B. Bozkurt, A. Emir, G. Kaya, M. Onur, S. Berkov, J. Bastida, N. Somer
The alkaloid profiles of the aerial parts and the bulbs of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. were analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Totally, twentyeight compounds were detected. Galanthamine and galanthine were found to be the main alkaloids both in the extracts of the aerial parts and the bulbs. Most of the identified compounds were lycorine and galanthamine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor potentials of the extracts prepared from the aerial parts and bulbs were determined by in vitro Ellman’s method and both of the extracts were found to exhibit significant activity (aerial parts: IC50= 0.027 μg/mL and bulbs: IC50= 0.084 μg/mL).
{"title":"Alkaloid profiling of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. by GC-MS and evaluation of its biological activity","authors":"B. Bozkurt, A. Emir, G. Kaya, M. Onur, S. Berkov, J. Bastida, N. Somer","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.12","url":null,"abstract":"The alkaloid profiles of the aerial parts and the bulbs of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. were analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Totally, twentyeight compounds were detected. Galanthamine and galanthine were found to be the main alkaloids both in the extracts of the aerial parts and the bulbs. Most of the identified compounds were lycorine and galanthamine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor potentials of the extracts prepared from the aerial parts and bulbs were determined by in vitro Ellman’s method and both of the extracts were found to exhibit significant activity (aerial parts: IC50= 0.027 μg/mL and bulbs: IC50= 0.084 μg/mL).","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"915-920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77835937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
St John’s wort extract (Hypericum perforatum L. aerial part extract), marigold extract (Calendula officinalis L. flower extract), wheat germ oil (Triticum vulgare Vill. germ oil) and rose oil (Rosa damascena Mill. volatile oil) have antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. In this study, it is aimed to prepare and characterize herbal topical emulsion formulations for skin disorders with these herbal extracts and oils. Initially the compatibility of herbal ingredients was evaluated and the design of formulation as an emulsion was studied. Then decided cream formulations were prepared as o/w type emulsions. The formulations characterized via several parameters such as; macroscopic and microscopic observations, pH, electrical conductivity and rheological measurements. The characterization of prepared three formulations revealed acceptable properties while one of them had better applicability, maintained its macroscopic stability in room conditions for 6 months, had appropriate pH and electrical conductivity values and had pseudoplastic flow properties. As conclusion, a topical emulsion formulation was prepared with appropriate properties.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of herbal emulsion formulations","authors":"S. T. Tanrıverdi, E. A. Yapar","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.2","url":null,"abstract":"St John’s wort extract (Hypericum perforatum L. aerial part extract), marigold extract (Calendula officinalis L. flower extract), wheat germ oil (Triticum vulgare Vill. germ oil) and rose oil (Rosa damascena Mill. volatile oil) have antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. In this study, it is aimed to prepare and characterize herbal topical emulsion formulations for skin disorders with these herbal extracts and oils. Initially the compatibility of herbal ingredients was evaluated and the design of formulation as an emulsion was studied. Then decided cream formulations were prepared as o/w type emulsions. The formulations characterized via several parameters such as; macroscopic and microscopic observations, pH, electrical conductivity and rheological measurements. The characterization of prepared three formulations revealed acceptable properties while one of them had better applicability, maintained its macroscopic stability in room conditions for 6 months, had appropriate pH and electrical conductivity values and had pseudoplastic flow properties. As conclusion, a topical emulsion formulation was prepared with appropriate properties.