C. A. Santoso, N. Takarina, H. Ambarsari, N. B. Prihantini, S. Sitaresmi
Study about the effect of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater on the cell density of microalgae Scenedesmus vacuolatus has been done. Hydrocarbon pollution derived from oil in the sea can inhibit photosynthesis process of microalgaes. This might impact the density of microalgae cells. The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of the concentration of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater on the density of Scenedesmus vacuolatus microalgae cells and to determine the optimum treatment to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) levels. Sampling of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater was taken at Kali Adem port, Jakarta. The treatment done in this research used Walne medium with the addition of 25% hydrocarbon-polluted seawater (A), 50% (B), 75% (C), and 100% (D). Control is Walne medium with sterile seawater that was not from the Kali Adem port. The results showed the highest average density of Scenedesmus vacuolatus cells was in the control sample. This can be seen from the results of the average cell density at peak time of 29.48 x 105 cells / mL, as well as the log phase length of Scenedesmus vacuolatus. Measurement of TPH levels showed decreases of TPH in all treatments. The optimum treatment to reduce TPH levels is on treatment B with reduction percentage of 70.62%. Key words: Kali Adem port, Scenedesmus vacuolatus, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), Walne medium
{"title":"Effect of Hydrocarbon-Polluted Seawater on the Cell Density of Microalgae Scenedesmus vacuolatus Shihira & Krauss","authors":"C. A. Santoso, N. Takarina, H. Ambarsari, N. B. Prihantini, S. Sitaresmi","doi":"10.5454/MI.14.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.14.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Study about the effect of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater on the cell density of microalgae Scenedesmus vacuolatus has been done. Hydrocarbon pollution derived from oil in the sea can inhibit photosynthesis process of microalgaes. This might impact the density of microalgae cells. The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of the concentration of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater on the density of Scenedesmus vacuolatus microalgae cells and to determine the optimum treatment to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) levels. Sampling of hydrocarbon-polluted seawater was taken at Kali Adem port, Jakarta. The treatment done in this research used Walne medium with the addition of 25% hydrocarbon-polluted seawater (A), 50% (B), 75% (C), and 100% (D). Control is Walne medium with sterile seawater that was not from the Kali Adem port. The results showed the highest average density of Scenedesmus vacuolatus cells was in the control sample. This can be seen from the results of the average cell density at peak time of 29.48 x 105 cells / mL, as well as the log phase length of Scenedesmus vacuolatus. Measurement of TPH levels showed decreases of TPH in all treatments. The optimum treatment to reduce TPH levels is on treatment B with reduction percentage of 70.62%.\u0000Key words: Kali Adem port, Scenedesmus vacuolatus, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), Walne medium","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the two most important pathogens because they are indicators of food safety and sanitation indicators, because they can potentially pose a high risk of foodborne disease. This study aims to look at the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in the Tamiang Layang Market as a supervision of food safety. A total of 6 chicken breast samples were taken at all chicken traders in the Tamiang Layang market. Testing the presence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli using MC-Media Pad. The existence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in chicken meat at the Tamiang Layang market were 66.6% and 83.3%. The need to improve hygiene and sanitation for chicken traders.
