The current study deals with the development of floating microspheres of venlafaxine hydrochloride. This drug is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and used to treat depression. Due to the short elimination half life of 4-5 h, the drug has to be administred 2-3 times in a day to maintain the plasma concentration. Thus an attempt was made to decrease the dosing frequency. The microspheres were prepared by non-aqueous solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size and morphology using a photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The incorporation efficiency of microspheres of batch F2 and F6 showed entrapment of 60.6% and 57.2%, respectively. The mean diameters of particles for all batches were found in the range of 226.15 ± 24.37 to 283.37 ± 21.56 μm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed absence of any drug polymer interactions. The microsphers remained buoyant for more than 12 h. The drug release from developed microspheres followed Fickian diffusion with swelling. The results suggested that the developed floating microspheres containing venlafaxine hydrochloride could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, reduce the initial burst release and modulate the drug release.
{"title":"Development and optimization of venlafaxine hydrochloride floating microspheres using response surface plots","authors":"Sachin Kumar, R. Mazumder","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2018.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.65","url":null,"abstract":"The current study deals with the development of floating microspheres of venlafaxine hydrochloride. This drug is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and used to treat depression. Due to the short elimination half life of 4-5 h, the drug has to be administred 2-3 times in a day to maintain the plasma concentration. Thus an attempt was made to decrease the dosing frequency. The microspheres were prepared by non-aqueous solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size and morphology using a photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The incorporation efficiency of microspheres of batch F2 and F6 showed entrapment of 60.6% and 57.2%, respectively. The mean diameters of particles for all batches were found in the range of 226.15 ± 24.37 to 283.37 ± 21.56 μm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed absence of any drug polymer interactions. The microsphers remained buoyant for more than 12 h. The drug release from developed microspheres followed Fickian diffusion with swelling. The results suggested that the developed floating microspheres containing venlafaxine hydrochloride could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, reduce the initial burst release and modulate the drug release.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81656169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and in vitro evaluation of positive-charged solid lipid nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery system in glioblastoma treatment","authors":"G. Akbaba, H. Akbaba, A. G. Kantarci","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2018.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"184 1","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85671203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bhatta, M. S. Hossain, Sujan Banik, Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
Using ramipril as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, the focus of the present study was to fabricate low-cost controlled release tablets using combinations of biopolymer and semi-synthetic polymers. Cellulose derivatives are more viscous where biopolymers form gels more easily. Xanthan gum can’t shape a solid gel, result in fragmentation of gel around the tablets so that depend upon high concentration. Therefore, a combination was used to formulate tablet by direct compression. This combination of polymer provides low cost product with higher potentiality. Ingredients as per formulations were mixed in small polybag through hand blending. Then tablets were compressed one by one tablet in a hydraulic press. Prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, content uniformity, friability, surface pH and in-vitro dissolution studies. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between release data. Swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time was studied to show gastroretention of the tablets. Formulated products exhibit sufficient quality and strength to formulate as a mucoadhesive tablet. Significant differences were found in drug release among different formulations (p ˂0.05) in all cases. Among all of formulations, F11, F12 and F13 containing different ratio of xanthan gum and guar gum showed promising mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time.