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"756-761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86015062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Son yillarda, Avrupa Birligi ve Dunya Saglik Orgutu saglik politikalarina uyum saglamak ve ulkemizdeki saglik hizmeti maliyetlerini dusurmek adina yeni yasal duzenlemeler gerceklestirilmistir. Bu duzenlemeler eczane ekonomilerini olumsuz yonde etkilemistir. Eczacilar ise isletmelerini ayakta tutabilmek adina, cok sayida dissal etkenle mucadele etmek zorunda kalmistir. Bu calisma, serbest eczane ekonomilerine etkili; benzer urun saticilari, medya, tuketici ozellikleri, SGK ve Devlet politikalari gibi dissal faktorlerin etki duzeyleri hakkinda eczaci goruslerini saptamak amaciyla, Izmir’de gonullu 131 serbest eczaciya 30 sorudan olusan bir anketin yuz yuze uygulanmasiyla gerceklestirilmistir. Veriler, SPSS 18 Paket Programi kullanilarak frekans, yuzde dagilim ve ki-kare testi ile degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan eczacilarin, %82,4’unun en onemli urun alicisi Sosyal Guvenlik Kurumu ve receteli ilac satisina etkili en onemli dissal faktorun saglik ve ilac politikalari (%96,2) oldugu saptanmistir. Ancak, eczacilarin tamamina yakini (%97) son yillarda ilactan elde edilen kazanc azalinca ilac disi urunlere yonelimin arttigini, bunun da eczane ekonomilerinin dissal faktorlerden etkilenme duzeyini artirdigini dusunmektedir. Reklamlar (%38,9) ve tuketici ozellikleri (%33,6) ise recetesiz urun satisina en cok etki eden baslica dissal faktorler olarak saptanmistir. Serbest eczane ekonomilerine etki eden dissal faktorlerin etkisinin azaltilarak eczanelerin toplum sagligina katkisinin artirilabilmesi icin arastirmaya katilan eczacilarin %88,5’inin devletin saglik-ilac politikalarinda serbest eczane ekonomisini destekleyecek duzenlemelerin yapilmasini gerekli gordukleri, bunun icin toplum sagligina etkili urunlerin sadece eczanede satilmasi basta olmak uzere tuketicilerin bilinclendirilmesi vb. uygulamalarin ivedilikle yasama gecirilmesi gerektigini dusundukleri saptanmistir.
{"title":"Serbest eczane ekonomilerine etkili dışsal faktörlerin etki düzeyleri hakkındaki eczacı görüşleri","authors":"Bülent Kiran, E. Karaca, Duygu Ülkar","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.25","url":null,"abstract":"Son yillarda, Avrupa Birligi ve Dunya Saglik Orgutu saglik politikalarina uyum saglamak ve ulkemizdeki saglik hizmeti maliyetlerini dusurmek adina yeni yasal duzenlemeler gerceklestirilmistir. Bu duzenlemeler eczane ekonomilerini olumsuz yonde etkilemistir. Eczacilar ise isletmelerini ayakta tutabilmek adina, cok sayida dissal etkenle mucadele etmek zorunda kalmistir. Bu calisma, serbest eczane ekonomilerine etkili; benzer urun saticilari, medya, tuketici ozellikleri, SGK ve Devlet politikalari gibi dissal faktorlerin etki duzeyleri hakkinda eczaci goruslerini saptamak amaciyla, Izmir’de gonullu 131 serbest eczaciya 30 sorudan olusan bir anketin yuz yuze uygulanmasiyla gerceklestirilmistir. Veriler, SPSS 18 Paket Programi kullanilarak frekans, yuzde dagilim ve ki-kare testi ile degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan eczacilarin, %82,4’unun en onemli urun alicisi Sosyal Guvenlik Kurumu ve receteli ilac satisina etkili en onemli dissal faktorun saglik ve ilac politikalari (%96,2) oldugu saptanmistir. Ancak, eczacilarin tamamina yakini (%97) son yillarda ilactan elde edilen kazanc azalinca ilac disi urunlere yonelimin arttigini, bunun da eczane ekonomilerinin dissal faktorlerden etkilenme duzeyini artirdigini dusunmektedir. Reklamlar (%38,9) ve tuketici ozellikleri (%33,6) ise recetesiz urun satisina en cok etki eden baslica dissal faktorler olarak saptanmistir. Serbest eczane ekonomilerine etki eden dissal faktorlerin etkisinin azaltilarak eczanelerin toplum sagligina katkisinin artirilabilmesi icin arastirmaya katilan eczacilarin %88,5’inin devletin saglik-ilac politikalarinda serbest eczane ekonomisini destekleyecek duzenlemelerin yapilmasini gerekli gordukleri, bunun icin toplum sagligina etkili urunlerin sadece eczanede satilmasi basta olmak uzere tuketicilerin bilinclendirilmesi vb. uygulamalarin ivedilikle yasama gecirilmesi gerektigini dusundukleri saptanmistir.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1015-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76475021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are used to the treatment and prevention of many of metabolic, degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases which is considered one of the global health problems. The present study aimed to screen anti-lipase effect of Portulaca oleracea, Urtica urens, Brassica napus and Lathyrus hierosolymitanus traditional Palestinian medicinal wild plants. Anti-lipase activity was measured by using porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory test which was established by using the UV-visible spectrophotometer method, while orlistat (anti-obesity drug) was used as a