Conventional mechanical joining methods, such as riveting, threaded connection and stamping connection, have obvious shortcomings in heterogeneous sheets joining. A new method of embedded cold joining was put forward, which can easily realize the connection between heterogeneous sheets. The method is suitable for connection of heterogeneous sheets with multi-layers and different thicknesses. This method can also decrease the cost greatly at the same time. Numerical simulation and experimental results indicate that a round hole sample has the maximum embedded depth and flash volume. Meanwhile, the elongation of aluminum sheet in hexagonal hole sample is the smallest. The joint strength of round hole sample increases with increment of the load pressure. Under the same load conditions, the joint strength of hexagonal hole sample is significantly higher than that of round hole and square hole sample. Additionally, the thickness decreased at different points on joint region because of the load pressure increasing. This paper shows an effective way how to realize the heterogeneous sheets connections. K e y w o r d s: heterogeneous sheets, cold press joining, mechanism, reliability
{"title":"Mechanism and reliability of sheets embedded by cold press joining","authors":"F. Li, B. Yuan, Q. Liu, M. Xu","doi":"10.4149/km_2014_2_117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2014_2_117","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional mechanical joining methods, such as riveting, threaded connection and stamping connection, have obvious shortcomings in heterogeneous sheets joining. A new method of embedded cold joining was put forward, which can easily realize the connection between heterogeneous sheets. The method is suitable for connection of heterogeneous sheets with multi-layers and different thicknesses. This method can also decrease the cost greatly at the same time. Numerical simulation and experimental results indicate that a round hole sample has the maximum embedded depth and flash volume. Meanwhile, the elongation of aluminum sheet in hexagonal hole sample is the smallest. The joint strength of round hole sample increases with increment of the load pressure. Under the same load conditions, the joint strength of hexagonal hole sample is significantly higher than that of round hole and square hole sample. Additionally, the thickness decreased at different points on joint region because of the load pressure increasing. This paper shows an effective way how to realize the heterogeneous sheets connections. K e y w o r d s: heterogeneous sheets, cold press joining, mechanism, reliability","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fu, Z. Du, Y. Jiang, P. Li, R. Zhou, Q. Cen, Y. Lei, J. Xing
Solidification structure of two kinds of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls, which carbon contents are 0.50 % and 1.00 %, respectively, and the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1050◦C and tempering at 200–600◦C, respectively, are studied. The results of metallographic, scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness and impact toughness measurements of as-cast and heat-treated B alloyed high speed steel are discussed. As-cast matrix of B alloyed high speed steel consists of martensite and troostite. There are 19–26 vol.% M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) type carboborides in the matrix. Microhardness values of M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) are 1940–2030 HV, 1380–1460 HV and 1460–1530 HV, respectively. Macrohardness of as-cast B alloyed high speed steel reaches 58–60 HRC. After quenching from 1050◦C, the eutectic M23(B, C)6 and M3(B0.7C0.3) carboborides dissolve into the matrix, and many granular M23(B, C)6 precipitate from the matrix, and the whole matrix transforms into martensite. Microhardness of matrix and macrohardness of quenched B alloyed high speed steel have a slight increase comparing with as-cast sample. Hardness of the B alloyed high speed steel remains constant while tempering temperature is below 550◦C, and then, with increasing temperature, decreases considerably. Impact toughness of the B alloyed high speed steel increases slightly until tempering temperature reaches 525◦C, and then increases considerably. B alloyed high speed steel has higher hardness and has an excellent wear resistance after tempering under 550◦C that can be attributed to the effect of boron. K e y w o r d s: high speed steel for rolling mill roll, B alloyed steel, carboboride, quenching, tempering, hardness, impact toughness
