The second quarter 2018 issue of Choices focused on the current trade war between the United States and China. The authors of this theme explained the state of the conflict at the time of publication (May 2018) and detailed some of the likely impacts of Chinese tariffs on U.S. agricultural exports levied in response to U.S. tariffs on Chinese exports to the United States. Zheng et al. (2018); Taheripour and Tyner (2018); Hansen et al. (2018); Liu, Robinson, and Shurley (2018); and Countryman and Muhammad (2018) predicted dramatic effects for U.S. production and trade of commodities such as soybeans, corn, sorghum, and other food and feed grains; cotton; and wine. The first exchange of tariffs between the United States and China occurred in early 2018 and was followed by a second round in April (Marchant and Wang, 2018).
《选择》2018年第二季度关注的是当前中美之间的贸易战。本主题的作者在出版时(2018年5月)解释了冲突的状态，并详细介绍了中国对美国农产品出口征收关税的一些可能影响，以回应美国对中国对美出口征收的关税。郑等(2018);Taheripour and Tyner (2018);Hansen et al. (2018);Liu, Robinson, and Shurley (2018);Countryman和Muhammad(2018)预测，大豆、玉米、高粱和其他食品和饲料谷物等大宗商品的生产和贸易将受到巨大影响;棉花;和葡萄酒。美国和中国之间的第一次关税交换发生在2018年初，随后在4月进行了第二轮关税交换(Marchant和Wang, 2018)。
{"title":"The Impact of the Market Facilitation Program on U.S. Soybean, Sorghum and Corn Producers","authors":"A. Giri, Wesley F. Peterson, Sankalp Sharma","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.281159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.281159","url":null,"abstract":"The second quarter 2018 issue of Choices focused on the current trade war between the United States and China. The authors of this theme explained the state of the conflict at the time of publication (May 2018) and detailed some of the likely impacts of Chinese tariffs on U.S. agricultural exports levied in response to U.S. tariffs on Chinese exports to the United States. Zheng et al. (2018); Taheripour and Tyner (2018); Hansen et al. (2018); Liu, Robinson, and Shurley (2018); and Countryman and Muhammad (2018) predicted dramatic effects for U.S. production and trade of commodities such as soybeans, corn, sorghum, and other food and feed grains; cotton; and wine. The first exchange of tariffs between the United States and China occurred in early 2018 and was followed by a second round in April (Marchant and Wang, 2018).","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126800557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Feng, D. Hennessy, Yanan Jia, M. McKendree, C. Wolf
Consolidation in the U.S. dairy industry, as in other agricultural industries, has long been recognized. Through surveying dairy farmers facing persistently low milk prices, we found a generally negative outlook and an ongoing trend of “get big or get out” characterized by a bias toward capital away from labor.
{"title":"Dairy Sector Consolidation, Scale, Automation and Factor Biased Technical Change: Working through “Get Big or Get Out”","authors":"H. Feng, D. Hennessy, Yanan Jia, M. McKendree, C. Wolf","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.279863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.279863","url":null,"abstract":"Consolidation in the U.S. dairy industry, as in other agricultural industries, has long been recognized. Through surveying dairy farmers facing persistently low milk prices, we found a generally negative outlook and an ongoing trend of “get big or get out” characterized by a bias toward capital away from labor.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121204988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If China imposes a 25% tariff on U.S. agricultural products, after multi-year adjustments, U.S. exports of soybeans to China will drop 69%, costing the United States and China each $2.5 billion annually. With this tariff, Brazil will export 27% more soybeans to China and annually gain $2.1 billion.
{"title":"Impacts of Possible Chinese 25% Tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities","authors":"F. Taheripour, W. Tyner","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.273330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.273330","url":null,"abstract":"If China imposes a 25% tariff on U.S. agricultural products, after multi-year adjustments, U.S. exports of soybeans to China will drop 69%, costing the United States and China each $2.5 billion annually. With this tariff, Brazil will export 27% more soybeans to China and annually gain $2.1 billion.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124653636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In April 2018, China proposed import tariffs up to 25% on hundreds of U.S. products, including soybeans, cotton, sorghum, and pork. We analyze the potential impact of these tariffs on U.S. domestic prices, production, and economic welfare. U.S. exports to China could decrease as much as 83%.