positive control reference. The porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect for organic and aqueous extracts of Urtica urens were 157 μg/ml and 157.1 μg/ml, respectively. While the anti-lipase IC50 value for the organic extract of P. oleracea was 262.03 μg/ml. In addition, the aqueous extracts of Brassica napus and Portulaca oleracea have anti-lipase activity with the IC50 values 296.87 μg/ml and 417.62 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, Lathyrus hierosolymitanus both aqueous and organic extracts were almost inactive. The results showed that Urtica urens, Portulaca oleracea, and Brassica napus have anti-lipase activity, which provided evidence for their folkloric use as functional food and medicine. These three plants could be used as antilipase agents in the pharmaceutical and nutritional industries or may be used as fatty food additives in order to decrease the absorption and digestion of fats from food.
{"title":"Anti-lipase activity for Portulaca oleracea, Urtica urens, Brassica napus and Lathyrus hierosolymitanus wild plants from Palestine","authors":"N. Jaradat, A. Zaid, Eyass Zuhair Zaghal","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.9","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are used to the treatment and prevention of many of metabolic, degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases which is considered one of the global health problems. The present study aimed to screen anti-lipase effect of Portulaca oleracea, Urtica urens, Brassica napus and Lathyrus hierosolymitanus traditional Palestinian medicinal wild plants. Anti-lipase activity was measured by using porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory test which was established by using the UV-visible spectrophotometer method, while orlistat (anti-obesity drug) was used as a positive control reference. The porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect for organic and aqueous extracts of Urtica urens were 157 μg/ml and 157.1 μg/ml, respectively. While the anti-lipase IC50 value for the organic extract of P. oleracea was 262.03 μg/ml. In addition, the aqueous extracts of Brassica napus and Portulaca oleracea have anti-lipase activity with the IC50 values 296.87 μg/ml and 417.62 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, Lathyrus hierosolymitanus both aqueous and organic extracts were almost inactive. The results showed that Urtica urens, Portulaca oleracea, and Brassica napus have anti-lipase activity, which provided evidence for their folkloric use as functional food and medicine. These three plants could be used as antilipase agents in the pharmaceutical and nutritional industries or may be used as fatty food additives in order to decrease the absorption and digestion of fats from food.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"920 1","pages":"828-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85532197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of in situ hydrogel systems for vaginal drug delivery is an important strategy in the treatment of vaginitis. The aim of this study was to develop in situ vaginal hyrogels for benzydamine hydrochloride (BNZ) which were composed of poloxamer and chitosan. The reason for development of these hydrogels was to obtain a vaginal delivery system with improved mechanical and mucoadhesive properties that could provide prolonged retention time for the treatment of vaginits. The hydrogels were also designed for once a day dosage of the drug and to obtain a controlled release of the BNZ. For this purpose BNZ containing hydrogel formulations using thermosensitive polymer (Poloxamer 407) and mucoadhesive polymer (Chitosan H, Chitosan M and Chitosan L) were developed. The hydrogels are composed of polymers which have promising potential for vaginal delivery systems. These formulations were evaluated by rheology, texture, mucoadhesive profiles and drug diffusion with a Franz diffusion cell. It was observed that the diffusion of BNZ from the in situ poloxamer-chitosan hydrogel was more sustained and controlled than with the poloxamer gel. The hydrogel formulations diffused about 65.3±5.1, 80.6±3.8, 88.1±7.3 and 100.4±4.8% of BNZ at 6h. The formulation containing Poloxamer 407 and Chitosan H has the best controlled release profile and mucoadhesive properties, results which indicate that it could suitable for use once a day on the vaginal route. Moreover, the hydrogels higher mucoadhesion exhibited by this formulation prolongs the drug residence time compared with the poloxamer gel and may increase the BNZ efficacy. These BNZ mucoadhesive vaginal hydrogel formulations may be a promising alternative to conventional dosage forms for vaginal topical therapy.