{"title":"Swelling and mucoadhesive behavior with drug release characteristics of gastoretentive drug delivery system based on a combination of natural gum and semi-synthetic polymers","authors":"R. Bhatta, M. S. Hossain, Sujan Banik, Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2018.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.66","url":null,"abstract":"Using ramipril as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, the focus of the present study was to fabricate low-cost controlled release tablets using combinations of biopolymer and semi-synthetic polymers. Cellulose derivatives are more viscous where biopolymers form gels more easily. Xanthan gum can’t shape a solid gel, result in fragmentation of gel around the tablets so that depend upon high concentration. Therefore, a combination was used to formulate tablet by direct compression. This combination of polymer provides low cost product with higher potentiality. Ingredients as per formulations were mixed in small polybag through hand blending. Then tablets were compressed one by one tablet in a hydraulic press. Prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, content uniformity, friability, surface pH and in-vitro dissolution studies. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between release data. Swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time was studied to show gastroretention of the tablets. Formulated products exhibit sufficient quality and strength to formulate as a mucoadhesive tablet. Significant differences were found in drug release among different formulations (p ˂0.05) in all cases. Among all of formulations, F11, F12 and F13 containing different ratio of xanthan gum and guar gum showed promising mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"286-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lida Beheshti-Mall, H. Shafaroodi, Zahra Jafariazar, M. Afshar
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition, which has been reclassified as a chronic disease. The spectrum of topical acne treatments has expanded substantially in recent years and various topical medications including topical dapsone are available. Dapsone has special physicochemical properties that make its topical formulation challenging. The aim of this study was preparing a hydrogelthickened microemulsion as a topical delivery system for dapsone. The microemulsions composed of dapsone (5%), isopropyl myristate, tween 80, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethanol and water were prepared. The optimum microemulsion was modified with carbomer 940. Droplet size, pH, refractive index, conductivity, rheology of the optimized formulation, and skin permeation of dapsone through rat skin were evaluated. The optimized formulation significantly increased the skin permeation of dapsone in comparison to that of control gel. Although incorporation of menthol increased the particle size, the flux of microemulgel consisting of menthol (5%) was 2.51 times higher than that of the control. However, the skin absorption of the drug was less than 3%. Six month accelerated studies proved the physicochemical stability of microemulgels. The results of this research indicate that menthol based hydrogelthickened microemulsion system could be a promising vehicle for topical delivery of dapsone.
{"title":"A novel hydrogel-thickened microemulsion of dapsone for acne treatment: Development, characterization, physicochemical stability and ex vivo permeation studies","authors":"Lida Beheshti-Mall, H. Shafaroodi, Zahra Jafariazar, M. Afshar","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2018.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.64","url":null,"abstract":"Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition, which has been reclassified as a chronic disease. The spectrum of topical acne treatments has expanded substantially in recent years and various topical medications including topical dapsone are available. Dapsone has special physicochemical properties that make its topical formulation challenging. The aim of this study was preparing a hydrogelthickened microemulsion as a topical delivery system for dapsone. The microemulsions composed of dapsone (5%), isopropyl myristate, tween 80, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethanol and water were prepared. The optimum microemulsion was modified with carbomer 940. Droplet size, pH, refractive index, conductivity, rheology of the optimized formulation, and skin permeation of dapsone through rat skin were evaluated. The optimized formulation significantly increased the skin permeation of dapsone in comparison to that of control gel. Although incorporation of menthol increased the particle size, the flux of microemulgel consisting of menthol (5%) was 2.51 times higher than that of the control. However, the skin absorption of the drug was less than 3%. Six month accelerated studies proved the physicochemical stability of microemulgels. The results of this research indicate that menthol based hydrogelthickened microemulsion system could be a promising vehicle for topical delivery of dapsone.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87132293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although simulation practice with standard patients became popular in curriculums since years of various countries, it hasn’t been used in the education of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Turkey yet. In this study, it is aimed to conduct a pilot study with standard patients on students in the simulation laboratory for the first time and get feedback of them. This study was conducted with 22 pharmacy technicians, four pharmacy students and four standard patients in 15-16 December 2015. Six scenarios were used. After the study, video recordings of the "student-standard patient interaction" were watched with the students to improve the simulation laboratory and the practices planned to be. The physical properties of the place, the use of body language, issues related to the needs and feelings during practice for the development of training programs has come to fore during the feedback of the students. It is useful to generalize this pilot study in terms of both student groups for starting their profession with communication skills and achieving the golden standards in education.
