M. Krbaťa, I. Barényi, M. Eckert, D. Krizan, S. Kaar, A. Breznická
{"title":"Hot deformation analysis of lean medium-manganese 0.2C3Mn1.5Si steel suitable for quenching et partitioning process","authors":"M. Krbaťa, I. Barényi, M. Eckert, D. Krizan, S. Kaar, A. Breznická","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_6_379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_6_379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91513392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fu, Z. Du, Y. Jiang, P. Li, R. Zhou, Q. Cen, Y. Lei, J. Xing
Solidification structure of two kinds of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls, which carbon contents are 0.50 % and 1.00 %, respectively, and the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1050◦C and tempering at 200–600◦C, respectively, are studied. The results of metallographic, scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness and impact toughness measurements of as-cast and heat-treated B alloyed high speed steel are discussed. As-cast matrix of B alloyed high speed steel consists of martensite and troostite. There are 19–26 vol.% M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) type carboborides in the matrix. Microhardness values of M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) are 1940–2030 HV, 1380–1460 HV and 1460–1530 HV, respectively. Macrohardness of as-cast B alloyed high speed steel reaches 58–60 HRC. After quenching from 1050◦C, the eutectic M23(B, C)6 and M3(B0.7C0.3) carboborides dissolve into the matrix, and many granular M23(B, C)6 precipitate from the matrix, and the whole matrix transforms into martensite. Microhardness of matrix and macrohardness of quenched B alloyed high speed steel have a slight increase comparing with as-cast sample. Hardness of the B alloyed high speed steel remains constant while tempering temperature is below 550◦C, and then, with increasing temperature, decreases considerably. Impact toughness of the B alloyed high speed steel increases slightly until tempering temperature reaches 525◦C, and then increases considerably. B alloyed high speed steel has higher hardness and has an excellent wear resistance after tempering under 550◦C that can be attributed to the effect of boron. K e y w o r d s: high speed steel for rolling mill roll, B alloyed steel, carboboride, quenching, tempering, hardness, impact toughness
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on structure and properties of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls","authors":"H. Fu, Z. Du, Y. Jiang, P. Li, R. Zhou, Q. Cen, Y. Lei, J. Xing","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_3_189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_3_189","url":null,"abstract":"Solidification structure of two kinds of B alloyed high speed steel for rolling mill rolls, which carbon contents are 0.50 % and 1.00 %, respectively, and the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1050◦C and tempering at 200–600◦C, respectively, are studied. The results of metallographic, scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness and impact toughness measurements of as-cast and heat-treated B alloyed high speed steel are discussed. As-cast matrix of B alloyed high speed steel consists of martensite and troostite. There are 19–26 vol.% M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) type carboborides in the matrix. Microhardness values of M23(B, C)6, M3(B0.7C0.3) and M2(B, C) are 1940–2030 HV, 1380–1460 HV and 1460–1530 HV, respectively. Macrohardness of as-cast B alloyed high speed steel reaches 58–60 HRC. After quenching from 1050◦C, the eutectic M23(B, C)6 and M3(B0.7C0.3) carboborides dissolve into the matrix, and many granular M23(B, C)6 precipitate from the matrix, and the whole matrix transforms into martensite. Microhardness of matrix and macrohardness of quenched B alloyed high speed steel have a slight increase comparing with as-cast sample. Hardness of the B alloyed high speed steel remains constant while tempering temperature is below 550◦C, and then, with increasing temperature, decreases considerably. Impact toughness of the B alloyed high speed steel increases slightly until tempering temperature reaches 525◦C, and then increases considerably. B alloyed high speed steel has higher hardness and has an excellent wear resistance after tempering under 550◦C that can be attributed to the effect of boron. K e y w o r d s: high speed steel for rolling mill roll, B alloyed steel, carboboride, quenching, tempering, hardness, impact toughness","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joining of titanium and its alloys with stainless steel by means of welding methods and obtaining joints characterised by good operation properties constitutes nowadays a significant problem in relation to research and technology. Apart from specialised welding technologies, brazing is one of the basic methods applied for joining these material combinations having diversified physical and chemical properties. Brazing is especially recommendable in the production of systems and heat exchangers for chemical industry as well as subassemblies of nuclear reactors and aircraft engines and accessories. Similarly as in case of welded joints of stainless steel and titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints of the aforesaid materials are connected with the occurrence of hard and brittle intermetallic phases appearing often in the form of continuous layers on braze boundaries. This work reports testing of strength properties and investigation of structures of vacuum-brazed joints of stainless chromium-nickel steel (X6CrNiTi18-10) and titanium (Grade 2) at 820–900◦C for 5–20 min by means of silver brazing filler metals grade B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28), B-Ag68CuSn-730/755 (Ag68Cu28Sn4), and B-Ag65CuSnNi-740/767 (Ag65Cu28Sn5Ni2). Conducted investigation of joint structures indicates brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phase where the test pieces lost their continuity in the shear test. The test results allowed to specify the most convenient brazing parameters of the tested material system from the mechanical properties point of view. Kinetic of creation and development of brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phases in structures of brazed joints will be presented in separate publication. This publication regards only to the results of structural test which are connected with mechanical properties of joints. K e y w o r d s: vacuum brazing, stainless steel, titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints, brazing parameters