{"title":"Detection of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli on Chicken Meat at Tamiang Layang Market","authors":"Akhmad Rizaldi, Engki Zelpina","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the two most important pathogens because they are indicators of food safety and sanitation indicators, because they can potentially pose a high risk of foodborne disease. This study aims to look at the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in the Tamiang Layang Market as a supervision of food safety. A total of 6 chicken breast samples were taken at all chicken traders in the Tamiang Layang market. Testing the presence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli using MC-Media Pad. The existence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in chicken meat at the Tamiang Layang market were 66.6% and 83.3%. The need to improve hygiene and sanitation for chicken traders.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"47 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75400477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rahmawati, Iliana Iliana, A. Rachmat, L. Zakaria, Mukarlina Mukarlina
The objective of the-present study was to detect the presence of pathogenic fastidious bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus using PCR from leaves of Siam citrus showing Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) symptoms in Singkawang City plantation, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Citrus leaf samples were collected based on visual observation of symptoms showing CVPD infection. Typical symptoms of CVPD include leaf yellowing ( chlorosis ), vein banding, leaves become stiff, thicker and smaller in size. The pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected using two specific primers, OI1/ OI2c amplified 16S rRNA gene and A2/J5, amplified ribosomal protein gene of the rpl KAJL -rpo BC operon ( β -operon). PCR amplification detected the presence of 1100 bp band using OI1/ OI2c primers, and 703 bp band using A2/J5 primers from symptomatic Siam citrus leaves. PCR products were not detected from healthy plants serve as a control. By using two sets of specific primers to amplify 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein gene , Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in symptomatic Siam Citrus leaves in Singkawang City, Pontianak, Indonesia. Detection of the bacterial pathogen causing CVPD is important to prevent the spreading of the disease which could affect the production of citrus fruits.
{"title":"Detection of Liberibacter asiaticus causing Citrus Vein Phloem Degenerationfrom Siam Citrus leaves (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) in Singkawang City plantation, Pontianak, West Kalimantan","authors":"R. Rahmawati, Iliana Iliana, A. Rachmat, L. Zakaria, Mukarlina Mukarlina","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the-present study was to detect the presence of pathogenic fastidious bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus using PCR from leaves of Siam citrus showing Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) symptoms in Singkawang City plantation, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Citrus leaf samples were collected based on visual observation of symptoms showing CVPD infection. Typical symptoms of CVPD include leaf yellowing ( chlorosis ), vein banding, leaves become stiff, thicker and smaller in size. The pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected using two specific primers, OI1/ OI2c amplified 16S rRNA gene and A2/J5, amplified ribosomal protein gene of the rpl KAJL -rpo BC operon ( β -operon). PCR amplification detected the presence of 1100 bp band using OI1/ OI2c primers, and 703 bp band using A2/J5 primers from symptomatic Siam citrus leaves. PCR products were not detected from healthy plants serve as a control. By using two sets of specific primers to amplify 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein gene , Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in symptomatic Siam Citrus leaves in Singkawang City, Pontianak, Indonesia. Detection of the bacterial pathogen causing CVPD is important to prevent the spreading of the disease which could affect the production of citrus fruits.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75099762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tati Barus, Jason Wiranata Sanjaya, A. T. Hartanti, A. Yulandi, V. Prasasty, David Tandjung
Soybeans tempeh (tempeh) is processed by fermentation using Rhizopus spp. Tempeh is an important source of protein in Indonesia. The traditional inoculum in tempeh fermentation locally is known as Usar, which is made from the leaves of Hibiscus tiliaceus . However, Rhizopus information from Usar is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify and investigate the genetic diversity of Rhizopus species from Usar and tempeh based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences and the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-three Rhizopus strains were isolated from Usar and ten Rhizopus strains were isolated from tempeh. Based on ITS sequences, the isolates were similar to Rhizopus microsporus (30 isolates) and Rhizopus delemar (3 isolates) with 98-99% similarity. The genetics of R. microsporus and R. delemar are varied and different from the genetics of R. microsporus from tempeh. The growth temperature of R. microsporus varies from 33°C to 48°C and R. delemar can grow to a maximum at 33°C. This research needs to be continued to obtain information about the role of Rhizopus from this study in determining the quality of tempeh.
