Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry最新文献

英文中文

Regioselective reduction of benzylidene acetals from a bis-heterocyclic pyrimidino-pyranoside platform 双杂环嘧啶吡喃苷平台的苯并二烯缩醛的区域选择性还原

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02109271584SAMB

Issa Samb, M. Gaye

After the preparation with few steps of the original bicyclic osidic scaffold of pyrimidino-pyranoside type, the exploration of the reactivity of the pyranose part allowed us to carry out different procedures for opening 4,6-O-benzylidene.

在经过几步制备嘧啶-吡喃苷型原始双环苷基支架后，对吡喃糖部分反应性的探索使我们能够对4,6- o-苄基进行不同的打开程序。

引用次数: 0

Liquid-liquid separation of Cd (II) from Cu-sulfide cake prepared from sulfate solution of Abu-Thor ore material, Southwestern, Sinai, Egypt 埃及西奈西南部Abu-Thor矿石硫酸盐溶液制备的硫化铜饼中Cd (II)的液液分离

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02108231573AWNY

Elham G. Awny

The present work is concerned with the subsequent liquid-liquid separation of Cu, Zn, and Cd compounds from Cu- sulfide cake prepared from the sulfate solution of Abu-Thor Gibbsite-bearing shale ore material. This ore was found assaying 0.014% of Cd, 0.5% of Cu, and 0.55% of Zn as the elements of interest, by using 25% of H2SO4 solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1/3 reaction time of 90 min at a temperature of 80 ◦C. About 96.5% of Cu (II), 99.3% of Cd (II), and 95.6% of Zn (II), respectively, were dissolved. After filtration, the prepared sulfate solution was treated with a suitable weight of Na2S to prepare the working Cu-sulfide cake, which was then wholly re-dissolved in 10% of H2SO4 solution to prepare the working sulfate solution, which contained the elements of interest. This solution was gone out to the organic solvent process for complete separating between the Cu (II), Zn (II) ions in the organic phase, and Cd (II) ions in the aqueous phase. The effective extraction parameters such as pH value, LIX concentration, contact time, and organic/aqueous ratio were studied. The obtained data cleared that the pH value of 2.5 was found effective for separating Cd (II) in the aqueous phase and both Zn (II) and Cu (II) in the organic phase. Where Cd (II) ions were precipitated as CdS using Na2S solution at pH 0.89, on the other side, both Zn (II) and Cu (II) were completely separated in the stripping process using Na2CO3 solution.

本文研究了从含Abu-Thor三水铝石页岩矿石的硫酸盐溶液中制备的硫化铜饼中铜、锌、镉化合物的后续液液分离。该矿石在80℃温度下，采用25%的H2SO4溶液，固液比为1/3，反应时间为90 min, Cd含量为0.014%，Cu含量为0.5%，Zn含量为0.55%。Cu (II)、Cd (II)和Zn (II)的溶解率分别为96.5%、99.3%和95.6%。过滤后，用适当重量的Na2S对制备的硫酸盐溶液进行处理，制成硫化铜工作饼，然后将其完全溶解在10%的H2SO4溶液中，制成含有感兴趣元素的硫化铜工作溶液。将该溶液进行有机溶剂处理，使有机相中的Cu (II)、Zn (II)离子和水相中的Cd (II)离子完全分离。考察了pH值、LIX浓度、接触时间、有机水比等提取参数的影响。得到的数据表明，pH值为2.5可有效分离水相中的Cd (II)和有机相中的Zn (II)和Cu (II)。其中Cd (II)离子在pH为0.89的Na2S溶液中以Cd的形式析出，而Zn (II)和Cu (II)在Na2CO3溶液的汽提过程中完全分离。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of new bimetallic phosphate (Al/Ag3PO4) and study for its Catalytic performance in the synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-l-phenyl-3H-naphth [1,2-e]-[1,3] oxazin-3-one derivatives 新型双金属磷酸盐(Al/Ag3PO4)的合成及其在1,2-二氢苯基- 3h -环烷[1,2-e]-[1,3]恶嗪-3- 1衍生物合成中的催化性能研究

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02108091579ELHALLAOUI

Achraf El Hallaoui, Tourya Ghailane, S. Chehab, Y. Merroun, R. Ghailane, S. Boukhris, T. Guedira, A. Souizi