{"title":"Mechanical properties of joints of stainless steel and titanium brazed with silver filler material","authors":"A. Winiowski","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_1_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_1_19","url":null,"abstract":"Joining of titanium and its alloys with stainless steel by means of welding methods and obtaining joints characterised by good operation properties constitutes nowadays a significant problem in relation to research and technology. Apart from specialised welding technologies, brazing is one of the basic methods applied for joining these material combinations having diversified physical and chemical properties. Brazing is especially recommendable in the production of systems and heat exchangers for chemical industry as well as subassemblies of nuclear reactors and aircraft engines and accessories. Similarly as in case of welded joints of stainless steel and titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints of the aforesaid materials are connected with the occurrence of hard and brittle intermetallic phases appearing often in the form of continuous layers on braze boundaries. This work reports testing of strength properties and investigation of structures of vacuum-brazed joints of stainless chromium-nickel steel (X6CrNiTi18-10) and titanium (Grade 2) at 820–900◦C for 5–20 min by means of silver brazing filler metals grade B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28), B-Ag68CuSn-730/755 (Ag68Cu28Sn4), and B-Ag65CuSnNi-740/767 (Ag65Cu28Sn5Ni2). Conducted investigation of joint structures indicates brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phase where the test pieces lost their continuity in the shear test. The test results allowed to specify the most convenient brazing parameters of the tested material system from the mechanical properties point of view. Kinetic of creation and development of brittle layers of solid solutions on the base intermetallic phases in structures of brazed joints will be presented in separate publication. This publication regards only to the results of structural test which are connected with mechanical properties of joints. K e y w o r d s: vacuum brazing, stainless steel, titanium, mechanical properties of brazed joints, brazing parameters","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91142447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of mechanical and metallurgical properties of titanium alloys by using laser and GTA","authors":"I. Kilerci, N. S. Köksal","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_5_299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_5_299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper demonstrates submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) of the AA6061-T6 alloy at optimized water head for achieving higher tensile strength. The experiments were conducted based on three factors, three levels, and the Box-Benham design with the full replication technique, which is used to minimize the number of experiments. The three factors considered are the tool rotational speed (rpm), welding speed (mm min−1) and water head (mm). The effect of these factors on the weld of AA6061-T6 was analysed, using response surface methodology (RSM), and a mathematical model was also developed to optimize the submerged friction stir welding process parameters to attain the maximum tensile strength of the joint. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Finally, the temperature distribution and grain size were investigated under the optimized conditions. K e y w o r d s: friction stir welding (FSW), submerged friction stir welding (SFSW), response surface methodology (RSM)
研究了AA6061-T6合金在优化水头下的浸没搅拌摩擦焊接(SFSW)可获得更高的抗拉强度。实验基于三因素、三水平，采用Box-Benham设计，采用全复制技术，尽量减少实验次数。考虑的三个因素是工具转速(rpm)，焊接速度(mm min - 1)和水头(mm)。采用响应面法(RSM)分析了这些因素对AA6061-T6焊缝的影响，并建立了优化搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数的数学模型，以获得最大接头抗拉强度。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。最后，对优化条件下的温度分布和晶粒尺寸进行了研究。介绍了搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)、搅拌浸入式摩擦焊(SFSW)、响应面法(RSM)。
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of submerged friction stir welding parameters for AA6061-T6 alloy using RSM","authors":"C. Rathinasuriyan, V. Senthil","doi":"10.4149/KM_2016_3_297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2016_3_297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) of the AA6061-T6 alloy at optimized water head for achieving higher tensile strength. The experiments were conducted based on three factors, three levels, and the Box-Benham design with the full replication technique, which is used to minimize the number of experiments. The three factors considered are the tool rotational speed (rpm), welding speed (mm min−1) and water head (mm). The effect of these factors on the weld of AA6061-T6 was analysed, using response surface methodology (RSM), and a mathematical model was also developed to optimize the submerged friction stir welding process parameters to attain the maximum tensile strength of the joint. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Finally, the temperature distribution and grain size were investigated under the optimized conditions. K e y w o r d s: friction stir welding (FSW), submerged friction stir welding (SFSW), response surface methodology (RSM)","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90114215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the mechanical enhancement of SiC particles reinforced AZ80 Mg-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs) was investigated. The Mg MMCs were prepared by the melt-stirring technique with addition of 1 wt.% of 4.5 μm SiC particles. Mg MMCs were processed by various heat treatments to change their mechanical properties. The hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of Mg alloy (AZ80) can be improved by adding reinforcement particles (becomes AZ80 MMCs). The 10 h – T6 heat treated AZ80/1wt.%SiC has highest ultimate tensile strength of 256 MPa, which is much higher than 186 MPa of as-cast AZ80. By virtue of addition of only 1 wt.% SiC micro-particles, the strength of as-cast AZ80 increases tremendously (approx. 30 % increase) both for as-cast and T6 heat treated Mg MMCs. K e y w o r d s: metal matrix composites, magnesium alloy, micro-scaled silicon carbide, heat treatment