{"title":"Genotypic Characterization of Rhizopus species from Tempeh and Usar: Traditional Inoculum of Tempeh in Indonesia","authors":"Tati Barus, Jason Wiranata Sanjaya, A. T. Hartanti, A. Yulandi, V. Prasasty, David Tandjung","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Soybeans tempeh (tempeh) is processed by fermentation using Rhizopus spp. Tempeh is an important source of protein in Indonesia. The traditional inoculum in tempeh fermentation locally is known as Usar, which is made from the leaves of Hibiscus tiliaceus . However, Rhizopus information from Usar is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify and investigate the genetic diversity of Rhizopus species from Usar and tempeh based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences and the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-three Rhizopus strains were isolated from Usar and ten Rhizopus strains were isolated from tempeh. Based on ITS sequences, the isolates were similar to Rhizopus microsporus (30 isolates) and Rhizopus delemar (3 isolates) with 98-99% similarity. The genetics of R. microsporus and R. delemar are varied and different from the genetics of R. microsporus from tempeh. The growth temperature of R. microsporus varies from 33°C to 48°C and R. delemar can grow to a maximum at 33°C. This research needs to be continued to obtain information about the role of Rhizopus from this study in determining the quality of tempeh.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82631758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sipriyadi, A. Wahyudi, M. Suhartono, A. Meryandini
Xylanase is an important hydrolytic enzymes with many application in several industries, but to obtain enzyme derived products is not easy. Thus, the optimization of efficient xylanases production is a great interest for biotechnological application. This study aims to determine the type of substrate, medium composition, and optimum conditions of xylanase production by S. costaricanus 45I-3. Determination of substrate type was done by growing the tested bacteria on birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, oat spelled xylan, corn cobs xylan, and tobacco xylan substrate, meanwhile the determination of medium composition and enzyme production were done by measuring xylanase activity at various substrate concentration and replacing the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate and surfactants source. The results showed that the highest enzymatic index (EI) produced from corn cob xylan substrate at 3.60 meanwhile the second highest was beechwood xylan substrate at 2.87 EI, however this substrate is purer, thus this substrate was selected and used as xylan sources for further optimization measurement. The best xylanase activity (2.29 U/mL) obtained on eighth day after inoculation on rotary incubator at 120 rpm in 28 ºC. Arabinose as the source of carbon generate the highest activity at 3.161 U/mL meanwhile the most preferred source of phosphate is Na2HPO4 (2.37 U/mL). Both source of nitrogen i.e. nitrogen ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract were able to produce xylanase at 2.57 and 2.36 U/mL. The addition of surfactant in production medium showed addition of SDS surfactant (0.146 U/mL) and Tween 80 (0.438 U/mL) showed a negative response by decreasing the activity. The conclusion showed that the xylanase activity was increased after optimization at various C, N, and P sources, and the use of nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4), become a more economical alternative to replacing a nitrogen source yeast extract so it can lower the production costs of xylanase enzyme.
{"title":"Optimization of Xylanase Production by Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 Using Various Substrates through Submerged Fermentation","authors":"S. Sipriyadi, A. Wahyudi, M. Suhartono, A. Meryandini","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Xylanase is an important hydrolytic enzymes with many application in several industries, but to obtain enzyme derived products is not easy. Thus, the optimization of efficient xylanases production is a great interest for biotechnological application. This study aims to determine the type of substrate, medium composition, and optimum conditions of xylanase production by S. costaricanus 45I-3. Determination of substrate type was done by growing the tested bacteria on birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, oat spelled xylan, corn cobs xylan, and tobacco xylan substrate, meanwhile the determination of medium composition and enzyme production were done by measuring xylanase activity at various substrate concentration and replacing the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate and surfactants source. The results showed that the highest enzymatic index (EI) produced from corn cob xylan substrate at 3.60 meanwhile the second highest was beechwood xylan substrate at 2.87 EI, however this substrate is purer, thus this substrate was selected and used as xylan sources for further optimization measurement. The best xylanase activity (2.29 U/mL) obtained on eighth day after inoculation on rotary incubator at 120 rpm in 28 ºC. Arabinose as the source of carbon generate the highest activity at 3.161 U/mL meanwhile the most preferred source of phosphate is Na2HPO4 (2.37 U/mL). Both source of nitrogen i.e. nitrogen ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract were able to produce xylanase at 2.57 and 2.36 U/mL. The addition of surfactant in production medium showed addition of SDS surfactant (0.146 U/mL) and Tween 80 (0.438 U/mL) showed a negative response by decreasing the activity. The conclusion showed that the xylanase activity was increased after optimization at various C, N, and P sources, and the use of nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4), become a more economical alternative to replacing a nitrogen source yeast extract so it can lower the production costs of xylanase enzyme.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90310204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yuliana, P HilmanFitriajiS, Khofi Siti Mukhaufillah, Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh
