Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220504143153
L R Amruth Kumar
{"title":"Exploring therapeutic potential of plga nanoparticles in oncotherapeutics","authors":"L R Amruth Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220504143153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220504143153","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48494678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220330014428
A. Z. Goharrizi, G. Alahyarizadeh
Among the parameters that play an important role in describing the performance of many devices is carrier mobility which is a criterion for the easy movement in semiconductor crystals. The effect of carrier mobility on the performance characteristics of InGaN quantum well vertical cavity surface-emitting laser was analytically investigated. By solving the Poisson’s equation, current density equation, charge concentration continuity equation and carrier and photon rate equations, the variation of current density and carrier density with respect to the position and time and the effects of carrier mobility and temperature on these parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of mobility on the variation of output power versus the injection current and on the time variation of photon and carrier density and output power was investigated. By increasing the carrier mobility, the threshold current reduced and the output power increased. In studying the effect of temperature on the desired parameters, the variation of carrier density with respect to time and position was affected by the temperature change. This phenomenon is due to the dependence of these parameters on the diffusion coefficients and consequently on the mobility of the carriers and the dependence of mobility on temperature. The threshold current was reduced when the electron mobility rises due to the increased accumulation of carriers and consequently the increase of carrier recombination. The output power increased, and the time delay to accrue the laser decreased. Consequently, the carrier recombination increased, further resulting in a rapid laser operation.
{"title":"The Investigation of Carrier Mobility Effect on the Performance Characteristics of the InGaN-Based Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) by Solving the Rate Equations","authors":"A. Z. Goharrizi, G. Alahyarizadeh","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220330014428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220330014428","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Among the parameters that play an important role in describing the performance of many devices is carrier mobility which is a criterion for the easy movement in semiconductor crystals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effect of carrier mobility on the performance characteristics of InGaN quantum well vertical cavity surface-emitting laser was analytically investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By solving the Poisson’s equation, current density equation, charge concentration continuity equation and carrier and photon rate equations, the variation of current density and carrier density with respect to the position and time and the effects of carrier mobility and temperature on these parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of mobility on the variation of output power versus the injection current and on the time variation of photon and carrier density and output power was investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By increasing the carrier mobility, the threshold current reduced and the output power increased. In studying the effect of temperature on the desired parameters, the variation of carrier density with respect to time and position was affected by the temperature change. This phenomenon is due to the dependence of these parameters on the diffusion coefficients and consequently on the mobility of the carriers and the dependence of mobility on temperature.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The threshold current was reduced when the electron mobility rises due to the increased accumulation of carriers and consequently the increase of carrier recombination. The output power increased, and the time delay to accrue the laser decreased. Consequently, the carrier recombination increased, further resulting in a rapid laser operation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220330125417
T. Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar Gayen
Utilizing mirror movement precisely, one can undoubtedly make the diverse way for light. The movable mirror can be placed in the path of an optical tree net to perform different operations. In this paper, we have performed different logic, arithmetic and one-bit data comparison operations using mechanical movable mirrors. Using two controls with three movable mirrors and two fixed mirrors, we can perform four basic logic operations. Then using these four basic operations, we can design sixteen different logic operations, half adder and one-bit data comparison operations. Because of the component of an adaptable mirror arranging and course, expansion incidents can be decreased to an incredibly low level. The necessary voltage is under 0.5 V. The power utilization is about 3.5 mW for an exchanging component. Moreover, this plan is extremely straightforward in senseand designed using linear optical materials. The principle of operation of this circuit is based on the reflection of light from MEMS-based optical switches.
