Sara Gustia Wibowo, I. Helianti, A. Suryani, Budiasih Wahyuntari
A two level factorial design was performed to optimized xylanase production by alkalothermophilic Bacillus halodurans CM1 using response surface method. The variables involved in this experiment were carbon (X), 1 nitrogen source (X) concentration, and pH (XCorn cob and fish powder were use as carbon and nitrogen source 2 3 respectively. Statistical analysis of the experimental results in the range studied, only carbon source gave significant effect on xylanase production. A second-order model was proposed to represent the enzyme activity as a function of xylan concentration (X) and pH (X). The optimum corn cobs concentration was 4.37% (w/v), 1 3 fish powder P concentration was 1.75% (w/v) and pH 9. These conditions were tested and validated experimentally since the maximum growth rate achieved with these parameters, and the highest xylanase activity.
{"title":"Application of Response Surface Method in Optimization of Medium Composition for Xylanase Production by Bacillus halodurans CM1 in Submerged Fermentation","authors":"Sara Gustia Wibowo, I. Helianti, A. Suryani, Budiasih Wahyuntari","doi":"10.5454/mi.10.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.10.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"A two level factorial design was performed to optimized xylanase production by alkalothermophilic Bacillus halodurans CM1 using response surface method. The variables involved in this experiment were carbon (X), 1 nitrogen source (X) concentration, and pH (XCorn cob and fish powder were use as carbon and nitrogen source 2 3 respectively. Statistical analysis of the experimental results in the range studied, only carbon source gave significant effect on xylanase production. A second-order model was proposed to represent the enzyme activity as a function of xylan concentration (X) and pH (X). The optimum corn cobs concentration was 4.37% (w/v), 1 3 fish powder P concentration was 1.75% (w/v) and pH 9. These conditions were tested and validated experimentally since the maximum growth rate achieved with these parameters, and the highest xylanase activity.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"13 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81626677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maya Fitriana Ilul Fahmi, E. Kusdiyantini, A. Suprihadi, D. Wulandari, A. Budiharjo
Rhizobacteria are rhizosphere competent bacteria that colonize and proliferate in all the ecological niches found on the plant roots at all stages of plant growth, in the presence of a competing microflora. These bacteria are potential as biological control agent to inhibit the growth of phytopathogen. The aim of this study was to isolate endospore-forming rhizobacteria from cabbage farm and determine its ability as biocontrol against Xanthomonas campestri, a pathogen causing black rot on cabbage. The methods used consisted of isolation, antibacterial activity test, biochemical characterization and molecular identification. Fourteen isolates of endospore-forming rhizobacteria were obtained from cabbage farming. Isolate K.9 had the highest ability to inhibit the growth of X. campestri. Based on molecular characterization by sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, isolate K9 had 97% homology with Bacillus cereus strains BF15.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Endospore-Forming Rhizobacteria from Organic Cabbage Farm Potential as Biocontrol against Phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris","authors":"Maya Fitriana Ilul Fahmi, E. Kusdiyantini, A. Suprihadi, D. Wulandari, A. Budiharjo","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobacteria are rhizosphere competent bacteria that colonize and proliferate in all the ecological niches found on the plant roots at all stages of plant growth, in the presence of a competing microflora. These bacteria are potential as biological control agent to inhibit the growth of phytopathogen. The aim of this study was to isolate endospore-forming rhizobacteria from cabbage farm and determine its ability as biocontrol against Xanthomonas campestri, a pathogen causing black rot on cabbage. The methods used consisted of isolation, antibacterial activity test, biochemical characterization and molecular identification. Fourteen isolates of endospore-forming rhizobacteria were obtained from cabbage farming. Isolate K.9 had the highest ability to inhibit the growth of X. campestri. Based on molecular characterization by sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, isolate K9 had 97% homology with Bacillus cereus strains BF15.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"39 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Suhandono, Heri Setiadi, T. Kristianti, A. B. Kusuma, Andini, Warih Wedaringtyas, Demi T. Djajadi, I. Aryantha
Luwak coffee is a highly-priced coffee produced exclusively by the palm civet or luwak ( Paradoxurus hermaphrodites ssp.). The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of culturable bacteria in the gastro intestinal tract of luwak. The bacterial isolates were phenotypically characterized by their morphology and molecularly by analysis of their1,500bp 16s rDNA sequence. The results showed that Enterobacter cloacae and Lactobacillus brevis were found all over luwak’s digestive tract . Enterobacter cloacae was the most common species. The most diverse bacterial population was found in small intestine. Seven bacterial generawere successfully identified from the small intestine and colon, compared to only five genera found in the stomach.
