Excessive intake of benzoic acid may cause serious diseases, including disordered metabolism, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hence, it is important to explore a reliable method to determine the quantity of benzoic acid for protecting human health. In this regard, polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbon composites act as electrode materials for the detection of benzoic acid. The objective of this research was to synthesize polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons via an in-situ polymerization approach and evaluate their electrochemical performance for the detection of benzoic acid. Polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons were obtained via an in-situ polymerization approach. The obtained composite nanoribbons were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and electrochemical method. Amorphous polythiophene nanoparticles with a size of less than 100 nm were homogeneously attached to the copper vanadate nanoribbons. Electrochemical sensing properties of the polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons modified electrode for detecting benzoic acid were analyzed using the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) method. An irreversible CV peak was observed at +0.36 V in 0.1 M KCl solution with 2 mM benzoic acid. The polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons modified electrode indicated a linear range of 0.001-2 mM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 µM. Polythiophene greatly enhanced the electrochemical sensing properties of copper vanadate nanoribbons. Polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons modified electrode was found to be stable and repeatable owing to the synergistic effect of various components.
过量摄入苯甲酸可能会引起严重疾病，包括代谢紊乱、腹痛和腹泻。因此，探索一种可靠的方法来测定苯甲酸的含量以保护人类健康非常重要。本研究旨在通过原位聚合方法合成聚噻吩/钒酸铜纳米带，并评估其检测苯甲酸的电化学性能。利用 X 射线衍射、电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱和电化学方法对所获得的复合纳米带进行了分析。采用循环伏安法（CV）分析了聚噻吩/钒酸铜纳米带修饰电极检测苯甲酸的电化学传感特性。在含有 2 mM 苯甲酸的 0.1 M KCl 溶液中，在 +0.36V 处观察到一个不可逆的 CV 峰。聚噻吩/钒酸铜纳米带修饰电极的线性范围为 0.001-2 mM，检测限（LOD）为 0.29 µM。由于各种成分的协同作用，聚噻吩/钒酸铜纳米带修饰电极具有最佳的可重复性。
{"title":"Polythiophene/Copper Vanadate Nanoribbons and their Electrochemical\u0000Sensing Properties for Detecting Benzoic Acid","authors":"Xingxing Zhu, Yong Zhang, Qianmin Cong, Zhengyu Cai, Lizhai Pei","doi":"10.2174/0118764029318334240625115029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029318334240625115029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Excessive intake of benzoic acid may cause serious diseases, including\u0000disordered metabolism, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hence, it is important to explore a reliable\u0000method to determine the quantity of benzoic acid for protecting human health. In this regard, polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbon composites act as electrode materials for the detection of\u0000benzoic acid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this research was to synthesize polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons via an in-situ polymerization approach and evaluate their electrochemical performance for the\u0000detection of benzoic acid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons were obtained via an in-situ polymerization\u0000approach. The obtained composite nanoribbons were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and electrochemical method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Amorphous polythiophene nanoparticles with a size of less than 100 nm were homogeneously attached to the copper vanadate nanoribbons. Electrochemical sensing properties of the polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons modified electrode for detecting benzoic acid were analyzed using the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) method. An irreversible CV peak was observed at +0.36\u0000V in 0.1 M KCl solution with 2 mM benzoic acid. The polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons\u0000modified electrode indicated a linear range of 0.001-2 mM with the limit of detection (LOD) of\u00000.29 µM.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Polythiophene greatly enhanced the electrochemical sensing properties of copper vanadate nanoribbons. Polythiophene/copper vanadate nanoribbons modified electrode was found to be\u0000stable and repeatable owing to the synergistic effect of various components.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.2174/0118764029301198240530101307
Praveen Kumar Mishra, G. Usmani, Ajaygiri Goswami, Achintya Mondal
With a rational objective to reduce groundwater contamination from pesticides and thereby reducing ecotoxicological effect of pesticide, present research programme was carried out. Sulfentrazone is a well-known effective pesticide that is used for soybean crops. But at the same time, sulfentrazone is known for its high leaching potential through soil and could lead to ground water contamination So we have synthesized a novel chitosan clay nanocomposites of sulfentrazone at three different concertations of sulfentrazone, 37.64%, 52.44% and 59.85% and its release pattern was studied at three different buffer systems like pH 2, pH 4 and pH 6. Release pattern of Sulfentrazone has been quantified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Various mathematical tools have been applied to understand the release kinetics of chitosan clay sulfentrazone nanocomposites Correlation coefficient (R2) of many models has been plotted and the Huguchi model was found to be the most suitable for these nanocomposites. The salient finding of this study is that the release rates of sulfentrazone at pH 4 is 68.39%, 42.62% and 37.75% after 8 hours at three different loading. This release pattern is higher than the release pattern at pH 6 and pH 2. Based on these release data, it is very clear that chitosan clay sulfentrazone nanocomposite can control the release of sulfentrazone at regular soil pH conditions, which is pH 6.