{"title":"Optical Tree Net (OTN) Logic Circuits Using Mechanical Movable Mirrors","authors":"T. Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar Gayen","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220330125417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220330125417","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Utilizing mirror movement precisely, one can undoubtedly make the diverse way for light. The movable mirror can be placed in the path of an optical tree net to perform different operations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, we have performed different logic, arithmetic and one-bit data comparison operations using mechanical movable mirrors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using two controls with three movable mirrors and two fixed mirrors, we can perform four basic logic operations. Then using these four basic operations, we can design sixteen different logic operations, half adder and one-bit data comparison operations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Because of the component of an adaptable mirror arranging and course, expansion incidents can be decreased to an incredibly low level. The necessary voltage is under 0.5 V. The power utilization is about 3.5 mW for an exchanging component.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Moreover, this plan is extremely straightforward in senseand designed using linear optical materials. The principle of operation of this circuit is based on the reflection of light from MEMS-based optical switches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44762442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220328123601
J. P. Quesada-Molina, S. Mariani
Due to their size, Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) display performance indices affected by uncertainties linked to the mechanical properties and to the geometry of the films constituting their movable parts. In this perspective, a recently proposed multiscale and hybrid solution for uncertainty quantification is discussed. The proposed method is based on the (deep) learning of the morphology-affected elasticity of the polycrystalline films, and of the microfabrication-induced defective geometry of the devices. The results at the material and at the device levels are linked through a reduced-order representation of the response of the entire device to the external stimuli, foressen to finally feed a Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification engine. Preliminary results relevant to a single-axis resonant Lorentz force micro-magnetometer have shown a noteworthy capability of the proposed multiscale deep learning method to account for the mentioned uncertainty sources at the microscale. A promising two-scale deep learning approach has been proposed for polysilicon MEMS sensors to account for both materials- and geometry-governed uncertainties, and to properly describe the scale-dependent response of MEMS devices.
{"title":"Hybrid Model-Based and Data-Driven Solution for Uncertainty Quantification at the Microscale","authors":"J. P. Quesada-Molina, S. Mariani","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220328123601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220328123601","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Due to their size, Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) display performance indices affected by uncertainties linked to the mechanical properties and to the geometry of the films constituting their movable parts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this perspective, a recently proposed multiscale and hybrid solution for uncertainty quantification is discussed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed method is based on the (deep) learning of the morphology-affected elasticity of the polycrystalline films, and of the microfabrication-induced defective geometry of the devices. The results at the material and at the device levels are linked through a reduced-order representation of the response of the entire device to the external stimuli, foressen to finally feed a Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification engine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Preliminary results relevant to a single-axis resonant Lorentz force micro-magnetometer have shown a noteworthy capability of the proposed multiscale deep learning method to account for the mentioned uncertainty sources at the microscale.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A promising two-scale deep learning approach has been proposed for polysilicon MEMS sensors to account for both materials- and geometry-governed uncertainties, and to properly describe the scale-dependent response of MEMS devices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44928698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220318121343
Tugrul Talha Ersoz, M. Ersoz
Nanomaterials are classified with their at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm, which offers new innovative solutions for membrane development. These are included as nanosized adsorbents, nanomembranes, nanocomposites, photocatalysts, nanotubes, nanoclays, etc. Nanomaterials are promising, exceptional properties for one of the opportunity is to prevent the global water crisis with their extraordinary performance as their usage for membrane development, particularly for water treatment process. Nanomaterial based membranes that include nanoparticles, nanofibers, 2D layered materials, and their nanostructured composites which provide superior permeation characteristics besides their antifouling, antibacterial and photodegradation properties. They are enable for providing the extraordinary properties to be used as ultrafast and ultimately selective membranes for water purification. In this review, recently developed nanomaterial based membranes and their applications for water treatment process were summarized. The main attention is given to the nanomaterial based membrane structure design. The variety in terms of constituent structure and alterations provide nanomaterial based membranes which will be expected to be a perfect separation membrane in the future.