{"title":"Diversity of Culturable Bacterial in Various Parts of Luwak's (Paradoxurus hermaprodithus javanica) Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"S. Suhandono, Heri Setiadi, T. Kristianti, A. B. Kusuma, Andini, Warih Wedaringtyas, Demi T. Djajadi, I. Aryantha","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Luwak coffee is a highly-priced coffee produced exclusively by the palm civet or luwak ( Paradoxurus hermaphrodites ssp.). The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of culturable bacteria in the gastro intestinal tract of luwak. The bacterial isolates were phenotypically characterized by their morphology and molecularly by analysis of their1,500bp 16s rDNA sequence. The results showed that Enterobacter cloacae and Lactobacillus brevis were found all over luwak’s digestive tract . Enterobacter cloacae was the most common species. The most diverse bacterial population was found in small intestine. Seven bacterial generawere successfully identified from the small intestine and colon, compared to only five genera found in the stomach.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"92 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73305319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. F. W. Putrie, T. Widowati, S. Lekatompessy, H. Sukiman
Aloe is a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species that are known to live in extreme enviroment such as drought condition. Nitrogen fixation procces influenced by the ability of plants to adapt in drought condition. Endophytic bacteria from Aloe and their ability for nitrogen fixation were little reported, but potential and its relationship between the ability for nitrogen fixing with resistance to drought conditions have not been reported. This research aimed study the endophytic bacteria from two varieties of aloe, namely Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe sp. in their ability on conducting the nitrogen fixing process and its relationship with resistance to drought. Characterization of endophytic bacteria were carried out by morphological observation of colony, Gram staining and molecular identification. Screening of nitrogen fixation was done using nitrogen-free semisolid NFb malate medium. Endophytic bacteria from Aloe sp. more than A. barbadensis in their potency of nitrogen fixation which related with habitat where their planted. A total of 40% of the endophytic bacteria isolates from the leaves of the aloe var. A. barbadensis and 62.5% of isolates from var. Aloe sp. are known to have a better ability to fixing nitrogen than the others. Isolates A barbadensis AB 12 and Aloe sp. AS 8 were the best isolates from each varieties on ability for nitrogen fixation. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis those two selected isolates belonged to Bacillus methalotropicus strain DA 16-5 and Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22.
芦荟是一种以天冬肽酸代谢(CAM)为主的植物，在干旱等极端环境下生存。植物干旱适应能力对固氮过程的影响。芦荟内生细菌及其固氮能力报道较少，但其固氮潜力及其与抗旱性之间的关系尚未见报道。本研究旨在研究两个芦荟品种(aloe barbadensis Miller和aloe sp.)的内生细菌进行固氮过程的能力及其与抗旱性的关系。采用菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色和分子鉴定等方法对内生细菌进行鉴定。采用无氮半固态苹果酸NFb培养基进行固氮筛选。芦荟内生细菌的固氮能力高于巴氏独，其固氮能力与生境有关。从巴贝特芦荟(var. A. barbadensis)叶片中分离出的内生细菌中，有40%和62.5%的内生细菌具有较好的固氮能力。在固氮能力方面，各品种中分离的A barbadensis AB 12和Aloe sp. AS 8效果最好。经16S rRNA基因分析，两株分离菌株分别为嗜甲基芽孢杆菌DA 16-5和aryabhattai芽孢杆菌B8W22。
{"title":"Nitrogen Fixing Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe sp.","authors":"R. F. W. Putrie, T. Widowati, S. Lekatompessy, H. Sukiman","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe is a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species that are known to live in extreme enviroment such as drought condition. Nitrogen fixation procces influenced by the ability of plants to adapt in drought condition. Endophytic bacteria from Aloe and their ability for nitrogen fixation were little reported, but potential and its relationship between the ability for nitrogen fixing with resistance to drought conditions have not been reported. This research aimed study the endophytic bacteria from two varieties of aloe, namely Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe sp. in their ability on conducting the nitrogen fixing process and its relationship with resistance to drought. Characterization of endophytic bacteria were carried out by morphological observation of colony, Gram staining and molecular identification. Screening of nitrogen fixation was done using nitrogen-free semisolid NFb malate medium. Endophytic bacteria from Aloe sp. more than A. barbadensis in their potency of nitrogen fixation which related with habitat where their planted. A total of 40% of the endophytic bacteria isolates from the leaves of the aloe var. A. barbadensis and 62.5% of isolates from var. Aloe sp. are known to have a better ability to fixing nitrogen than the others. Isolates A barbadensis AB 12 and Aloe sp. AS 8 were the best isolates from each varieties on ability for nitrogen fixation. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis those two selected isolates belonged to Bacillus methalotropicus strain DA 16-5 and Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"354 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82611108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laksmi Hartayanie, L. Lindayani, Monika Palupi Murniati
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) produces natural antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit and prevent the growth of spoilage bacteria. LAB can be isolated from fermented food such as pickles which fermented at cool temperature. The objective of this research to isolate and to obtain LAB from yellow bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ) shoots pickles that has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . It was made by submerged yellow bamboo shoots in 2.5% of brine solution and kept into sealed container then fermented at chiller (15 o C) temperatures for 10 days. LAB was isolated using MRS agar and identified base on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The result showed that LAB isolates identified as Lactobacilli and had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . All Lactobacilli (21 isolates) that was isolated from fermentation at 15 o C were homofementative.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Bamboo Shoot Pickles Fermented at 15 oC","authors":"Laksmi Hartayanie, L. Lindayani, Monika Palupi Murniati","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) produces natural antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit and prevent the growth of spoilage bacteria. LAB can be isolated from fermented food such as pickles which fermented at cool temperature. The objective of this research to isolate and to obtain LAB from yellow bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ) shoots pickles that has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . It was made by submerged yellow bamboo shoots in 2.5% of brine solution and kept into sealed container then fermented at chiller (15 o C) temperatures for 10 days. LAB was isolated using MRS agar and identified base on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The result showed that LAB isolates identified as Lactobacilli and had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . All Lactobacilli (21 isolates) that was isolated from fermentation at 15 o C were homofementative.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"29 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82882821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Subroto, Wulan Pertiwi, Muhammad Fadhillah, Khomaini Hasan, Ogi Budiantoro, S. Enus, S. Soemitro
Prethrombin-2 is a thrombin precursor that has important role in blood coagulation. It is the smallest precursor which is activated into thrombin by FXa prior to coagulation process. However, as a commercial theurapetic protein in fibrin sealant component, prethrombin-2 must be activated by ecarin before used. Thus, the production process of this protein needs further purification. In order to eliminate ecarin activation step and to increase production efficiency, we designed, cloned and expressed the recombinant autoactivated human prethrombin-2 in Pichia pastoris SMD1168. The variant was designed with 4 mutations, E40A, D47A, G48P, and E52A, following the result of a previous study. The synthetic variant gene was first optimized to conform with P. pastoris codon preference. The optimized synthetic gene was cloned in pD912 plasmid using X ho I and S ac II restriction enzymes. The transformed P. pastoris was selected on agar plate supplemented with 1,000 µg.mL -1 Zeocin as a selection marker. This study showed that autoactivated prethrombin-2 was succesfully expressed extracellularly by P. pastoris SMD1168. The activity of recombinant autoactivated prethrombin-2 using a chromogenic substrate S-2238 was 0.540 unit/mg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that autoactivated human prethrombin-2 was successfully produced extracellularly in P. pastoris .