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on structure and properties of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls","authors":"H. Fu, Z. Du, Y. Jiang, P. Li, R. Zhou, Q. Cen, Y. Lei, J. Xing","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_3_189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_3_189","url":null,"abstract":"Solidification structure of two kinds of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls, which carbon contents are 0.50 % and 1.00 %, respectively, and the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1050◦C and tempering at 200–600◦C, respectively, are studied. The results of metallographic, scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness and impact toughness measurements of as-cast and heat-treated B alloyed high speed steel are discussed. As-cast matrix of B alloyed high speed steel consists of martensite and troostite. There are 19–26 vol.% M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) type carboborides in the matrix. Microhardness values of M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) are 1940–2030 HV, 1380–1460 HV and 1460–1530 HV, respectively. Macrohardness of as-cast B alloyed high speed steel reaches 58–60 HRC. After quenching from 1050◦C, the eutectic M23(B, C)6 and M3(B0.7C0.3) carboborides dissolve into the matrix, and many granular M23(B, C)6 precipitate from the matrix, and the whole matrix transforms into martensite. Microhardness of matrix and macrohardness of quenched B alloyed high speed steel have a slight increase comparing with as-cast sample. Hardness of the B alloyed high speed steel remains constant while tempering temperature is below 550◦C, and then, with increasing temperature, decreases considerably. Impact toughness of the B alloyed high speed steel increases slightly until tempering temperature reaches 525◦C, and then increases considerably. B alloyed high speed steel has higher hardness and has an excellent wear resistance after tempering under 550◦C that can be attributed to the effect of boron. K e y w o r d s: high speed steel for rolling mill roll, B alloyed steel, carboboride, quenching, tempering, hardness, impact toughness","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper demonstrates submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) of the AA6061-T6 alloy at optimized water head for achieving higher tensile strength. The experiments were conducted based on three factors, three levels, and the Box-Benham design with the full replication technique, which is used to minimize the number of experiments. The three factors considered are the tool rotational speed (rpm), welding speed (mm min−1) and water head (mm). The effect of these factors on the weld of AA6061-T6 was analysed, using response surface methodology (RSM), and a mathematical model was also developed to optimize the submerged friction stir welding process parameters to attain the maximum tensile strength of the joint. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Finally, the temperature distribution and grain size were investigated under the optimized conditions. K e y w o r d s: friction stir welding (FSW), submerged friction stir welding (SFSW), response surface methodology (RSM)
研究了AA6061-T6合金在优化水头下的浸没搅拌摩擦焊接(SFSW)可获得更高的抗拉强度。实验基于三因素、三水平，采用Box-Benham设计，采用全复制技术，尽量减少实验次数。考虑的三个因素是工具转速(rpm)，焊接速度(mm min - 1)和水头(mm)。采用响应面法(RSM)分析了这些因素对AA6061-T6焊缝的影响，并建立了优化搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数的数学模型，以获得最大接头抗拉强度。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。最后，对优化条件下的温度分布和晶粒尺寸进行了研究。介绍了搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)、搅拌浸入式摩擦焊(SFSW)、响应面法(RSM)。
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of submerged friction stir welding parameters for AA6061-T6 alloy using RSM","authors":"C. Rathinasuriyan, V. Senthil","doi":"10.4149/KM_2016_3_297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2016_3_297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) of the AA6061-T6 alloy at optimized water head for achieving higher tensile strength. The experiments were conducted based on three factors, three levels, and the Box-Benham design with the full replication technique, which is used to minimize the number of experiments. The three factors considered are the tool rotational speed (rpm), welding speed (mm min−1) and water head (mm). The effect of these factors on the weld of AA6061-T6 was analysed, using response surface methodology (RSM), and a mathematical model was also developed to optimize the submerged friction stir welding process parameters to attain the maximum tensile strength of the joint. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Finally, the temperature distribution and grain size were investigated under the optimized conditions. K e y w o r d s: friction stir welding (FSW), submerged friction stir welding (SFSW), response surface methodology (RSM)","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90114215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joining of titanium and its alloys with stainless steel by means of welding methods and obtaining joints characterised by good operation properties constitutes nowadays a significant problem in relation to research and technology. Apart from specialised welding technologies, brazing is one of the basic methods applied for joining these material combinations having diversified physical and chemical properties. Brazing is especially recommendable in the production of systems and heat exchangers for chemical industry as well as subassemblies of nuclear reactors and aircraft engines and accessories. Similarly as