{"title":"Release Kinetics of Sulfentrazone from Chitosan Clay Sulfentrazone\u0000Nanocomposite","authors":"Praveen Kumar Mishra, G. Usmani, Ajaygiri Goswami, Achintya Mondal","doi":"10.2174/0118764029301198240530101307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029301198240530101307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000With a rational objective to reduce groundwater contamination from pesticides and thereby reducing ecotoxicological effect of pesticide, present research programme was\u0000carried out. Sulfentrazone is a well-known effective pesticide that is used for soybean crops. But at\u0000the same time, sulfentrazone is known for its high leaching potential through soil and could lead to\u0000ground water contamination\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000So we have synthesized a novel chitosan clay nanocomposites of sulfentrazone at three different concertations of sulfentrazone, 37.64%, 52.44% and 59.85% and its release pattern was studied at three different buffer systems like pH 2, pH 4 and pH 6. Release pattern of Sulfentrazone has\u0000been quantified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Various\u0000mathematical tools have been applied to understand the release kinetics of chitosan clay sulfentrazone nanocomposites\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Correlation coefficient (R2) of many models has been plotted and the Huguchi model was\u0000found to be the most suitable for these nanocomposites. The salient finding of this study is that the\u0000release rates of sulfentrazone at pH 4 is 68.39%, 42.62% and 37.75% after 8 hours at three different\u0000loading. This release pattern is higher than the release pattern at pH 6 and pH 2.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on these release data, it is very clear that chitosan clay sulfentrazone nanocomposite can control the release of sulfentrazone at regular soil pH conditions, which is pH 6.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"45 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.2174/0118764029301470240603051432
Sonakshi Garg, Preeti Patel, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, B. Kurmi
Zetasizer is an advanced device that measures various properties of particles or molecules suspended in a liquid medium. It is extensively used for evaluating the size of nanoparticles, colloids, and biomolecular particles, and for determining particle charge. There are several analytical techniques by which the size, zeta potential, and molecular weight can be determined, like Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) that measures the size of particles in dispersed systems, which can range from sub-nanometers to several micrometers in diameter. Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) analyzes the mobility and charge of particles, also known as the zeta potential. Static Light Scattering (SLS) determines the molecular weight of particles in a solution. The Zetasizer is part of the Zetasizer Advance range of benchtop systems available for laboratory use. The Zetasizer Ultra model offers unique measurement capabilities, such as Multi-angle Dynamic Light Scattering (MADLS) and particle concentration. These features offer a deeper understanding of samples, making the Zetasizer a vital instrument in numerous scientific and industrial applications. In this review, we have discussed Zetasizer’s principles for the determination of particle size, zeta potential, and molecular weight, along with its qualification and applications in different formulations.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Applications and Advances with Zetasizer: An Essential Analytical Tool for Size and Zeta Potential Analysis","authors":"Sonakshi Garg, Preeti Patel, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, B. Kurmi","doi":"10.2174/0118764029301470240603051432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029301470240603051432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Zetasizer is an advanced device that measures various properties of particles or molecules\u0000suspended in a liquid medium. It is extensively used for evaluating the size of nanoparticles,\u0000colloids, and biomolecular particles, and for determining particle charge. There are several analytical\u0000techniques by which the size, zeta potential, and molecular weight can be determined, like Dynamic\u0000Light Scattering (DLS) that measures the size of particles in dispersed systems, which can\u0000range from sub-nanometers to several micrometers in diameter. Electrophoretic Light Scattering\u0000(ELS) analyzes the mobility and charge of particles, also known as the zeta potential. Static Light\u0000Scattering (SLS) determines the molecular weight of particles in a solution. The Zetasizer is part of\u0000the Zetasizer Advance range of benchtop systems available for laboratory use. The Zetasizer Ultra\u0000model offers unique measurement capabilities, such as Multi-angle Dynamic Light Scattering\u0000(MADLS) and particle concentration. These features offer a deeper understanding of samples, making\u0000the Zetasizer a vital instrument in numerous scientific and industrial applications. In this review,\u0000we have discussed Zetasizer’s principles for the determination of particle size, zeta potential,\u0000and molecular weight, along with its qualification and applications in different formulations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"58 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.2174/0118764029298466240508091306