凝血酶前2是一种凝血酶前体，在血液凝固过程中起重要作用。它是在凝血过程之前被FXa激活成凝血酶的最小前体。然而，作为纤维蛋白密封剂成分中的一种商业治疗蛋白，凝血酶前2必须在使用前被蛇蛋白激活。因此，该蛋白的生产过程需要进一步纯化。为了消除车凝素激活步骤，提高生产效率，我们在毕赤酵母SMD1168中设计、克隆并表达了重组自激活人凝血酶前2。根据先前的研究结果，设计了4个突变，E40A, D47A, G48P和E52A。首先对合成的变异基因进行优化，使其符合巴斯德酵母密码子偏好。利用X ho I和S ac II限制性内切酶将优化后的合成基因克隆到pD912质粒上。将转化后的pastoris选择在添加1000µg的琼脂板上。mL -1 Zeocin作为选择标记物。本研究表明，自身活化的凝血酶-2在ppastoris SMD1168细胞外成功表达。用显色底物S-2238重组自激活凝血酶-2的活性为0.540单位/mg。综上所述，这些结果表明，自激活的人凝血酶前2在巴氏酵母细胞外成功地产生。
{"title":"Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of Autoactivated Human Prethrombin-2 Synthetic Gene by Using Pichia pastoris SMD1168 As a Host","authors":"T. Subroto, Wulan Pertiwi, Muhammad Fadhillah, Khomaini Hasan, Ogi Budiantoro, S. Enus, S. Soemitro","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Prethrombin-2 is a thrombin precursor that has important role in blood coagulation. It is the smallest precursor which is activated into thrombin by FXa prior to coagulation process. However, as a commercial theurapetic protein in fibrin sealant component, prethrombin-2 must be activated by ecarin before used. Thus, the production process of this protein needs further purification. In order to eliminate ecarin activation step and to increase production efficiency, we designed, cloned and expressed the recombinant autoactivated human prethrombin-2 in Pichia pastoris SMD1168. The variant was designed with 4 mutations, E40A, D47A, G48P, and E52A, following the result of a previous study. The synthetic variant gene was first optimized to conform with P. pastoris codon preference. The optimized synthetic gene was cloned in pD912 plasmid using X ho I and S ac II restriction enzymes. The transformed P. pastoris was selected on agar plate supplemented with 1,000 µg.mL -1 Zeocin as a selection marker. This study showed that autoactivated prethrombin-2 was succesfully expressed extracellularly by P. pastoris SMD1168. The activity of recombinant autoactivated prethrombin-2 using a chromogenic substrate S-2238 was 0.540 unit/mg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that autoactivated human prethrombin-2 was successfully produced extracellularly in P. pastoris .","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"62 6 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82598095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeva Rosana, D. Ocviyanti, A. Karuniawati, S. R. Akhmad
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. Women are 3 times more likely to have UTI than men. The UTI accounts for 15% infection cases in outpatients and 24% cases in hospitalized patients. Although the most common cause of UTI is certain bacteria, but it was not easy to choose the appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Strategy for choosing empiric antimicrobial treatments for UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients should be based on the pattern of the causative organisms. The aim of this study was to understand the microbial pattern causing UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients in Jakarta. The UTI -1 causative microorganisms were obtained from urine culture containing 100,000 cfu/mL . Twenty nine microorganisms were found as the causative agents of UTI in 317 pregnant women who came to six Community Health Centres (Puskesmas) in Jakarta: Makassar; Pulogadung, Cakung, Pasar Rebo, Duren Sawit, and Kramat Jati for antenatal care. Twenty nine microorganisms were isolated from 114 urine samples of female hospitalized patients who were diagnosed of UTI. The samples were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory Clinic of FKUI-RSCM. The most common microorganisms causing UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients were Gram negative bacteria. In female outpatients, Klebsiella sp was the most common causative bacteria (31%), followed by Escherichia coli (24.1%). In female hospitalized patients, Escherichia coli was the most common causative bacteria (30%), followed by Candida sp (24.1%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (6.8%). There was more variation in the pattern of UTI causative organisms in hospitalized female patients in comparison to that of the outpatients. Candida sp. was only found in hospitalized UTI patients but not in outpatients.
