension, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism disorders in overweight and obese children. It is essential to implement multidirectional actions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of xenobiotic exposure, including lead, in order to prevent early-life exposure.

Background: Pentosidine is an advanced glycation end product that is commonly found in heat-processed foods. Pentosidine has been involved in the occurrence and development of some chronic diseases. It was reported that pentosidine exposure can impair the function of the liver and kidneys. Adipose tissue, as an active endocrine organ, plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. However, the metabolic mechanism that causes pentosidine to induce toxicity in adipose tissue remains unclear. Methods: In the study, thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal diet group, low dose group, and high dose group. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the metabolic profiles of adipose tissue between the pentosidine and normal diet groups. Furthermore, histopathological observation and body weight change analysis were performed to test the results of the metabolomics analysis. Results: A total of forty-two differential metabolites were identified. Pentosidine mainly disturbed twelve metabolic pathways, such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, etc. Additionally, pyruvic acid was identified as a possible key upregulated metabolite involved in thirty-four metabolic pathways. α-Ketoglutaric acid was named as a probable key downregulated metabolite involved in nineteen metabolic pathways based on enrichment network analysis. In addition, histopathological analysis and body weight changes confirmed the results of the metabolomics analysis. Conclusions: These results provided a new perspective for the molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue toxicity induced by pentosidine.