{"title":"Development of in situ poloxamer-chitosan hydrogels for vaginal drug delivery of benzydamine hydrochloride: Textural, mucoadhesive and in vitro release properties","authors":"F. Tuğcu-Demiröz","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.3","url":null,"abstract":"The use of in situ hydrogel systems for vaginal drug delivery is an important strategy in the treatment of vaginitis. The aim of this study was to develop in situ vaginal hyrogels for benzydamine hydrochloride (BNZ) which were composed of poloxamer and chitosan. The reason for development of these hydrogels was to obtain a vaginal delivery system with improved mechanical and mucoadhesive properties that could provide prolonged retention time for the treatment of vaginits. The hydrogels were also designed for once a day dosage of the drug and to obtain a controlled release of the BNZ. For this purpose BNZ containing hydrogel formulations using thermosensitive polymer (Poloxamer 407) and mucoadhesive polymer (Chitosan H, Chitosan M and Chitosan L) were developed. The hydrogels are composed of polymers which have promising potential for vaginal delivery systems. These formulations were evaluated by rheology, texture, mucoadhesive profiles and drug diffusion with a Franz diffusion cell. It was observed that the diffusion of BNZ from the in situ poloxamer-chitosan hydrogel was more sustained and controlled than with the poloxamer gel. The hydrogel formulations diffused about 65.3±5.1, 80.6±3.8, 88.1±7.3 and 100.4±4.8% of BNZ at 6h. The formulation containing Poloxamer 407 and Chitosan H has the best controlled release profile and mucoadhesive properties, results which indicate that it could suitable for use once a day on the vaginal route. Moreover, the hydrogels higher mucoadhesion exhibited by this formulation prolongs the drug residence time compared with the poloxamer gel and may increase the BNZ efficacy. These BNZ mucoadhesive vaginal hydrogel formulations may be a promising alternative to conventional dosage forms for vaginal topical therapy.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"762-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86024376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormoz Mahmoudvand, A. Talaeizadeh, Hojatallah Shahbazian, K. Anbari, S. Jahanbakhsh, Sedigheh Nadri
Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent and malignant gastrointestinal cancer and the fourth most common cancer around the world. Selection of the treatment method is based on the staging of the disease. The aim of this interventional study is to investigate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on local recurrence, distant metastases, and three-year disease-free lifespan in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. This study conducted between 2001 and 2007 involved 40 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Subsequent to surgery, the adjuvant chemotherapy was performed employing the FOLFOX4 diet therapy; the patients were further examined every 3 months using tumor marker counts, sonography, CT scan and colonoscopy for identification of any local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, at the end of the third year and after chemotherapy, the rates of local recurrence, metastasis and survival of the patients were investigated. The present study was conducted on 40 patients, 23 of whom were male and the rest were female. After three years of follow-up, 2 patients had local recurrence and 7 patients had distant metastasis. All of the patients survived throughout the three-year follow-up period. In this study, the adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colorectal cancer led to significant overall survival and three-year diseasefree survival.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colorectal cancers","authors":"Hormoz Mahmoudvand, A. Talaeizadeh, Hojatallah Shahbazian, K. Anbari, S. Jahanbakhsh, Sedigheh Nadri","doi":"10.12991/mpj.2017.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2017.22","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent and malignant gastrointestinal cancer and the fourth most common cancer around the world. Selection of the treatment method is based on the staging of the disease. The aim of this interventional study is to investigate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on local recurrence, distant metastases, and three-year disease-free lifespan in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. This study conducted between 2001 and 2007 involved 40 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Subsequent to surgery, the adjuvant chemotherapy was performed employing the FOLFOX4 diet therapy; the patients were further examined every 