尿路感染(UTI)是泌尿系统任何部位的感染。女性患尿路感染的可能性是男性的3倍。尿路感染占门诊患者感染病例的15%和住院患者感染病例的24%。虽然尿路感染最常见的原因是某些细菌，但选择合适的抗菌药物治疗并不容易。女性门诊和住院患者尿路感染的经验性抗菌药物的选择策略应基于病原菌的类型。本研究的目的是了解雅加达女性门诊和住院患者中引起尿路感染的微生物模式。尿培养10万cfu/mL，获得UTI -1病原微生物。在雅加达6个社区卫生中心(Puskesmas)的317名孕妇中发现29种微生物是尿路感染的病原体:望加锡;Pulogadung, Cakung, Pasar Rebo, Duren Sawit和Kramat Jati提供产前保健。从114例诊断为尿路感染的住院女性患者尿液样本中分离出29种微生物。样本来自福建医科大学微生物学检验诊所。导致女性门诊和住院患者尿路感染最常见的微生物是革兰氏阴性菌。在女性门诊患者中，克雷伯氏杆菌是最常见的致病菌(31%)，其次是大肠杆菌(24.1%)。在女性住院患者中，大肠杆菌是最常见的致病菌(30%)，其次是念珠菌(24.1%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(6.8%)。与门诊患者相比，住院女性患者尿路感染病原菌的模式差异更大。念珠菌仅在住院尿路感染患者中发现，未在门诊患者中发现。
{"title":"Comparison of Microbial Pattern Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Female Out- and Hospitalized Patients in Jakarta","authors":"Yeva Rosana, D. Ocviyanti, A. Karuniawati, S. R. Akhmad","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. Women are 3 times more likely to have UTI than men. The UTI accounts for 15% infection cases in outpatients and 24% cases in hospitalized patients. Although the most common cause of UTI is certain bacteria, but it was not easy to choose the appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Strategy for choosing empiric antimicrobial treatments for UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients should be based on the pattern of the causative organisms. The aim of this study was to understand the microbial pattern causing UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients in Jakarta. The UTI -1 causative microorganisms were obtained from urine culture containing 100,000 cfu/mL . Twenty nine microorganisms were found as the causative agents of UTI in 317 pregnant women who came to six Community Health Centres (Puskesmas) in Jakarta: Makassar; Pulogadung, Cakung, Pasar Rebo, Duren Sawit, and Kramat Jati for antenatal care. Twenty nine microorganisms were isolated from 114 urine samples of female hospitalized patients who were diagnosed of UTI. The samples were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory Clinic of FKUI-RSCM. The most common microorganisms causing UTI in female out- and hospitalized patients were Gram negative bacteria. In female outpatients, Klebsiella sp was the most common causative bacteria (31%), followed by Escherichia coli (24.1%). In female hospitalized patients, Escherichia coli was the most common causative bacteria (30%), followed by Candida sp (24.1%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (6.8%). There was more variation in the pattern of UTI causative organisms in hospitalized female patients in comparison to that of the outpatients. Candida sp. was only found in hospitalized UTI patients but not in outpatients.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"34 1","pages":"5-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86976651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Surya, D. Iskandriati, S. Mariya, U. Saepuloh, Permanawati Permanawati, D. Sajuthi, J. Pamungkas
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus with liver as primary target organ.This virus caused chronic infection that can progress to cirrhosis, liver cancer and even death. In vitro model system of hepatocyte cultures is important and widely used to study a variety aspects of hepatitis B. Development of small animal Tupaia sp . for the in vitro model system is an alternative to the existinghepatocyte cultures. The specific purpose of the studyis to develop Tupaia javanica hepatocytes culture for HBV replication, and in a broader spectrum to answer the need for in vitro model of hepatocytes. Primary T. j avanica hepatocytes (PTH) culture was successfully maintained for 14 days to reach 80% confluence, and infection of Javan gibbon HBV (GiHBV) and orangutan HBV (OuHBV) onto the culture on day 15 showed viral replication for up to eight days as measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR quantification indicated that the highest copy number of DNA virus was detected onday two anddecreased until day 8 after infection. Cell receptor for HBV attachment, known as sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide was expressed on the surface of PTH and shown as green luminenscent when observed by immunofluorescence assay. Sequence of partialS gene from the apes HBVs after the viruses have been infected to the PTH showed amino acid identity to their wildtype as high as 99.29% for GiHBV and 95.71% for OuHBV. This study suggested that the PTH can support the replication of GiHBV and OuHBV.