{"title":"Feedback for a simulation practice on communication skills in pharmacy education: A pilot study","authors":"Elif Deniz, B. Sahne, S. Yeğenoğlu, M. Elcin","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2018.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.69","url":null,"abstract":"Although simulation practice with standard patients became popular in curriculums since years of various countries, it hasn’t been used in the education of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Turkey yet. In this study, it is aimed to conduct a pilot study with standard patients on students in the simulation laboratory for the first time and get feedback of them. This study was conducted with 22 pharmacy technicians, four pharmacy students and four standard patients in 15-16 December 2015. Six scenarios were used. After the study, video recordings of the \"student-standard patient interaction\" were watched with the students to improve the simulation laboratory and the practices planned to be. The physical properties of the place, the use of body language, issues related to the needs and feelings during practice for the development of training programs has come to fore during the feedback of the students. It is useful to generalize this pilot study in terms of both student groups for starting their profession with communication skills and achieving the golden standards in education.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83033019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diclofop-methyl is a selective post-emergence graminicide from the phenoxy propionate group of herbicides to be developed for control of wild oats, millets, and other annual grass weeds. Diclofop-methyl usage is limited in various grass weed species due to its toxic effect and exposure risks. However, total annual usage of is approximately 750.000 pounds in United States, and more in Asia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate diclofopmethyl’s toxic potentials in vitro and the following assays were used; MTT assay for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) for the potential of oxidative damage in mouse embryo fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line. Diclofop-methyl was observed to reduce the cell viability in a concentration manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 301.7 μM. Diclofop-methyl caused DNA damage and oxidative stress at the concentrations between 12.5-400 μM. Tail intensities were at the range of 1.24- 58.21% with increasing concentrations, which are approximately ≤ 1.63-fold of the negative control. Also, MDA levels were increased ≥ ³11.4-fold of the negative control that denotes lipid peroxidation was induced. However, there was no significant increment in the ROS and GSH levels at all concentrations. In view of the fact that ROS has not been detected, despite its level of MDA proffers, the idea that oxidative damage may have been caused by other mechanisms. Our results indicate that diclofopmethyl was cytotoxic, genotoxic and might have oxidative damage potential in vitro conditions.
{"title":"Diclofop-methyl: A phenoxy propionate herbicide with multiple toxic effects in mouse embyro fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line","authors":"M. Çeliksöz, Bahar Ulus, Ezgi Öztaş, G. Özhan","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2017.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2017.26","url":null,"abstract":"Diclofop-methyl is a selective post-emergence graminicide from the phenoxy propionate group of herbicides to be developed for control of wild oats, millets, and other annual grass weeds. Diclofop-methyl usage is limited in various grass weed species due to its toxic effect and exposure risks. However, total annual usage of is approximately 750.000 pounds in United States, and more in Asia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate diclofopmethyl’s toxic potentials in vitro and the following assays were used; MTT assay for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) for the potential of oxidative damage in mouse embryo fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line. Diclofop-methyl was observed to reduce the cell viability in a concentration manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 301.7 μM. Diclofop-methyl caused DNA damage and oxidative stress at the concentrations between 12.5-400 μM. Tail intensities were at the range of 1.24- 58.21% with increasing concentrations, which are approximately ≤ 1.63-fold of the negative control. Also, MDA levels were increased ≥ ³11.4-fold of the negative control that denotes lipid peroxidation was induced. However, there was no significant increment in the ROS and GSH levels at all concentrations. In view of the fact that ROS has not been detected, despite its level of MDA proffers, the idea that oxidative damage may have been caused by other mechanisms. Our results indicate that diclofopmethyl was cytotoxic, genotoxic and might have oxidative damage potential in vitro conditions.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"8 12 1","pages":"992-997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78696374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to assess the effect of honey addition to the antioxidant capacity and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic content of both brewed and soluble coffee. Floral and pine honey were used in the assay. The antioxidant capacities of the samples were evaluated with three different methods: DPPH radical scavenging activity, cupric reducing capacity and total antioxidant capacity tests. In order to measure the antioxidant metabolites of the samples, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were appraised. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation procedure was conducted to mimic the physiochemical and biochemical factors of the gastrointestinal tract. During the digestion process, components in the food matrix are exposed to significant structural changes and certain amount of them are effectively absorbed and reach the circulation. To that end, the importance of studies concerning the simulated gastrointestinal digestion increases. The results of this study revealed that honey addition to coffee samples induced increases in antioxidant capacities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