{"title":"Nanostructured Material and Its Application in Membrane Separation Technology","authors":"Tugrul Talha Ersoz, M. Ersoz","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220318121343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220318121343","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanomaterials are classified with their at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm, which offers new innovative solutions for membrane development. These are included as nanosized adsorbents, nanomembranes, nanocomposites, photocatalysts, nanotubes, nanoclays, etc. Nanomaterials are promising, exceptional properties for one of the opportunity is to prevent the global water crisis with their extraordinary performance as their usage for membrane development, particularly for water treatment process. Nanomaterial based membranes that include nanoparticles, nanofibers, 2D layered materials, and their nanostructured composites which provide superior permeation characteristics besides their antifouling, antibacterial and photodegradation properties. They are enable for providing the extraordinary properties to be used as ultrafast and ultimately selective membranes for water purification. In this review, recently developed nanomaterial based membranes and their applications for water treatment process were summarized. The main attention is given to the nanomaterial based membrane structure design. The variety in terms of constituent structure and alterations provide nanomaterial based membranes which will be expected to be a perfect separation membrane in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220318111303
M. Makwana, Ajay M. Patel
Graphene's mass and low-cost production has become an essential step toward its real-world applications, due to significant advancements in fundamental research and industrial applications. Graphene, a one-atom thick carbon crystal with a unique set of physical and chemical properties comprising from extreme mechanical behaviour with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, is emerging as a serious contender to replace many traditional materials in a variety of applications. Graphene has the potential to improve the performance, functionality, and durability of a broad spectrum of applications, but its commercialization will require more study. Applications and emerging techniques for the production of graphene have been investigated in this study. To increase the use of graphene, its current limitations must be solved expeditiously to improve its current performance. In terms of applications, graphene's advantages have expanded its use in both electroanalytical and electrochemical sensors. The most relevant experimental achievements on the fabrication of graphene material, as well as its evolving features in relation to smart applications, are highlighted in this review study. We explore how graphene may be successfully integrated directly into devices, enabling a wide range of applications such as transparent electrodes, photovoltaics, thermoelectricity, 3D printing, and applications in biomedical and bioimaging devices. Graphene's prospects are also explored and discussed.
{"title":"Recent Applications and Synthesis Techniques of Graphene","authors":"M. Makwana, Ajay M. Patel","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220318111303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220318111303","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Graphene's mass and low-cost production has become an essential step toward its real-world applications, due to significant advancements in fundamental research and industrial applications. Graphene, a one-atom thick carbon crystal with a unique set of physical and chemical properties comprising from extreme mechanical behaviour with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, is emerging as a serious contender to replace many traditional materials in a variety of applications. Graphene has the potential to improve the performance, functionality, and durability of a broad spectrum of applications, but its commercialization will require more study. Applications and emerging techniques for the production of graphene have been investigated in this study. To increase the use of graphene, its current limitations must be solved expeditiously to improve its current performance. In terms of applications, graphene's advantages have expanded its use in both electroanalytical and electrochemical sensors. The most relevant experimental achievements on the fabrication of graphene material, as well as its evolving features in relation to smart applications, are highlighted in this review study. We explore how graphene may be successfully integrated directly into devices, enabling a wide range of applications such as transparent electrodes, photovoltaics, thermoelectricity, 3D printing, and applications in biomedical and bioimaging devices. Graphene's prospects are also explored and discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220225161505
S. Kundu, M. Alam, Biman Kumar Saha Roy3, S. S. Thakur
The state estimation (SE) process in power systems estimates bus voltage magnitude and phase angles vital for operating the system securely and reliably. The power systems state estimation problem has been extensively solved through weighted least squares (WLS) based static approach that fails to track the system dynamics properly. Furthermore, those approaches are not inherently robust against outliers, yielding a separate bad data processing (BDP) technique. Popular Dynamic state estimation (DSE) schemes which mainly employ nonlinear Kalman filters like Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), also suffer from providing a reasonable estimation of states in the presence of bad data. Although several generalized maximum (GM) likelihood-based DSE approaches are robust against outliers, they are mainly based on nonlinear Kalman filters, which yield an iterative process. Therefore, this article focuses on developing a robust DSE approach that gives a good estimation of states against outliers in a single iteration. This article aims to propose a robust hybrid non-iterative DSE approach that gives robust SE results in the presence of bad data. The proposed novel robust hybrid DSE (NRHDSE) approach combines the robust M-estimation with the original novel hybrid DSE (NHDSE) approach. The proposed scheme implements a suitable linear relationship between integrated hybrid measurements and complex states. The proposed method uses a linear measurement model and thus employs an optimal linear Kalman filter to correct or estimate states. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by applying it on IEEE 57, 118 bus test systems and one more extensive 246 Indian utility bus system namely, Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG), and after that comparing it with the original NHDSE, and DSE methods based on traditional EKF and M-estimation based robust version of EKF (REKF). The simulation result demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach. Obtained results clearly show the superiority of the proposed approach.