{"title":"Primary Tupaia javanica Hepatocytes Cultures As In Vitro Replication System for Ape Hepatitis B Viruses","authors":"M. Surya, D. Iskandriati, S. Mariya, U. Saepuloh, Permanawati Permanawati, D. Sajuthi, J. Pamungkas","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus with liver as primary target organ.This virus caused chronic infection that can progress to cirrhosis, liver cancer and even death. In vitro model system of hepatocyte cultures is important and widely used to study a variety aspects of hepatitis B. Development of small animal Tupaia sp . for the in vitro model system is an alternative to the existinghepatocyte cultures. The specific purpose of the studyis to develop Tupaia javanica hepatocytes culture for HBV replication, and in a broader spectrum to answer the need for in vitro model of hepatocytes. Primary T. j avanica hepatocytes (PTH) culture was successfully maintained for 14 days to reach 80% confluence, and infection of Javan gibbon HBV (GiHBV) and orangutan HBV (OuHBV) onto the culture on day 15 showed viral replication for up to eight days as measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR quantification indicated that the highest copy number of DNA virus was detected onday two anddecreased until day 8 after infection. Cell receptor for HBV attachment, known as sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide was expressed on the surface of PTH and shown as green luminenscent when observed by immunofluorescence assay. Sequence of partialS gene from the apes HBVs after the viruses have been infected to the PTH showed amino acid identity to their wildtype as high as 99.29% for GiHBV and 95.71% for OuHBV. This study suggested that the PTH can support the replication of GiHBV and OuHBV.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90251457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riezki Amalia, W. Ismaya, Fernita Puspasari, Khomaini Hasan, T. Subroto, D. Natalia, S. Soemitro
α-Amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera R64 is a non-adsorbing raw-starch degrading enzyme, a unique characteristic. This character is difficult to explain in the absence of its three-dimensional structure. Here we discuss the expression of a-amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera in Pichia pastoris and the effect of site directed mutagenesis on its activity. A model based on the structure of its homologs suggested mutation of codon of Tyr401 into that of a Trp residue. An activity study using whole cells P. pastoris showed similar substrate degradation rates by cells carrying either the native or mutant amylase encoding gene. However, the purified enzyme of the mutant strain showed faster starch hydrolysis.
{"title":"Heterologous Expression of α-Amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera R64 and its Tyr401Trp Mutant in Pichia pastoris","authors":"Riezki Amalia, W. Ismaya, Fernita Puspasari, Khomaini Hasan, T. Subroto, D. Natalia, S. Soemitro","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"α-Amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera R64 is a non-adsorbing raw-starch degrading enzyme, a unique characteristic. This character is difficult to explain in the absence of its three-dimensional structure. Here we discuss the expression of a-amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera in Pichia pastoris and the effect of site directed mutagenesis on its activity. A model based on the structure of its homologs suggested mutation of codon of Tyr401 into that of a Trp residue. An activity study using whole cells P. pastoris showed similar substrate degradation rates by cells carrying either the native or mutant amylase encoding gene. However, the purified enzyme of the mutant strain showed faster starch hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"31 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90133142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until presently, relatively toxic and expensive chemical reageants are routinely used in the flotation of sulfide and oxide minerals. To establish a more environmentally friendly flotation process, alternative flotation reagents have been explored extensively by using microbes and their metabolic products such as biosurfactants or EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) as high molecular weight biosurfactants. Hence, the present work focused on the application of the mixotrophic bacteria capable of both producing biosurfactants and oxidizing iron-sulfur (herein Bacillus pumilus strain SKC-2 and Citrobacter youngae strain SKC-4) as flotation bioreagents in the microflotation of chalcopyrite, pyrite and silica. Laboratory microflotation tests using both bacterial strains as bioreagents were evaluated as a function of conditioning time, pH and bacterial cell concentration. Experimental evidence indicated that the chalcopyrite recoveries could be achived using both bacterial strains but its better recovery was obtained with the bacterium Citrobacter youngae as bioreagents. The findings of this study thus suggest the possible application of these bacterial strains as flotation bioreagents in order for establishing a more eco-friendly mineral processing.
{"title":"Utilization of the Bacteria Bacillus pumilus and Citrobacter youngae as Flotation Bioreagents in the Microflotation of Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, and Silica","authors":"E. Sanwani, D. Hidayati, S. Chaerun","doi":"10.5454/MI.10.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.10.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Until presently, relatively toxic and expensive chemical reageants are routinely used in the flotation of sulfide and oxide minerals. To establish a more environmentally friendly flotation process, alternative flotation reagents have been explored extensively by using microbes and their metabolic products such as biosurfactants or EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) as high molecular weight biosurfactants. Hence, the present work focused on the application of the mixotrophic bacteria capable of both producing biosurfactants and oxidizing iron-sulfur (herein Bacillus pumilus strain SKC-2 and Citrobacter youngae strain SKC-4) as flotation bioreagents in the microflotation of chalcopyrite, pyrite and silica. Laboratory microflotation tests using both bacterial strains as bioreagents were evaluated as a function of conditioning time, pH and bacterial cell concentration. Experimental evidence indicated that the chalcopyrite recoveries could be achived using both bacterial strains but its better recovery was obtained with the bacterium Citrobacter youngae as bioreagents. The findings of this study thus suggest the possible application of these bacterial strains as flotation bioreagents in order for establishing a more eco-friendly mineral processing.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"14 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74417714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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