This work aims to prepare a new bimetallic phosphate catalyst using a new simple and effective method. This new catalyst was ready for the first time by a modification of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizer with silver sulfate (AgSO4), followed by the impregnation of the aluminum atoms using aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3). The use of Al/Ag3PO4, for the first time as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic chemistry, offers a new, efficient, and green pathway for synthesizing 1,2-dihydro-l-phenyl-3H-naphth[1,2-e]-[1,3]oxazin-3-one derivatives by one-pot three-component cyclocondensation of b-naphthol, aryl aldehyde, and urea. The structure and the morphology of the prepared catalyst were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and dispersive X-ray spectrometry coupled with a scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). In addition, the optimization of the reaction parameters was carried out considering the effect of catalyst amount, the temperature, and the solvent. The procedure described herein allowed a comfortable preparation of oxazine derivatives with excellent yields, short reaction times, and in the absence of organic solvent.

本工作旨在用一种新的简单有效的方法制备一种新的双金属磷酸盐催化剂。用硫酸银(AgSO4)对三超磷酸(TSP)肥料进行改性，再用硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3)浸渍铝原子，首次制备了这种新型催化剂。Al/Ag3PO4首次在有机化学中作为非均相催化剂，为b-萘酚、芳醛和尿素一锅三组分环缩合合成1,2-二氢苯基- 3h -萘[1,2-e]-[1,3]恶嗪-3- 1衍生物提供了一条新的、高效的绿色途径。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和x射线色散光谱(EDX-SEM)对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征。此外，考虑催化剂用量、温度和溶剂的影响，对反应参数进行了优化。本文所述的方法可以在没有有机溶剂的情况下轻松制备恶嗪衍生物，收率高，反应时间短。

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引用次数: 3

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Quantification of Atorvastatin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Fluid 高效液相色谱法测定制剂和生物液中阿托伐他汀含量的建立与验证

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02106301581HAQUE

S. Haque

A reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of atorvastatin. The mobile phase involved for the separation was phosphate buffer and acetonitrile with a ratio of 10:1. The HPLC column C18 ODS hypersil column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used and detected at 215 nm. The run time of the current method was 5 minutes with excellent specificity; no interferences were observed in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The process was validated according to ICH guidelines. The linearity of the proposed method was within the range of 0.25–3.8 µg/ml. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.21 and 0.64 µg/ml. The % recovery and %RSD were within the range of 98–100 %, and ±2% for accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness results. All the values are acceptable as per ICH guidelines. As well, this enhanced technique was applied to calculate the amount of atorvastatin in human urine samples. Therefore, the present method is reliable for quantifying atorvastatin in quality control samples in academic and pharmaceutical industries and can easily be used in research development and hospitals.

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定阿托伐他汀的含量。分离的流动相为磷酸缓冲液与乙腈，比例为10:1。采用高效液相色谱柱C18 ODS hypersil (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)，在215 nm处检测。本方法运行时间为5分钟，特异性好;在药物剂型中未见干扰。该工艺根据ICH指南进行了验证。该方法在0.25 ~ 3.8µg/ml范围内线性良好。定量限和定量限分别为0.21和0.64µg/ml。回收率为98 ~ 100%，RSD为±2%，准确度、精密度、稳健性、稳健性均在±2%范围内。根据ICH指南，所有的数值都是可以接受的。同样，这种增强的技术也被应用于计算人类尿液样本中阿托伐他汀的含量。因此，本方法对学术和制药行业的质控样品中阿托伐他汀的定量是可靠的，可方便地用于研究开发和医院。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of microbial and level of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead contamination on drinking water refilling station in Bungus Teluk Kabung, West Sumatera, Indonesia 印尼西苏门答腊邦古斯特鲁克加邦饮用水补给站的微生物及镉、铬、铅污染水平评估