3 months using tumor marker counts, sonography, CT scan and colonoscopy for identification of any local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, at the end of the third year and after chemotherapy, the rates of local recurrence, metastasis and survival of the patients were investigated. The present study was conducted on 40 patients, 23 of whom were male and the rest were female. After three years of follow-up, 2 patients had local recurrence and 7 patients had distant metastasis. All of the patients survived throughout the three-year follow-up period. In this study, the adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colorectal cancer led to significant overall survival and three-year diseasefree survival.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"998-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82025788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebru Deveci, Gülsen Tel‐Çayan, H. Yıldırım, M. Duru
The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities of essential oil, hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. The essential oil and fatty acid composition were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. δ-Cadinene (19.5 %), T-cadinol (16.7 %) and β-cubebene (10.4 %) were identified as the main compounds of the essential oil whereas the most abundant compounds of fatty acids were found as linolenic (42.7 %), palmitic (31.3 %) and linoleic (13.4%) acids. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in all tests, except for metal chelating assay. The hexane extract was found to be significantly active in metal chelating (IC50: 22.97±1.36 μg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (62.54±0.88 %) and urease inhibitory (78.93±0.17 %) assays. These results show that the Sideritis pisidica could be used as the potential source of natural products in the food and pharmaceutical areas.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities of Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. endemic to Turkey","authors":"Ebru Deveci, Gülsen Tel‐Çayan, H. Yıldırım, M. Duru","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities of essential oil, hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. The essential oil and fatty acid composition were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. δ-Cadinene (19.5 %), T-cadinol (16.7 %) and β-cubebene (10.4 %) were identified as the main compounds of the essential oil whereas the most abundant compounds of fatty acids were found as linolenic (42.7 %), palmitic (31.3 %) and linoleic (13.4%) acids. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in all tests, except for metal chelating assay. The hexane extract was found to be significantly active in metal chelating (IC50: 22.97±1.36 μg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (62.54±0.88 %) and urease inhibitory (78.93±0.17 %) assays. These results show that the Sideritis pisidica could be used as the potential source of natural products in the food and pharmaceutical areas.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"898-905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75862478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh, N. Sazali, F. Ahmad, M. Taher
The phytochemical and biological activity of the leaves and stem barks of Garcinia griffithii have been investigated. Extraction and chromatographic purification of the leaves and stem barks extracts have successfully afforded five biflavonoids namely amento- 4’’-methylether (1), 3,8’’-binaringenin (2), morelloflavone (3), 3,8’’-binaringenin-7’’-O-glucoside (4) and morelloflavone-7’’-Oglucoside (5), together with squalene (6), canophyllol (7), friedelin (8) and β-amyrin (9) which were characterized spectroscopically. All extracts and phytochemicals were tested for antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant assay on DPPH radical scavenging showed that the n-hexane extract of the stem barks had the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 96.4 μg/mL, while compound (3) was found to be the strongest antioxidant compound with IC50 value of 57.6 μg/mL. The methanol extract of the leaves showed the highest total phenolic content with 444.1 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 423.1 mg/g of cathechin equivalent (CE/L). The extracts and all compounds were found to have weak antityrosinase activity. The antimicrobial assays of all the extracts were carried out by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The methanol extract of the leaves showed the most significant antimicrobial activity towards E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae with MIC and MBC value ranged between 225-450 μg/mL compared to the other extracts.