{"title":"M-estimation based robust approach for hybrid dynamic state estimation in power systems","authors":"S. Kundu, M. Alam, Biman Kumar Saha Roy3, S. S. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220225161505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220225161505","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The state estimation (SE) process in power systems estimates bus voltage magnitude and phase angles vital for operating the system securely and reliably. The power systems state estimation problem has been extensively solved through weighted least squares (WLS) based static approach that fails to track the system dynamics properly. Furthermore, those approaches are not inherently robust against outliers, yielding a separate bad data processing (BDP) technique. Popular Dynamic state estimation (DSE) schemes which mainly employ nonlinear Kalman filters like Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), also suffer from providing a reasonable estimation of states in the presence of bad data. Although several generalized maximum (GM) likelihood-based DSE approaches are robust against outliers, they are mainly based on nonlinear Kalman filters, which yield an iterative process. Therefore, this article focuses on developing a robust DSE approach that gives a good estimation of states against outliers in a single iteration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This article aims to propose a robust hybrid non-iterative DSE approach that gives robust SE results in the presence of bad data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed novel robust hybrid DSE (NRHDSE) approach combines the robust M-estimation with the original novel hybrid DSE (NHDSE) approach. The proposed scheme implements a suitable linear relationship between integrated hybrid measurements and complex states. The proposed method uses a linear measurement model and thus employs an optimal linear Kalman filter to correct or estimate states.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The efficacy of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by applying it on IEEE 57, 118 bus test systems and one more extensive 246 Indian utility bus system namely, Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG), and after that comparing it with the original NHDSE, and DSE methods based on traditional EKF and M-estimation based robust version of EKF (REKF). The simulation result demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Obtained results clearly show the superiority of the proposed approach.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43607230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220221105304
H. Farooqui, S. Upadhyay, P. Upadhyay
A transdermal patch is a topically applied dosed adhesive patch that delivers a medication dose directly into the blood. The patch allows for the safe delivery of a drug to the targeted site, ideally by a permeable layer covering a reservoir of the drug by melting small patches of drug embedded in the adhesive, which is one benefit of transdermal drug delivery over most types of pharmaceutical deliveries including oral, topical, intramuscular, intravenous, and several others. This can also help in the healing of a damaged body part, to improve patient compliance, treatment efficacy, and dose frequency while minimizing side effects. This review covers the production, methods of evaluation, qualities, use of penetration enhancers, and pros and downsides of Transdermal patches, as well as the benefits of essential oil as a penetration enhancer. Compared to chemical enhancers, essential oils have shown the ability to break down the stratum corneum layer, allowing drugs to penetrate deeper into the skin. Essential oils are excellent penetration enhancers for the skin. These penetration enhancers are cost-effective, biocompatible, readily available, non-toxic, chemically modifiable, and possibly biodegradable. In this review, attention has been drawn towards the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches with the help and applications of SNEDDS (Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) using essential oil as a penetration enhancer and their future prospective.
{"title":"Transdermal patches approach towards self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (snedds) using essential oil as penetration enhancer","authors":"H. Farooqui, S. Upadhyay, P. Upadhyay","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220221105304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220221105304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A transdermal patch is a topically applied dosed adhesive patch that delivers a medication dose directly into the blood. The patch allows for the safe delivery of a drug to the targeted site, ideally by a permeable layer covering a reservoir of the drug by melting small patches of drug embedded in the adhesive, which is one benefit of transdermal drug delivery over most types of pharmaceutical deliveries including oral, topical, intramuscular, intravenous, and several others. This can also help in the healing of a damaged body part, to improve patient compliance, treatment efficacy, and dose frequency while minimizing side effects. This review covers the production, methods of evaluation, qualities, use of penetration enhancers, and pros and downsides of Transdermal patches, as well as the benefits of essential oil as a penetration enhancer. Compared to chemical enhancers, essential oils have shown the ability to break down the stratum corneum layer, allowing drugs to penetrate deeper into the skin. Essential oils are excellent penetration enhancers for the skin. These penetration enhancers are cost-effective, biocompatible, readily available, non-toxic, chemically modifiable, and possibly biodegradable. In this review, attention has been drawn towards the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches with the help and applications of SNEDDS (Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) using essential oil as a penetration enhancer and their future prospective.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220221113221
Zhaodong Wang, Pu Li, Beibei Sun
Correct modeling of squeeze-film damping (SFD) is an important consideration in the design of high-Q microresonators. In 2002, using the molecular dynamics (MD) approach, Bao et al. developed an analytical MD model for the evaluation of the SFD of a parallel-plate device in the free molecular regime. Their model was based on the energy exchange between the oscillating plate and gas molecules. Bao’s model is now widely used in microsystem design. However, Bao’s model cannot reduce to the air damping model in free space and is unsuitable for flexible microbeams. This paper first presents a more accurate analytical model for the evaluation of the SFD of the parallel plate. Then the present analytical model is extended to model the SFD of flexible microbeams with deformed shapes. This paper is based on the momentum transfer between the vibration plate and gas molecules. Results: The analytical results of the present model have shown a good agreement with the available experimental results. The limitations in the previous model are overcome.