Himani Bhardwaj, Shruti Jain, Harsh Sohal
Interconnects are an essential requirement for any circuit completion. They are utilised to connect two or more blocks, yet when creating a circuit, certain problems have been observed. Scaling back technology is one such problem. With technology scaled down their aspects change which can straightforwardly affect the circuit boundaries. Because of this, the time constant and power consumption in the interconnect circuits has increased. Certain wire (RC) models and techniques have previously been characterized to control these performance parameters however in this paper, authors have proposed a new interconnect structure with a buffer insertion technique using adiabatic dynamic logic (ADL). To optimise power, a Schmitt trigger is inserted as a buffer between lengthy interconnect circuits utilising an energy-recovery mechanism. The TSPICE tool is used to model and simulate the entire circuit. The suggested model's performance is compared to that of other cutting-edge methods. The complete circuits are modelled and simulated using the SPICE tool. A performance comparison is done between the existing model and the proposed model.
{"title":"Global RC Interconnects with ADL Buffers for Low-Power Applications","authors":"Himani Bhardwaj, Shruti Jain, Harsh Sohal","doi":"10.2174/0118764029298466240508091306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029298466240508091306","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Interconnects are an essential requirement for any circuit completion. They\u0000are utilised to connect two or more blocks, yet when creating a circuit, certain problems have been\u0000observed. Scaling back technology is one such problem.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000With technology scaled down their aspects change which can straightforwardly affect the\u0000circuit boundaries. Because of this, the time constant and power consumption in the interconnect circuits\u0000has increased. Certain wire (RC) models and techniques have previously been characterized to\u0000control these performance parameters however in this paper, authors have proposed a new interconnect\u0000structure with a buffer insertion technique using adiabatic dynamic logic (ADL).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To optimise power, a Schmitt trigger is inserted as a buffer between lengthy interconnect\u0000circuits utilising an energy-recovery mechanism. The TSPICE tool is used to model and simulate the\u0000entire circuit.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The suggested model's performance is compared to that of other cutting-edge methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The complete circuits are modelled and simulated using the SPICE tool. A performance comparison is done between the existing model and the proposed model.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.2174/0118764029301002240326144814
R. Rathod, P. Pawar
Currently, there is a clear lack of effective topical treatments for psoriasis. In light of this unaddressed requirement, the work intends to develop, enhance, and assess the effectiveness of a curcumin transethosomal gel for managing psoriasis. This work signifies the delivery of a potential solution to fill the gap in topical psoriasis treatment. Curcumin-loaded transethosomes were prepared using a mechanical dispersion method. An initial study was conducted to determine the ideal concentrations of Lipoid S100 and Isopropyl Myristate (IPM). To refine the ultimate transethosomal formulation, a full factorial design (32) was employed, incorporating different levels of Lipoid S100 and IPM. Drug release investigations and pharmacokinetics assessments of curcumin concentrations were performed using a specialized dissolution apparatus and an animal model, respectively. The characterization profile and analytical examinations have affirmed the stability of the formulation throughout the study duration. Our findings indicate that the drug release mechanism conforms to a diffusion pattern akin to Fickian transport. Furthermore, In-vivo investigations revealed that the curcumin concentration in the bloodstream after oral administration was significantly superior to that of the conventional formulation. Using curcumin-loaded transethosomes extends drug contact time and facilitates controlled drug release, leading to enhanced bioavailability, decreased dosage needs, and heightened patient safety.