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02106041571AA

Azimatur Rahmi, Rahma Yulia, Asmaul Husna, Amelia Amir

Refill drinking water is a choice of drinking water, especially for the middle-income community due to the convenience and affordable price. Many studies in Indonesia reported that drinking water from drinking water refilling stations is less safe or contaminated by coliform. This study assessed the microbial and level of several heavy metals (Cadmium, chromium, and Lead) contamination on refill drinking water from drinking water refilling station in Bungus Teluk Kabung West Sumatera, Indonesia. It found that Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead were detected in all samples. Still, none of their levels exceed the maximum permissible limits based on the guideline value on Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia number 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Lead was found as the highest amount in sample B and then Chromium in sample A with values of 0.367 ppb and 0.143 ppb. The microbial contamination presence in all three refill drinking water samples with the total coliform was 28, 15, and 240 MPN per 100 ml for samples A, B, and C. Sample C has the highest microbial risk compare to A and B. The presence of E. Coli was also confirmed for all samples, and the metallic sheen identified it in all culture samples. Because the standard of the microbial parameter must be zero for coliform and E. Coli, these results revealed that all three refill drinking water samples from drinking water refilling stations Bungus Teluk Kabung are not eligible for direct consumption and could harm human health. The proper water treatment process or change in raw water sources need to be considered in the future. Inspection and monitoring from the health authority should be scheduled regularly to protect the consumers.

补充饮用水是饮用水的一种选择，由于方便和实惠的价格，尤其适合中等收入社区。印度尼西亚的许多研究报告说，饮用水补给站的饮用水不太安全或受到大肠菌群的污染。本研究评估了印尼西苏门答腊邦古斯特鲁克加邦饮用水补给站补给饮用水中几种重金属(镉、铬和铅)污染的微生物和水平。调查发现，所有样品中都检测到镉、铬和铅。尽管如此，它们的含量都没有超过基于印度尼西亚共和国卫生部第492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010号指导值的最大允许限值。B样品中铅含量最高，A样品中铬含量次之，分别为0.367 ppb和0.143 ppb。样品A、B和C的总大肠菌群分别为28、15和240 MPN / 100 ml，样品C的微生物污染风险最高，与A和B相比。所有样品均证实存在大肠杆菌，所有培养样品均有金属发光。由于大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的微生物参数标准必须为零，这些结果表明，从邦古斯特卢克加邦饮用水补充站获得的三个补充饮用水样本都不符合直接饮用的条件，可能危害人体健康。未来需要考虑适当的水处理工艺或改变原水来源。应定期安排卫生当局的检查和监测，以保护消费者。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of new spiroheterocycles-fused isoxazoline from 2-arylidenes-3-phenyl-1-indanones through a regio-and diastereospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 由2-芳基-3-苯基-1-吲哚酮经区域非对映特异性1,3-偶极环加成合成新的螺杂环-融合异恶唑啉

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02105141076GH

A. Mahfoud, A. Kerbal, A. Nakkabi, M. E. Yazidi, M. Akhazzane, M. Bakhouch, Y. Kanzouai, Rachid Bouzammit, G. A. Houari

New spiroisoxazolines 3 have been synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxides with 2-arylidenes-3-phenyl-1-indanones. The reaction occurs in a regiospecific and diastereospecific manner and leads to one cycloadduct in all the cases. The proposed structure of the obtained cycloadducts was established based on spectroscopic data and confirmed by radiocrystallographic study. The spectral data were in favor of the observed regiochemistry and diastereoselectivity of this reaction.

以芳腈氧化物与2-芳烯基-3-苯基-1-吲哚酮为原料，采用1,3-偶极环加成法合成了新的螺型异恶唑啉3。该反应以区域特异性和非对映特异性的方式发生，并在所有情况下产生一个环加合物。所得到的环加合物的结构是根据光谱数据确定的，并通过放射性结晶学研究加以证实。光谱数据支持该反应的区域化学性质和非对映选择性。

引用次数: 0

Theoretical Characterization of the Hydrogen Bonding Interaction Sites of Mycolactone C Using the ONIOM Method 用ONIOM方法对菌内酯C氢键相互作用位点的理论表征

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02104261574MGRK

François Kassi Kadjo, S. T. Affi, Yao Silvère Diki N’guessan, M. Koné, Georges Stéphane Dembélé, N. Ziao

In this work, the ONIOM method, recognized for its effectiveness on large molecules, was used to determine the geometric, energetic, and spectroscopic parameters of hydrogen bond interactions of mycolactone C. Mycolactone C; one of the most virulent forms of toxin, found in Africa and Australia. It has eight (08) oxygen heteroatoms which are all hybridized sp2 and sp3. Using quantum chemistry methods, at the ONIOM level (B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p): AM1), we have determined the preferential binding sites of the hydrogen bonds in the eight mycolactone C oxygen heteroatoms studied. Analysis of the results revealed that the heteroatom O5sp2 is the most suitable site for creating a strong hydrogen bond based on the geometric, energetic (free enthalpy of complexation), and spectroscopic (vibration frequency shifts) parameters. Identifying this O5sp2 heteroatom is a significant step forward in developing a methodology for eradicating the infection and the destructive effects of this toxin.