Monascus sp. can be used as an ingredient in rice fermentation to produce red rice, called Angkak. In Asia, Angkak is used as traditional medicine and food containing bioactive compounds, one of which is monakolin that has the potential to be a nutraceutical. Monascus sp. produces five main pigments: red (monascorubramin, rubropunktamin), orange (monascorubrin, rubropunktatin), and yellow (monaskin, ankaflavin) which have biological activity. In subsequent developments, many new pigments were found which derivatives of the main pigments Monascus sp. are, but information regarding their biological effects is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the pigment derivative compounds of Monascus sp. as a candidate compound for antidiabetic drugs. This study used 57 pigment derivative compounds Monascus sp. which is done In silico. 2GPA protein (Glycogen Phosphorylase) is used as an antidiabetic receptor. The software used in this research includes ChemDraw, Marvin Sketch, Molegro Molecular Viewer, Biovia Discovery Studio, and Autodock. The ADME study was conducted using PreADMET web-based software. The results of the drug scan test on the MPs4 isolate compound have a value that meets the requirements in all parameters such as molecular weight, proton donor, proton acceptor, Log p and molar refractory. The ADME test results on the MPs4 Isolate compound have a value that meets the requirements in all parameters of Caco2, HIA (Human Intestinal Absorption), and in PPB (Protein Plasma Binding). The results of the docking, the Isolate MPs4 compound are the best compounds and meet the requirements because they have smaller binding affinity than natural ligands and comparison ligands (Glibenclamide). The results of this study, MPs4 isolate can be used as a candidate for new antidiabetic drugs, but still requires further research, including In vitro and In vivo tests.
{"title":"In Silico Study on Testing Antidiabetic Compounds Candidate from Azaphilone Monascus sp.","authors":"A. Yuliana, P HilmanFitriajiS, Khofi Siti Mukhaufillah, Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Monascus sp. can be used as an ingredient in rice fermentation to produce red rice, called Angkak. In Asia, Angkak is used as traditional medicine and food containing bioactive compounds, one of which is monakolin that has the potential to be a nutraceutical. Monascus sp. produces five main pigments: red (monascorubramin, rubropunktamin), orange (monascorubrin, rubropunktatin), and yellow (monaskin, ankaflavin) which have biological activity. In subsequent developments, many new pigments were found which derivatives of the main pigments Monascus sp. are, but information regarding their biological effects is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the pigment derivative compounds of Monascus sp. as a candidate compound for antidiabetic drugs. This study used 57 pigment derivative compounds Monascus sp. which is done In silico. 2GPA protein (Glycogen Phosphorylase) is used as an antidiabetic receptor. The software used in this research includes ChemDraw, Marvin Sketch, Molegro Molecular Viewer, Biovia Discovery Studio, and Autodock. The ADME study was conducted using PreADMET web-based software. The results of the drug scan test on the MPs4 isolate compound have a value that meets the requirements in all parameters such as molecular weight, proton donor, proton acceptor, Log p and molar refractory. The ADME test results on the MPs4 Isolate compound have a value that meets the requirements in all parameters of Caco2, HIA (Human Intestinal Absorption), and in PPB (Protein Plasma Binding). The results of the docking, the Isolate MPs4 compound are the best compounds and meet the requirements because they have smaller binding affinity than natural ligands and comparison ligands (Glibenclamide). The results of this study, MPs4 isolate can be used as a candidate for new antidiabetic drugs, but still requires further research, including In vitro and In vivo tests.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"452 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78007401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Ethanol Production by High Temperature-Tolerance Mutant Pichia kudriavzevii T-T2 in various Carbon and Nitrogen Sources","authors":"Monica Ina Martha, R. Astuti, W. Wahyuni","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"23 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91151574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic Interaction of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with NPK Fertilizer to Improve Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Growth under Saline Condition","authors":"I. Ramadhani, S. Widawati","doi":"10.5454/mi.14.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75164229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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