{"title":"Particle reinforcement of magnesium composites SiCp/AZ80 and their mechanical properties after heat treatment","authors":"S. Huang, C. Li, Kai Yan","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_1_45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_1_45","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the mechanical enhancement of SiC particles reinforced AZ80 Mg-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs) was investigated. The Mg MMCs were prepared by the melt-stirring technique with addition of 1 wt.% of 4.5 μm SiC particles. Mg MMCs were processed by various heat treatments to change their mechanical properties. The hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of Mg alloy (AZ80) can be improved by adding reinforcement particles (becomes AZ80 MMCs). The 10 h – T6 heat treated AZ80/1wt.%SiC has highest ultimate tensile strength of 256 MPa, which is much higher than 186 MPa of as-cast AZ80. By virtue of addition of only 1 wt.% SiC micro-particles, the strength of as-cast AZ80 increases tremendously (approx. 30 % increase) both for as-cast and T6 heat treated Mg MMCs. K e y w o r d s: metal matrix composites, magnesium alloy, micro-scaled silicon carbide, heat treatment","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81925125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminum matrix composites. In the present work, composites of aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.%) of TiC particles were prepared by stir casting technique. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared composites clearly revealed the incorporation of TiC particles without the presence of any other compounds. The microstructures of the composites were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the TiC particles distributed all over the composite and properly bonded to the matrix alloy. Local clusters of TiC particles were also seen in a few places. The result shows that the reinforcement of TiC particles enhances the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and wear resistance of the composite. The details of fracture morphology, worn surface, and wear debris are also presented in this paper. K e y w o r d s: metal matrix composites, stir casting, microstructure, mechanical properties
{"title":"Production and characterization of titanium carbide particulate reinforced AA6061 aluminum alloy composites using stir casting","authors":"J. Moses, I. Dinaharan, S. Sekhar","doi":"10.4149/KM_2016_3_257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2016_3_257","url":null,"abstract":"Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminum matrix composites. In the present work, composites of aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.%) of TiC particles were prepared by stir casting technique. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared composites clearly revealed the incorporation of TiC particles without the presence of any other compounds. The microstructures of the composites were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the TiC particles distributed all over the composite and properly bonded to the matrix alloy. Local clusters of TiC particles were also seen in a few places. The result shows that the reinforcement of TiC particles enhances the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and wear resistance of the composite. The details of fracture morphology, worn surface, and wear debris are also presented in this paper. K e y w o r d s: metal matrix composites, stir casting, microstructure, mechanical properties","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82083511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isothermal oxidation kinetics of laser cladded NiCoCrAl/WC + La2O3 hybrid composite coatings at 700 °C","authors":"P. Ashtari, N. P. Ahmadi, S. Yazdani","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_4_269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_4_269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83311230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper thermal oxidation and electrochemical anodizing processes were used to produce titanium oxide films on titanium alloy and to examine the effects of oxidation on mechanical and corrosion properties. The surface morphology oxide films, thickness and chemical composition of the surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The microhardness of titanium oxide films prepared at different experimental conditions is maintained between 8, 2 GPa and 9, 6 GPa, measured by ultra micro hardness tester. The microhardness increased with temperature and voltage. The values of roughness parameters Rz, Rt and Ra indicate a somewhat less roughness of the anodized samples. The values of the roughness parameter Rk are nearly identical for both groups of samples. The cyclic polarization tests showed that none of the tested samples were susceptible to localized corrosion. The oxide films produced by anodic oxidation on titanium alloy showed a higher corrosion resistance than the ones produced by thermal oxidation.
{"title":"Influence of thermal and electrochemical oxidation on the mechanical and corrosion properties of titanium alloy","authors":"V. Alar, Ž. Alar, S. Jakovljević, B. Runje","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_4_251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_4_251","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper thermal oxidation and electrochemical anodizing processes were used to produce titanium oxide films on titanium alloy and to examine the effects of oxidation on mechanical and corrosion properties. The surface morphology oxide films, thickness and chemical composition of the surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The microhardness of titanium oxide films prepared at different experimental conditions is maintained between 8, 2 GPa and 9, 6 GPa, measured by ultra micro hardness tester. The microhardness increased with temperature and voltage. The values of roughness parameters Rz, Rt and Ra indicate a somewhat less roughness of the anodized samples. The values of the roughness parameter Rk are nearly identical for both groups of samples. The cyclic polarization tests showed that none of the tested samples were susceptible to localized corrosion. The oxide films produced by anodic oxidation on titanium alloy showed a higher corrosion resistance than the ones produced by thermal oxidation.","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84420872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Radović, V. Cvetković, R. A. Edwards, J. Jovićević
{"title":"Al-Cu alloy formation by aluminium underpotential deposition from AlCl3+NaCl melts on copper substrate","authors":"B. Radović, V. Cvetković, R. A. Edwards, J. Jovićević","doi":"10.4149/km_2010_3_159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2010_3_159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87347254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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