{"title":"Transethosomal Carrier of Curcumin for Improved Topical Delivery:\u0000Optimization, In-vitro and Stability Assessment","authors":"R. Rathod, P. Pawar","doi":"10.2174/0118764029301002240326144814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029301002240326144814","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Currently, there is a clear lack of effective topical treatments for psoriasis. In\u0000light of this unaddressed requirement, the work intends to develop, enhance, and assess the effectiveness\u0000of a curcumin transethosomal gel for managing psoriasis. This work signifies the delivery\u0000of a potential solution to fill the gap in topical psoriasis treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Curcumin-loaded transethosomes were prepared using a mechanical dispersion\u0000method. An initial study was conducted to determine the ideal concentrations of Lipoid\u0000S100 and Isopropyl Myristate (IPM). To refine the ultimate transethosomal formulation, a full factorial\u0000design (32) was employed, incorporating different levels of Lipoid S100 and IPM. Drug release\u0000investigations and pharmacokinetics assessments of curcumin concentrations were performed\u0000using a specialized dissolution apparatus and an animal model, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The characterization profile and analytical examinations have affirmed the stability of the\u0000formulation throughout the study duration. Our findings indicate that the drug release mechanism\u0000conforms to a diffusion pattern akin to Fickian transport. Furthermore, In-vivo investigations revealed\u0000that the curcumin concentration in the bloodstream after oral administration was significantly\u0000superior to that of the conventional formulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using curcumin-loaded transethosomes extends drug contact time and facilitates controlled\u0000drug release, leading to enhanced bioavailability, decreased dosage needs, and heightened\u0000patient safety.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"112 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microsponges are porous, polymeric particles that have been extensively explored in the field of dermatology. They offer numerous advantages as a topical delivery system, including controlled release of active ingredients, enhanced bioavailability, and improved stability. Microsponges have been used for a wide range of dermatological applications, including the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and other skin disorders. This review article provides an overview of the various applications of microsponges in dermatology, along with the challenges associated with their development and use. The article begins with a brief introduction to microsponges, the benefits of microsponges, and their properties. It then discusses the different methods of microsponge preparation, such as emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying, along with their mechanism of drug release and also applications of microsponges in dermatology, including their use in the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and other skin disorders, are discussed in detail. Overall, microsponges have shown great promise as a topical delivery system in dermatology, and their continued development and use will likely lead to significant advances in the field.
{"title":"Exploring Microsponges in Dermatology: Opportunities and Hurdles\u0000Ahead","authors":"Prerna Sharma, Peeyush Kaushik, Satish Kumar Sharma, Sanchit Dhankar, Nitika Garg, Nidhi Rani","doi":"10.2174/0118764029295903240328054858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029295903240328054858","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Microsponges are porous, polymeric particles that have been extensively explored in the\u0000field of dermatology. They offer numerous advantages as a topical delivery system, including controlled\u0000release of active ingredients, enhanced bioavailability, and improved stability. Microsponges\u0000have been used for a wide range of dermatological applications, including the treatment of acne,\u0000psoriasis, and other skin disorders. This review article provides an overview of the various applications\u0000of microsponges in dermatology, along with the challenges associated with their development\u0000and use. The article begins with a brief introduction to microsponges, the benefits of microsponges,\u0000and their properties. It then discusses the different methods of microsponge preparation, such as\u0000emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying, along with their mechanism of drug release and also\u0000applications of microsponges in dermatology, including their use in the treatment of acne, psoriasis,\u0000and other skin disorders, are discussed in detail. Overall, microsponges have shown great promise as\u0000a topical delivery system in dermatology, and their continued development and use will likely lead\u0000to significant advances in the field.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"164 S343","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the realm of drug delivery, lipid nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carriers, offering enhanced encapsulation, protection, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Among these innovative systems, SmartLipids stands out as a groundbreaking advancement, representing the latest generation of lipid nanoparticles. Characterized by their unique "chaotic" and disordered particle matrix structure, SmartLipids exhibit remarkable properties that set them apart from conventional drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate world of SmartLipids, unraveling their distinctive features and exploring their immense potential in the field of drug delivery. It meticulously outlines their production methods, shedding light on the solvent-free, highpressure homogenization technique that ensures biocompatibility and safety. The review meticulously examines the physicochemical characterization of SmartLipids, providing insights into their particle size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. It further delves into their in vitro and in vivo performance, highlighting their ability to enhance drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. The study collectively underscores the versatility and customizable nature of SmartLipids, emphasizing their suitability for a wide range of drug delivery applications. From encapsulating hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic compounds to tailoring specific release profiles, SmartLipids offer a remarkable degree of flexibility in drug delivery strategies.