in case of welded joints of stainless steel and titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints of the aforesaid materials are connected with the occurrence of hard and brittle intermetallic phases appearing often in the form of continuous layers on braze boundaries. This work reports testing of strength properties and investigation of structures of vacuum-brazed joints of stainless chromium-nickel steel (X6CrNiTi18-10) and titanium (Grade 2) at 820–900◦C for 5–20 min by means of silver brazing filler metals grade B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28), B-Ag68CuSn-730/755 (Ag68Cu28Sn4), and B-Ag65CuSnNi-740/767 (Ag65Cu28Sn5Ni2). Conducted investigation of joint structures indicates brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phase where the test pieces lost their continuity in the shear test. The test results allowed to specify the most convenient brazing parameters of the tested material system from the mechanical properties point of view. Kinetic of creation and development of brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phases in structures of brazed joints will be presented in separate publication. This publication regards only to the results of structural test which are connected with mechanical properties of joints. K e y w o r d s: vacuum brazing, stainless steel, titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints, brazing parameters
{"title":"Mechanical properties of joints of stainless steel and titanium brazed with silver filler material","authors":"A. Winiowski","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_1_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_1_19","url":null,"abstract":"Joining of titanium and its alloys with stainless steel by means of welding methods and obtaining joints characterised by good operation properties constitutes nowadays a significant problem in relation to research and technology. Apart from specialised welding technologies, brazing is one of the basic methods applied for joining these material combinations having diversified physical and chemical properties. Brazing is especially recommendable in the production of systems and heat exchangers for chemical industry as well as subassemblies of nuclear reactors and aircraft engines and accessories. Similarly as in case of welded joints of stainless steel and titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints of the aforesaid materials are connected with the occurrence of hard and brittle intermetallic phases appearing often in the form of continuous layers on braze boundaries. This work reports testing of strength properties and investigation of structures of vacuum-brazed joints of stainless chromium-nickel steel (X6CrNiTi18-10) and titanium (Grade 2) at 820–900◦C for 5–20 min by means of silver brazing filler metals grade B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28), B-Ag68CuSn-730/755 (Ag68Cu28Sn4), and B-Ag65CuSnNi-740/767 (Ag65Cu28Sn5Ni2). Conducted investigation of joint structures indicates brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phase where the test pieces lost their continuity in the shear test. The test results allowed to specify the most convenient brazing parameters of the tested material system from the mechanical properties point of view. Kinetic of creation and development of brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phases in structures of brazed joints will be presented in separate publication. This publication regards only to the results of structural test which are connected with mechanical properties of joints. K e y w o r d s: vacuum brazing, stainless steel, titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints, brazing parameters","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91142447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of mechanical and metallurgical properties of titanium alloys by using laser and GTA","authors":"I. Kilerci, N. S. Köksal","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_5_299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_5_299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Krbaťa, I. Barényi, M. Eckert, D. Krizan, S. Kaar, A. Breznická
{"title":"Hot deformation analysis of lean medium-manganese 0.2C3Mn1.5Si steel suitable for quenching et partitioning process","authors":"M. Krbaťa, I. Barényi, M. Eckert, D. Krizan, S. Kaar, A. Breznická","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_6_379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_6_379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91513392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of process parameters on the surface form of laser engraved H13 tool steel","authors":"Ş. Kasman, I. Saklakoğlu","doi":"10.4149/KM_2013_5_317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2013_5_317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferromanganese (FeMn) is an alloy that is generally used to increase the wear resistance of steels and can be produced with high energy systems. In this study, the material produced by the metallothermic reduction