在这项工作中，ONIOM方法被公认为对大分子的有效性，被用来确定真菌内酯C.的氢键相互作用的几何、能量和光谱参数。在非洲和澳大利亚发现的最致命的毒素之一。它有8个氧杂原子都是sp2和sp3杂化的。利用量子化学方法，在ONIOM水平(B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p): AM1)，我们确定了所研究的8个菌内酯C氧杂原子中氢键的优先结合位点。分析结果表明，基于几何、能量(络合自由焓)和光谱(振动频移)参数，杂原子O5sp2是形成强氢键的最合适位置。鉴定这种O5sp2杂原子是开发根除这种毒素感染和破坏性影响的方法的重要一步。

引用次数: 0

Electrooxidation of simulated wastewater containing pharmaceutical amoxicillin on thermally prepared IrO2/Ti 含阿莫西林模拟废水在热制备IrO2/Ti上的电氧化研究

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02104071566FTAA

Thiery Auguste Foffié Appia, L. Ouattara

The electrooxidation of amoxicillin (AMX) on the iridium oxide electrode thermally prepared (400°C) has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. Physical characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the IrO₂ electrode has a rough surface with pores' presence. In cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of AMX occurs directly at the anode's surface or via the higher degree oxide of iridium oxide (IrO₃). It is noted that the oxidation process of AMX can be controlled by diffusion combined with the phenomenon of adsorption. In preparative electrolysis, the effect of several parameters has been investigated. These are the current density, the support medium, the initial pH. The findings obtained show a weak degradation of amoxicillin. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction rate is less than 11% under our experimental conditions, indicating that the IrO2 electrode leads to the parent compound's conversion. Also, the degradation of the organic compound is favored in a very acidic medium.

Furthermore, the effect of inorganic ions such as SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-, NO₃^-, Cl^- was evaluated. Investigations show that these ions' effects are diverse, with COD reduction rates ranging from 2.47%; 2.68%; 7.7%; 16.41%, and 71.65%, respectively, in the absence and the presence of SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-, NO₃^-, Cl^-ions. SO₄^2- have virtually no effect on enhancing the degradation of amoxicillin. PO₄^3- ions provide a slight improvement in amoxicillin degradation. As for nitrate ions, their influence is 2.31 times that of phosphate ions. Chloride ions improve the performance of the electrooxidation of amoxicillin on IrO2 very significantly. The presence of chloride ions makes it possible to go from 2928.35 (absence of inorganic ions) to 33.19 kWh per Kg of COD. This represents an energy gain of over 98%.

采用循环伏安法和制备电解法研究了阿莫西林(AMX)在400℃热备氧化铱电极上的电氧化反应。扫描电镜(SEM)物理表征表明，IrO2电极表面粗糙，存在孔隙。在循环伏安法中，AMX的氧化直接发生在阳极表面或通过氧化铱(IrO3)的更高程度的氧化。注意到AMX的氧化过程可以通过扩散和吸附现象相结合来控制。在制备电解过程中，考察了几个参数对电解效果的影响。这些是电流密度，支持介质，初始ph值。得到的结果显示阿莫西林的弱降解。在我们的实验条件下，化学需氧量(COD)的还原率小于11%，表明IrO2电极导致母体化合物的转化。此外，有机化合物的降解有利于在非常酸性的介质中进行。并对SO42-、PO43-、NO3-、Cl-等无机离子的影响进行了评价。研究表明，这些离子的作用是不同的，COD的还原率为2.47%;2.68%;7.7%;SO42-、PO43-、NO3-、Cl-离子存在和不存在时，分别为16.41%和71.65%。SO42-对促进阿莫西林的降解几乎没有作用。PO43-离子对阿莫西林的降解有轻微的改善。硝酸盐离子的影响是磷酸盐离子的2.31倍。氯离子显著提高了阿莫西林在IrO2上的电氧化性能。氯离子的存在使得每千克COD从2928.35千瓦时(不含无机离子)提高到33.19千瓦时成为可能。这意味着能量增益超过98%。