{"title":"SmartLipids: Ushering in a New Era of Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery","authors":"Bhawna Sharma, Iti Chauhan, Gaurav Kumar, Raj kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0118764029294004240318094405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029294004240318094405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the realm of drug delivery, lipid nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carriers, offering\u0000enhanced encapsulation, protection, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Among these\u0000innovative systems, SmartLipids stands out as a groundbreaking advancement, representing the latest\u0000generation of lipid nanoparticles. Characterized by their unique \"chaotic\" and disordered particle\u0000matrix structure, SmartLipids exhibit remarkable properties that set them apart from conventional\u0000drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate world of SmartLipids,\u0000unraveling their distinctive features and exploring their immense potential in the field of drug delivery.\u0000It meticulously outlines their production methods, shedding light on the solvent-free, highpressure\u0000homogenization technique that ensures biocompatibility and safety. The review meticulously\u0000examines the physicochemical characterization of SmartLipids, providing insights into their particle\u0000size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. It further delves into their in vitro and in vivo\u0000performance, highlighting their ability to enhance drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability.\u0000The study collectively underscores the versatility and customizable nature of SmartLipids, emphasizing\u0000their suitability for a wide range of drug delivery applications. From encapsulating hydrophilic,\u0000lipophilic, and amphiphilic compounds to tailoring specific release profiles, SmartLipids offer\u0000a remarkable degree of flexibility in drug delivery strategies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"365 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.2174/0118764029286890240314060427
Devika Tripathi, Princy Yadav, Gauransh Mishra, A. Rai
The amalgamation of targeted transportation and enhancement of the release profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a contemporary trend in the evolution of oral medicinal products. A renowned method to actualize this concept is to develop floating gastroretentive delivery systems that ensure an extended stay of the dosage form on the gastric surface. The success of drug delivery is largely dependent on the type of polymer used that sustains the release and avoids any toxic effects. Intragastric floating drug delivery systems are designed to remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period. This allows for a slow release of the drug in the stomach, which can be particularly beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window, like Glibenclamide, an anti-diabetic medication. The current research focused on the sustained drug delivery of Glibenclamide as intragastric floating microspheres. The goal was to adjust the floatation and drug release pattern using Eudragit RS 100 and magnesium stearate as a droplet stabilizer. Different batches of floating microspheres were optimized based on the polymer, drug-polymer concentration, and the amount of magnesium stearate. The strategy aimed to enhance the effectiveness of Glibenclamide, particularly for individuals with diabetes, by facilitating a controlled and consistent release of the drug in the gastric environment. The solvent evaporation method was used to create four batches of intragastric microspheres. The maximum absorbance of the drug, also known as lambda max, was observed at 212 nm. The prepared batches were evaluated for various in-vitro physicochemical parameters. The average particle size was found to be 619 nm. Rheological studies indicated excellent flow properties. The microspheres exhibited in-vitro buoyancy for up to 7 hours The entrapment efficiency was as high as 93.19%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the microspheres have a porous structure, which allows for the easy movement of solvents and solutes into and out of the microspheres. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated the physical and chemical properties of the microspheres. All in-vitro drug release and kinetic studies for the optimized batch (F-M4) revealed that Eudragit RS 100 effectively sustained the intragastric delivery of Glibenclamide. Floating drug delivery systems enhance oral dosage forms and the range of APIs by ensuring targeted gastric delivery and modified release. This improves bioavailability, reduces drug losses, and partially mitigates side effects.