{"title":"Squeeze-film damping of microbeam and microplate resonators in the free molecular regime","authors":"Zhaodong Wang, Pu Li, Beibei Sun","doi":"10.2174/1876402914666220221113221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220221113221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Correct modeling of squeeze-film damping (SFD) is an important consideration in the design of high-Q microresonators. In 2002, using the molecular dynamics (MD) approach, Bao et al. developed an analytical MD model for the evaluation of the SFD of a parallel-plate device in the free molecular regime. Their model was based on the energy exchange between the oscillating plate and gas molecules. Bao’s model is now widely used in microsystem design. However, Bao’s model cannot reduce to the air damping model in free space and is unsuitable for flexible microbeams.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper first presents a more accurate analytical model for the evaluation of the SFD of the parallel plate. Then the present analytical model is extended to model the SFD of flexible microbeams with deformed shapes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper is based on the momentum transfer between the vibration plate and gas molecules. \u0000Results: The analytical results of the present model have shown a good agreement with the available experimental results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The limitations in the previous model are overcome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.2174/1876402913666211202114736
V. Sharma, Masood Ahmad Malik
As the Technology node scales down to deep sub-micron regime, the design of static random-access memory (SRAM) cell becomes a critical issue because of increased leakage current components. These leakage current components prevent to design a low power processor as large of the processor power is consumed by the memory part. In this paper, a SRAM cell is designed based on ON/OFF logic (ONOFIC) approach. Static noise margin (SNM) of the cell for the different states are calculated and evaluated by using butterfly as well as noise (N) curves with the help of Cadence tools at 45 nm technology node. ONOFIC approach helps to reduce the leakage current components which makes a low power memory cell. A performance comparison is made between the conventional six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell and memory cell using ONOFIC approach. Low value of power delay product (PDP) is the outcome of ONOFIC approach as compared to conventional cell. ONOFIC approach decreases PDP by 99.99% in case of hold state. ONOFIC approach improves the different performance metrics for the different states of the SRAM cell.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of 6T SRAM and ONOFIC Cells","authors":"V. Sharma, Masood Ahmad Malik","doi":"10.2174/1876402913666211202114736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402913666211202114736","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 As the Technology node scales down to deep sub-micron regime, the design of static random-access memory (SRAM) cell becomes a critical issue because of increased leakage current components. These leakage current components prevent to design a low power processor as large of the processor power is consumed by the memory part. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, a SRAM cell is designed based on ON/OFF logic (ONOFIC) approach. Static noise margin (SNM) of the cell for the different states are calculated and evaluated by using butterfly as well as noise (N) curves with the help of Cadence tools at 45 nm technology node.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000ONOFIC approach helps to reduce the leakage current components which makes a low power memory cell. A performance comparison is made between the conventional six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell and memory cell using ONOFIC approach. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Low value of power delay product (PDP) is the outcome of ONOFIC approach as compared to conventional cell. ONOFIC approach decreases PDP by 99.99% in case of hold state. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 ONOFIC approach improves the different performance metrics for the different states of the SRAM cell.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：