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引用次数: 3

Quantitative Structure-Activity Study against Plasmodium falciparum of a Series of Derivatives of Azetidine-2-Carbonitriles by the Method of Density Functional Theory 用密度泛函方法研究一系列氮杂丁-2-碳腈衍生物对恶性疟原虫的定量构效

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02103241572MGRK

Jean Stéphane N’dri, B. Ouattara, M. Koné, Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan, Georges Stéphane Dembélé, C. Kodjo, N. Ziao

This work deals with a Quantitative Structure-Activity study against Plasmodium falciparum of a series of Azetidine-2-carbonitrile derivatives. Using the MLR and MNLR methods from excel and xlstat software, we have been able to develop two QSAR models based on molecular descriptors and plasmodial activity. Calculation level B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p) was used to determine molecular descriptors. The statistical indicators of the first model obtained by the MLR method are: the regression coefficient found was R = 0.939 with a standard deviation S =0.266, Fischer's coefficient F =82.064, and a cross-validation correlation coefficient QCV 2 =0.935. The parameters of the second model developed by the MNLR method are: the regression coefficient R: de 0.953, a standard deviation S of 0.258, the Fischer's test F of 108.957, and the correlation coefficient of the cross-validation QCV 2 =0.951. Moreover, these models have shown some interesting statistical performance. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the dipole moment (μD), and the partition coefficient (log P) are the molecular descriptors responsible for the Plasmodium falciparum activity of Azetidine-derivatives 2-carbonitriles. Furthermore, the partition coefficient is the primary descriptor for predicting the biological activity of the studied compounds. From the findings, Eriksson et al. and the external validation criteria of Tropsha used to implement the test are verified and accurate.

本文研究了一系列氮杂丁-2-碳腈衍生物对恶性疟原虫的定量结构活性研究。利用excel和xlstat软件的MLR和MNLR方法，我们已经能够建立两个基于分子描述符和质体活性的QSAR模型。计算水平B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p)确定分子描述符。MLR法得到的第一个模型的统计指标为:回归系数R = 0.939，标准差S =0.266, Fischer系数F =82.064，交叉验证相关系数QCV 2 =0.935。采用MNLR方法建立的第二个模型参数为:回归系数R: de 0.953，标准差S为0.258,Fischer检验F为108.957，交叉验证相关系数QCV 2 =0.951。此外，这些模型还显示了一些有趣的统计性能。氮杂啶衍生物2-碳腈的最高已占据分子轨道能量(EHOMO)、偶极矩(μD)和配分系数(log P)是描述恶性疟原虫活性的分子描述符。此外，分配系数是预测所研究化合物生物活性的主要描述符。从研究结果来看，Eriksson等和Tropsha用于实施测试的外部验证标准得到了验证和准确。

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引用次数: 0

Review: Synthesis of Urea in Several Methods 综述:尿素的几种合成方法

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry

Pub Date : 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.13171/MJC02103121554ARP

Asep Rizki Pradana, Asep Royani, Kiki Zulfikri, N. Tuffahati, R. Azzahra, Tasya Qori Amini, A. Nandiyanto

Urea (CO (NH) 2 ) is one of the compositions in making fertilizer. Fertilizer is crucial, especially for plant growth (affecting plant fertility). If a plant had urea fertilizer on the soil, nitrogen in the fertilizer releases quickly, and it will cause environmental pollution. Therefore, many studies want to develop urea fertilizer to be more efficient to use. The purpose of this review is to find the most appropriate method for the efficient use of urea as seen from the material used, the technique used, and the results obtained. This review shows that the most appropriate method is the slow release method with NaOH and fly ash ingredients. Because this method can increase the effective utilization of urea, reduce environmental pollution, and be relatively more straightforward, the raw material is more affordable and spread widely in the market.

尿素(CO (NH) 2)是制造肥料的成分之一。肥料是至关重要的，特别是对植物生长(影响植物肥力)。如果植物的土壤中有尿素肥料，肥料中的氮会迅速释放，并且会造成环境污染。因此，许多研究都希望开发出更高效的尿素肥料。从尿素的原料、技术和效果等方面探讨尿素的高效利用方法。研究表明，以氢氧化钠和粉煤灰为原料的缓释法是最合适的方法。由于这种方法可以提高尿素的有效利用率，减少对环境的污染，而且相对来说比较直接，所以原料更加实惠，在市场上得到了广泛的推广。

引用次数: 0

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