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Efficacy of Eudragit RS 100 Polymer in\u0000Prolonging Glibenclamide Release by Intragastric Floating Microsphere\u0000Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Princy Yadav, Gauransh Mishra, A. Rai","doi":"10.2174/0118764029286890240314060427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029286890240314060427","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The amalgamation of targeted transportation and enhancement of the release\u0000profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a contemporary trend in the evolution of oral\u0000medicinal products. A renowned method to actualize this concept is to develop floating gastroretentive\u0000delivery systems that ensure an extended stay of the dosage form on the gastric surface. The\u0000success of drug delivery is largely dependent on the type of polymer used that sustains the release\u0000and avoids any toxic effects. Intragastric floating drug delivery systems are designed to remain\u0000buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period. This allows\u0000for a slow release of the drug in the stomach, which can be particularly beneficial for drugs\u0000with a narrow absorption window, like Glibenclamide, an anti-diabetic medication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current research focused on the sustained drug delivery of Glibenclamide as intragastric\u0000floating microspheres. The goal was to adjust the floatation and drug release pattern using\u0000Eudragit RS 100 and magnesium stearate as a droplet stabilizer. Different batches of floating microspheres\u0000were optimized based on the polymer, drug-polymer concentration, and the amount of\u0000magnesium stearate. The strategy aimed to enhance the effectiveness of Glibenclamide, particularly\u0000for individuals with diabetes, by facilitating a controlled and consistent release of the drug in the\u0000gastric environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The solvent evaporation method was used to create four batches of intragastric\u0000microspheres. The maximum absorbance of the drug, also known as lambda max, was observed\u0000at 212 nm. The prepared batches were evaluated for various in-vitro physicochemical parameters.\u0000The average particle size was found to be 619 nm. Rheological studies indicated excellent\u0000flow properties. The microspheres exhibited in-vitro buoyancy for up to 7 hours\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The entrapment efficiency was as high as 93.19%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)\u0000analysis revealed that the microspheres have a porous structure, which allows for the easy movement\u0000of solvents and solutes into and out of the microspheres. Differential Scanning Calorimetry\u0000(DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated the physical and chemical properties of\u0000the microspheres. All in-vitro drug release and kinetic studies for the optimized batch (F-M4) revealed\u0000that Eudragit RS 100 effectively sustained the intragastric delivery of Glibenclamide.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Floating drug delivery systems enhance oral dosage forms and the range of APIs by\u0000ensuring targeted gastric delivery and modified release. This improves bioavailability, reduces drug\u0000losses, and partially mitigates side effects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"76 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.2174/0118764029290865240209072023
Ridhu Varshini Murugan, V. Magesh, K. Vijayalakshmi, R. Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, A. Sundramoorthy
Gastric irritation and kidney problems occur due to excess ascorbic acid content, whereas the lack of ascorbic acid in the human body leads to poor wound healing, muscle degeneration, and anemia. Herein, we report the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid using poly-thionine/ graphene (P-Th/Gr) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.4). Electrostatically fused graphene affixed with poly-thionine was successfully illustrated for effective voltammetric sensing of ascorbic acid. FE-SEM indicated the blended edge of a 2D graphene sheet with a deposited thin layer of polymer, which confirmed the formation of a poly-thionine/ graphene composite. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was utilized for the electrochemical ascorbic acid (AsA, Vitamin C) assay. With the increased concentrations of AsA, the oxidation peak current of ascorbic acid increased at 0.0 V, and the overpotential showed a decrease compared to bare GCE. The effect of scan rate on cyclic voltammograms was recorded with 500 μM of ascorbic acid from 10 mV/s to 250 mV/s, which indicated that AsA oxidation is a diffusion-controlled process on poly-thionine/ graphene-modified electrode. With the increased concentrations of AsA, the oxidation peak current of ascorbic acid increased at 0 V and also the over potential showed a decrease compared to bare GCE. The effect of scan rate on cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were recorded with 500 μM of ascorbic acid from 10 mV/s to 250 mV/s, which indicated that AsA oxidation is a surface-controlled process on polythionine/graphene modified electrode. It was concluded that a poly-thionine/ graphene composite-based sensor could be useful for the determination of ascorbic acid in various biological samples.