{"title":"Biflavonoids from the leaves and stem bark of Garcinia griffithii and their biological activities","authors":"Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh, N. Sazali, F. Ahmad, M. Taher","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.27","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical and biological activity of the leaves and stem barks of Garcinia griffithii have been investigated. Extraction and chromatographic purification of the leaves and stem barks extracts have successfully afforded five biflavonoids namely amento- 4’’-methylether (1), 3,8’’-binaringenin (2), morelloflavone (3), 3,8’’-binaringenin-7’’-O-glucoside (4) and morelloflavone-7’’-Oglucoside (5), together with squalene (6), canophyllol (7), friedelin (8) and β-amyrin (9) which were characterized spectroscopically. All extracts and phytochemicals were tested for antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant assay on DPPH radical scavenging showed that the n-hexane extract of the stem barks had the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 96.4 μg/mL, while compound (3) was found to be the strongest antioxidant compound with IC50 value of 57.6 μg/mL. The methanol extract of the leaves showed the highest total phenolic content with 444.1 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 423.1 mg/g of cathechin equivalent (CE/L). The extracts and all compounds were found to have weak antityrosinase activity. The antimicrobial assays of all the extracts were carried out by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The methanol extract of the leaves showed the most significant antimicrobial activity towards E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae with MIC and MBC value ranged between 225-450 μg/mL compared to the other extracts.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"889-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85618180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revika Rachmaniar, C. Panatarani, I. Joni, Marline Abdasah, T. Rusdiana
Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with high permeability and low solubility. The aims of this research is to improve the solubility and dissolution of the IBU by reducing particle size using ultrasonic spray drying method and utilizing watersoluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) and surfactant (sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)) for particles formulation. The results showed that increasing amount of PVA, smaller particle size of as-prepared IBU-PVA-SLS was obtained, 6.3-fold smaller than untreated IBU. The in vitro drug release study for simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (0.1 N HCl or Buffer pH 1.2) shows the dissolution of prepared IBU-PVA-SLS significantly increase 2.4-fold higher than untreated IBU for dissolution time of 30 minutes. While the solubility of the IBU-PVA-SLS was increased 4.7-fold compare to untreated IBU. In general, IBU possessing relatively high dissolution in intestinal fluid. In contrast, the finding of recent investigation on dissolution of IBU-PVA-SLS is significantly increase in gastric fluid, either due to smaller particles size or PVA-SLS. Thus, despite the PVA and SLS determine the particles formation during polymerization yielding smaller particle size, they also responsible for effective drug delivery system. It was concluded that PVA and SLS in ultrasonic spray drying technique for IBU preparation successfully reduces the particle size and effectively enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble IBU in 0.1 N HCl.
布洛芬(Ibuprofen, IBU)是最常用的高通透性、低溶解度的非甾体类抗炎药之一。本研究的目的是通过超声波喷雾干燥法减小颗粒尺寸，利用水溶性聚合物(聚乙烯醇(PVA))和表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS))进行颗粒配方，提高IBU的溶解度和溶解度。结果表明，随着PVA添加量的增加，制备的IBU-PVA- sls的粒径变小，比未处理的IBU小6.3倍。无酶模拟胃液(0.1 N HCl或缓冲液pH 1.2)体外药物释放研究表明，在溶出时间为30分钟时，制备的IBU- pva - sls的溶出度比未处理的IBU显著提高2.4倍。与未治疗的IBU相比，IBU- pva - sls的溶解度提高了4.7倍。一般来说，IBU在肠液中具有较高的溶出度。相比之下，最近对IBU-PVA-SLS溶出的研究发现，胃液中IBU-PVA-SLS的溶出明显增加，这可能是由于颗粒尺寸较小或PVA-SLS所致。因此，尽管PVA和SLS在聚合过程中决定了颗粒的形成，产生更小的颗粒尺寸，但它们也负责有效的药物输送系统。综上所述，PVA和SLS在制备IBU的超声波喷雾干燥技术中成功地减小了IBU的粒径，有效地提高了难水溶性IBU在0.1 N HCl中的溶解度和溶解速率。