{"title":"Influence of honey addition on the bioaccessibility of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of different coffee types","authors":"E. Celep, E. Yeşilada","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to assess the effect of honey addition to the antioxidant capacity and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic content of both brewed and soluble coffee. Floral and pine honey were used in the assay. The antioxidant capacities of the samples were evaluated with three different methods: DPPH radical scavenging activity, cupric reducing capacity and total antioxidant capacity tests. In order to measure the antioxidant metabolites of the samples, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were appraised. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation procedure was conducted to mimic the physiochemical and biochemical factors of the gastrointestinal tract. During the digestion process, components in the food matrix are exposed to significant structural changes and certain amount of them are effectively absorbed and reach the circulation. To that end, the importance of studies concerning the simulated gastrointestinal digestion increases. The results of this study revealed that honey addition to coffee samples induced increases in antioxidant capacities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"906-914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78295929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemicals and biological activities of the leaves of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta have been studied. Fractionation and purification of the extracts of M. hosei afforded two triterpenoids, lupenone (1) and β-sitostenone (2) and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone (4). Three triterpenoids characterized as taraxerone (5), taraxerol (6) and β-amyrin (7) were isolated from M. constricta. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported compounds. Biological activities which include antibacterial, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant were also carried out. The antibacterial activities have demonstrated that all extracts and isolated compounds exhibited weak inhibition against the tested bacterial strains with MIC value exceeded 500 μg/mL. Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity using ρ-nitrophenyl-ρ-D-glucopyranosidase on extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. The most potent α-glucosidase activity was exhibited by the petroleum ether extract of M. hosei with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) of 25.3 ppm compared with quercetin (4.5 ppm) and acarbose (12.6 ppm). The antioxidant activity was conducted through DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. All the extracts displayed positive results and the methanol extract of M. hosei displayed the highest scavenging activity with scavenging concentration at 50% (SC50) value of 25.8 ppm. The methanol extract of M. hosei also gave the highest total phenol content with 347.7 mg GAE/g.
{"title":"Phytochemicals and biological activities of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta (Euphorbiaceae)","authors":"W. Salleh, N. D. A. Razak, F. Ahmad","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals and biological activities of the leaves of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta have been studied. Fractionation and purification of the extracts of M. hosei afforded two triterpenoids, lupenone (1) and β-sitostenone (2) and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone (4). Three triterpenoids characterized as taraxerone (5), taraxerol (6) and β-amyrin (7) were isolated from M. constricta. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported compounds. Biological activities which include antibacterial, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant were also carried out. The antibacterial activities have demonstrated that all extracts and isolated compounds exhibited weak inhibition against the tested bacterial strains with MIC value exceeded 500 μg/mL. Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity using ρ-nitrophenyl-ρ-D-glucopyranosidase on extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. The most potent α-glucosidase activity was exhibited by the petroleum ether extract of M. hosei with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) of 25.3 ppm compared with quercetin (4.5 ppm) and acarbose (12.6 ppm). The antioxidant activity was conducted through DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. All the extracts displayed positive results and the methanol extract of M. hosei displayed the highest scavenging activity with scavenging concentration at 50% (SC50) value of 25.8 ppm. The methanol extract of M. hosei also gave the highest total phenol content with 347.7 mg GAE/g.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"881-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89393230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Malekshahi, Shirzad Fallahi, M. Mohseni, M. Almasian
Patients with end stage renal failure consider the pain caused by recurrent fistula cannulations as the most intense stress they experience from their treatment and the biggest concern in their lives. One of the fundamental objectives of the nursing procedures is to relieve this pain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of two topical medications, namely Piroxicam and EMLA cream, on the pain caused by fistula cannulation among hemodialysis patients. This was a clinical trial conducted on 75 patients referring to the dialysis unit of the Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital of Khorramabad, West of Iran, in 2013. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A (Piroxicam), group B (EMLA cream), and group C (placebo). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic information, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and a checklist for the likely side effects of the medications. The severity of pain during fistula cannulation was assessed in the three groups in two stages (before and after the intervention). To analyze the data, the Kruscal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney statistical tests and SPSS 19 were used. The median for pain relief was obviously higher in the EMLA cream group than in either the Piroxicam or the placebo group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Comparing the Piroxicam and the placebo showed that the pain reduction median was much higher in the Piroxicam group than the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. The results of this study showed that the EMLA cream is more effective than the Piroxicam gel in the reduction of pain caused by fistula cannulation among hemodialysis patients. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it can be suggested that the EMLA cream, as a simple treatment method which can be applied by the patient himself/herself, be used to relieve pain during fistula cannulation of hemodialysis patients.