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamin C Using Graphene/ Poly-Thionine Composite Film Modified Electrode","authors":"Ridhu Varshini Murugan, V. Magesh, K. Vijayalakshmi, R. Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, A. Sundramoorthy","doi":"10.2174/0118764029290865240209072023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029290865240209072023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Gastric irritation and kidney problems occur due to excess ascorbic acid\u0000content, whereas the lack of ascorbic acid in the human body leads to poor wound healing, muscle\u0000degeneration, and anemia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herein, we report the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of\u0000ascorbic acid using poly-thionine/ graphene (P-Th/Gr) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in\u00000.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.4). Electrostatically fused graphene affixed with\u0000poly-thionine was successfully illustrated for effective voltammetric sensing of ascorbic acid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000FE-SEM indicated the blended edge of a 2D graphene sheet with a deposited thin\u0000layer of polymer, which confirmed the formation of a poly-thionine/ graphene composite. The cyclic\u0000voltammetry (CV) technique was utilized for the electrochemical ascorbic acid (AsA, Vitamin\u0000C) assay.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000With the increased concentrations of AsA, the oxidation peak current of ascorbic acid increased\u0000at 0.0 V, and the overpotential showed a decrease compared to bare GCE. The effect of\u0000scan rate on cyclic voltammograms was recorded with 500 μM of ascorbic acid from 10 mV/s to\u0000250 mV/s, which indicated that AsA oxidation is a diffusion-controlled process on poly-thionine/\u0000graphene-modified electrode.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000With the increased concentrations of AsA, the oxidation peak current of ascorbic acid increased at 0 V and also the over potential showed a decrease compared to bare GCE. The effect of scan rate on cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were recorded with 500 μM of ascorbic acid from 10 mV/s to 250 mV/s, which indicated that AsA oxidation is a surface-controlled process on polythionine/graphene modified electrode.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was concluded that a poly-thionine/ graphene composite-based sensor could be useful\u0000for the determination of ascorbic acid in various biological samples.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.2174/0118764029287700240116102226
Rajib Ahmed, Mahbub Hasan, Md. Rezaul Karim Sheikh, A. Faruqui
Composite research is adopting innovative materials in the current period due to their better qualities, such as being lightweight, having excellent mechanical properties, being relatively inexpensive, having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, etc. Composite materials play a crucial part in this challenge, with the fast market growth for lightweight and high-performance materials. In the present research, different weight percentages of aramid fiber, glass wool, aluminum, and silicon carbide-reinforced high-density polyethylene hybrid composite are introduced. The degree of adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement was determined through microstructural investigation utilizing an optical and scanning electronic microscope. Mechanical properties (tensile behaviors, flexural behavior, impact strength and hardness property) of the fabricated composites are investigated. Comparative study of mechanical properties for different combinations of fabricated composites reveals an increase in elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus and hardness, while tensile strength and impact strength have decreased sequentially from 5 to 40 wt.%. The mechanical properties of HDPE-PPTA-GW-Al-SiC hybrid composites obtained at 40 wt.% PPTA [Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)], GW (glass wool), Al, and SiC powder loading are superior as compared to other hybrid composites.
{"title":"Mechanical and Morphological Analysis of Aramid Fiber (PPTA), Glass\u0000Wool (GW), Aluminum (Al), and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Particles\u0000Embedded High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Hybrid Composites","authors":"Rajib Ahmed, Mahbub Hasan, Md. Rezaul Karim Sheikh, A. Faruqui","doi":"10.2174/0118764029287700240116102226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118764029287700240116102226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Composite research is adopting innovative materials in the current period\u0000due to their better qualities, such as being lightweight, having excellent mechanical properties, being\u0000relatively inexpensive, having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Composite materials play a crucial part in this challenge, with the fast market growth for\u0000lightweight and high-performance materials. In the present research, different weight percentages of\u0000aramid fiber, glass wool, aluminum, and silicon carbide-reinforced high-density polyethylene hybrid\u0000composite are introduced. The degree of adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement was determined through microstructural investigation utilizing an optical and scanning electronic microscope.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mechanical properties (tensile behaviors, flexural behavior, impact strength and hardness\u0000property) of the fabricated composites are investigated. Comparative study of mechanical properties\u0000for different combinations of fabricated composites reveals an increase in elongation at break, flexural\u0000strength, flexural modulus and hardness, while tensile strength and impact strength have decreased\u0000sequentially from 5 to 40 wt.%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mechanical properties of HDPE-PPTA-GW-Al-SiC hybrid composites obtained at\u000040 wt.% PPTA [Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)], GW (glass wool), Al, and SiC powder loading\u0000are superior as compared to other hybrid composites.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18543,"journal":{"name":"Micro and Nanosystems","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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