{"title":"Enhancement of solubility and dissolution of ibuprofen microparticle prepared by ultrasonic spray drying","authors":"Revika Rachmaniar, C. Panatarani, I. Joni, Marline Abdasah, T. Rusdiana","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with high permeability and low solubility. The aims of this research is to improve the solubility and dissolution of the IBU by reducing particle size using ultrasonic spray drying method and utilizing watersoluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) and surfactant (sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)) for particles formulation. The results showed that increasing amount of PVA, smaller particle size of as-prepared IBU-PVA-SLS was obtained, 6.3-fold smaller than untreated IBU. The in vitro drug release study for simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (0.1 N HCl or Buffer pH 1.2) shows the dissolution of prepared IBU-PVA-SLS significantly increase 2.4-fold higher than untreated IBU for dissolution time of 30 minutes. While the solubility of the IBU-PVA-SLS was increased 4.7-fold compare to untreated IBU. In general, IBU possessing relatively high dissolution in intestinal fluid. In contrast, the finding of recent investigation on dissolution of IBU-PVA-SLS is significantly increase in gastric fluid, either due to smaller particles size or PVA-SLS. Thus, despite the PVA and SLS determine the particles formation during polymerization yielding smaller particle size, they also responsible for effective drug delivery system. It was concluded that PVA and SLS in ultrasonic spray drying technique for IBU preparation successfully reduces the particle size and effectively enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble IBU in 0.1 N HCl.","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"783-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83651419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonea Medik. species are represented worldwide by about 35 species and represented by 23 species in Turkey. Nonea species are commonly known as Sormuk otu and some species use as folk medicine; aerial parts prepared as porridge are used for wound healing and internally for stomachache in Turkey. In this study stem and leaf anatomy of the endemic Nonea dumanii Bilgili & Selvi species (Boraginaceae) was investigated. In the cross section of stem, cortex has 2-3 layers collenchymatic cells and multilayered parenchymatic cells. Epidermis contains glandular and eglandular trichomes on stem and leaf. Xylem is composed of sclerenchymatic cells and tracheary elements in vascular bundles. The pith is composed of parenchymatical cells. Stomata are anomocytic and amphistomatic in leaves. The sizes of stomata in abaxial surface are bigger than the sizes of stomata in adaxial surface, also stomata index of abaxial surface is bigger than in adaxial surface. Minor bundles are surrounded by one layered parenchymatic sheat in leaf. Palisade tissue is existing on both side of leaf (isobilateral). Spongy tissue
{"title":"Anatomical investigations of Nonea dumanii (Boraginaceae)","authors":"Y. Yeşil","doi":"10.12991/MPJ.2017.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12991/MPJ.2017.5","url":null,"abstract":"Nonea Medik. species are represented worldwide by about 35 species and represented by 23 species in Turkey. Nonea species are commonly known as Sormuk otu and some species use as folk medicine; aerial parts prepared as porridge are used for wound healing and internally for stomachache in Turkey. In this study stem and leaf anatomy of the endemic Nonea dumanii Bilgili & Selvi species (Boraginaceae) was investigated. In the cross section of stem, cortex has 2-3 layers collenchymatic cells and multilayered parenchymatic cells. Epidermis contains glandular and eglandular trichomes on stem and leaf. Xylem is composed of sclerenchymatic cells and tracheary elements in vascular bundles. The pith is composed of parenchymatical cells. Stomata are anomocytic and amphistomatic in leaves. The sizes of stomata in abaxial surface are bigger than the sizes of stomata in adaxial surface, also stomata index of abaxial surface is bigger than in adaxial surface. Minor bundles are surrounded by one layered parenchymatic sheat in leaf. Palisade tissue is existing on both side of leaf (isobilateral). Spongy tissue","PeriodicalId":18529,"journal":{"name":"Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"PP 1","pages":"804-809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84547644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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