{"title":"Predicting potential impacts of China’s retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. farm sector","authors":"Yuqing Zheng, D. Wood, H. Wang, Jason P. H. Jones","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.273329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.273329","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2018, China proposed import tariffs up to 25% on hundreds of U.S. products, including soybeans, cotton, sorghum, and pork. We analyze the potential impact of these tariffs on U.S. domestic prices, production, and economic welfare. U.S. exports to China could decrease as much as 83%.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130563550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the support ecosystem for entrepreneurs in regional food networks. It systematizes these support activities by categorizing them by geography and services offered. Recommendations are then offered including a system matrix that network coordinators may use to map, manage, and direct support activities.
{"title":"The Support Ecosystem for Regional Food Network Entrepreneurship","authors":"T. Lyons, Michael Lee","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.272495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.272495","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the support ecosystem for entrepreneurs in regional food networks. It systematizes these support activities by categorizing them by geography and services offered. Recommendations are then offered including a system matrix that network coordinators may use to map, manage, and direct support activities.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122528842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By examining China’s past strategies, we show that China’s trade retaliation responses follow three principles: responding proportionally with restraint, targeting products that are substitutable, and inflicting economic and political costs. We discuss China’s recent and ongoing trade retaliations in light of these principles.
{"title":"What Have We Learned from China’s Past Trade Retaliation Strategies?","authors":"Minghao Li, Wendong Zhang, C. Hart","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.272165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.272165","url":null,"abstract":"By examining China’s past strategies, we show that China’s trade retaliation responses follow three principles: responding proportionally with restraint, targeting products that are substitutable, and inflicting economic and political costs. We discuss China’s recent and ongoing trade retaliations in light of these principles.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging nutrient management and perennial crop technologies have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural production. We discuss challenges for designing cost-effective conservation policy and directions for future research, including the role of information technologies, site-specific management and systems analysis to inform science-based conservation policy design.
{"title":"Nexus between Food, Energy and Ecosystem Services in the Mississippi River Basin: Policy Implications and Challenges","authors":"M. Khanna","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.265833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.265833","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging nutrient management and perennial crop technologies have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural production. We discuss challenges for designing cost-effective conservation policy and directions for future research, including the role of information technologies, site-specific management and systems analysis to inform science-based conservation policy design.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Latin America’s dynamic brewing industry has interesting growth potential for investors and consumers. Regional income growth and the shrinking gap in per capita consumption as compared to the rest of the world are driving rapid expansion in craft beer production.
{"title":"The Craft Brewing Industry in Latin America","authors":"Daniel Toro-González","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.261901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.261901","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America’s dynamic brewing industry has interesting growth potential for investors and consumers. Regional income growth and the shrinking gap in per capita consumption as compared to the rest of the world are driving rapid expansion in craft beer production.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131286876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food security is a primary policy priority in China, and has traditionally been the focal point of policies regarding agricultural and rural development. Understanding the evolution of food security policy in China is the key to understanding its current and potential future role in world food markets.
{"title":"Food Security in China from a Global Perspective","authors":"Funing Zhong, Jing Zhu","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.257826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.257826","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is a primary policy priority in China, and has traditionally been the focal point of policies regarding agricultural and rural development. Understanding the evolution of food security policy in China is the key to understanding its current and potential future role in world food markets.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126506557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in biotechnology are generating new tools for pest and disease control in agriculture. One such technology, the gene drive, potentially allows humans to eliminate or alter entire pest populations using new genetic engineering tools. But with these potential benefits come risks and regulatory questions.
{"title":"Economic, Regulatory and International Implications of Gene Drives in Agriculture","authors":"Z. Brown","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.258006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.258006","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in biotechnology are generating new tools for pest and disease control in agriculture. One such technology, the gene drive, potentially allows humans to eliminate or alter entire pest populations using new genetic engineering tools. But with these potential benefits come risks and regulatory questions.","PeriodicalId":185368,"journal":{"name":"Choices. The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132860822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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