method and a serious energy saving is achieved. In studies conducted for FeMn production, optimum recovery conditions were determined for varying aluminum stoichiometries. In addition, mill scale was used as a source to obtain the Fe structure in the alloy, and waste material was evaluated. In addition, magnetite was used as a source of iron oxide, and the recovery values of these products were compared with the mill scale. The characterization of the produced materials was determined by XRD, optical microscope and hardness methods. According to the results, the highest recovery is 110 % Al stoc. with magnetite, 98.58 % for Fe, and 85 % for Mn. The hardness value of the same sample gave the highest result with 64.65 HRC. K e y w o r d s: FeMn, mill scale, recycling, metallothermic reduction, combustion synthesis, thermodynamic modeling
{"title":"Effect of mill scale usage on thermodynamic modeling and metallothermic production of FeMn alloys","authors":"M. Buğdaycı","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_3_187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_3_187","url":null,"abstract":"Ferromanganese (FeMn) is an alloy that is generally used to increase the wear resistance of steels and can be produced with high energy systems. In this study, the material produced by the metallothermic reduction method and a serious energy saving is achieved. In studies conducted for FeMn production, optimum recovery conditions were determined for varying aluminum stoichiometries. In addition, mill scale was used as a source to obtain the Fe structure in the alloy, and waste material was evaluated. In addition, magnetite was used as a source of iron oxide, and the recovery values of these products were compared with the mill scale. The characterization of the produced materials was determined by XRD, optical microscope and hardness methods. According to the results, the highest recovery is 110 % Al stoc. with magnetite, 98.58 % for Fe, and 85 % for Mn. The hardness value of the same sample gave the highest result with 64.65 HRC. K e y w o r d s: FeMn, mill scale, recycling, metallothermic reduction, combustion synthesis, thermodynamic modeling","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76867492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The permanence of powder preform forged steels on higher order applications such as automobile, aerospace, ordnance industries with elevated temperature and strength is being sustained by implementing various heat treatment progresses. Different heat treatment schedules after the forged preforms of AISI 8620 steel produced through conventional powder metallurgy route were analysed for its mechanical strength, fractography, and microstructure properties. Green compacts were prepared in the pressure range of 540± 10 MPa and sintered in the electrical muffle furnace at 1150± 10◦C for 120 min. Sintered compacts were hot upset forged into square cross section bars. Some bars were quenched in the water medium, and other sets of samples were cooled inside the furnace and in still air. Kinetics of the cooling velocities highly influences the tensile and impact properties improvement with determined microstructure and fractographic features. K e y w o r d s: perform, forged, heat treatment, property, quenching, testing
{"title":"Diverse cooling schedules to improved physico-mechanical properties of hot upset forged AISI 8620 PM steel bars","authors":"Y. G. Bala, S. Sankaranarayanan, K. Pandey","doi":"10.4149/KM_2016_3_219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2016_3_219","url":null,"abstract":"The permanence of powder preform forged steels on higher order applications such as automobile, aerospace, ordnance industries with elevated temperature and strength is being sustained by implementing various heat treatment progresses. Different heat treatment schedules after the forged preforms of AISI 8620 steel produced through conventional powder metallurgy route were analysed for its mechanical strength, fractography, and microstructure properties. Green compacts were prepared in the pressure range of 540± 10 MPa and sintered in the electrical muffle furnace at 1150± 10◦C for 120 min. Sintered compacts were hot upset forged into square cross section bars. Some bars were quenched in the water medium, and other sets of samples were cooled inside the furnace and in still air. Kinetics of the cooling velocities highly influences the tensile and impact properties improvement with determined microstructure and fractographic features. K e y w o r d s: perform, forged, heat treatment, property, quenching, testing","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74505429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of AA5754/AA6013 dissimilar aluminium alloys joined by GMAW and FSW methods","authors":"A. Yürük, Y. Ayan, B. Çevik, N. Kahraman","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_4_245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_4_245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86552461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：