{"title":"Comparison of two topical medications, on pain relief due to fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients","authors":"F. Malekshahi, Shirzad Fallahi, M. Mohseni, M. Almasian","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.23","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with end stage renal failure consider the pain caused by recurrent fistula cannulations as the most intense stress they experience from their treatment and the biggest concern in their lives. One of the fundamental objectives of the nursing procedures is to relieve this pain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of two topical medications, namely Piroxicam and EMLA cream, on the pain caused by fistula cannulation among hemodialysis patients. This was a clinical trial conducted on 75 patients referring to the dialysis unit of the Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital of Khorramabad, West of Iran, in 2013. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A (Piroxicam), group B (EMLA cream), and group C (placebo). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic information, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and a checklist for the likely side effects of the medications. The severity of pain during fistula cannulation was assessed in the three groups in two stages (before and after the intervention). To analyze the data, the Kruscal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney statistical tests and SPSS 19 were used. The median for pain relief was obviously higher in the EMLA cream group than in either the Piroxicam or the placebo group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Comparing the Piroxicam and the placebo showed that the pain reduction median was much higher in the Piroxicam group than the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. The results of this study showed that the EMLA cream is more effective than the Piroxicam gel in the reduction of pain caused by fistula cannulation among hemodialysis patients. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it can be suggested that the EMLA cream, as a simple treatment method which can be applied by the patient himself/herself, be used to relieve pain during fistula cannulation of hemodialysis patients.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"129 1","pages":"1002-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85748901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro anti-adenovirus property, antioxidant potential, and total phenolic content of dried flowers buds of Syzygium aromaticum crude extract. The crud extract was prepared and its anti-adenovirus activity was investigated on HEp2 cell line using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used to determine antioxidant activity, total phenol content, flavonoids and flavonols content of the extract, respectively. Based on results, the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract were 97.66±11.4 and 4.73±1.6 μg/ml, respectively, with the selectivity index (SI) of 20.64. The crud extract inhibited adenovirus replication in post-adsorption step (p<0.05). The extract showed remarkable scavenging activity with IC50 values of 10.05±1.93 μg/ml. Total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol content of the crude extract was 255.8±3.95 mg GAE/g, 63.9±2.35 mg RUT/g and 62±2.35 mg RUT/g, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that S. aromaticum crude extract exhibited anti-adenovirus activity with inhibitory effect on adenovirus replication
{"title":"Anti-adenovirus activity, antioxidant potential, and phenolic content of dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum extract in HEp2 cell line","authors":"M. Moradi, A. Karimi, S. Alidadi, L. Hashemi","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro anti-adenovirus property, antioxidant potential, and total phenolic content of dried flowers buds of Syzygium aromaticum crude extract. The crud extract was prepared and its anti-adenovirus activity was investigated on HEp2 cell line using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used to determine antioxidant activity, total phenol content, flavonoids and flavonols content of the extract, respectively. Based on results, the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract were 97.66±11.4 and 4.73±1.6 μg/ml, respectively, with the selectivity index (SI) of 20.64. The crud extract inhibited adenovirus replication in post-adsorption step (p<0.05). The extract showed remarkable scavenging activity with IC50 values of 10.05±1.93 μg/ml. Total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol content of the crude extract was 255.8±3.95 mg GAE/g, 63.9±2.35 mg RUT/g and 62±2.35 mg RUT/g, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that S. aromaticum crude extract exhibited anti-adenovirus activity with inhibitory effect on adenovirus replication","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"852-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85518294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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