Maulita Cut Nuria, Aulia Everestina Pujaka, E. Safitri
Salmonella typhimurium bacteria could cause gastroenteritis and its growth could be controlled by the active compounds from natural products, which is Portulaca oleracea L. herb. Portulaca oleracea contained tannin, saponins and flavonoids compounds which had different characteristics towards temperature extraction. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb from various extraction methods against S. typhimurium bacteria. Extraction of Portulaca oleracea herb was carried out with four variations methods which were the cold method (maceration and percolation) and heat method (soxhlet and refluxs) using 96% ethanol solvent. The four types of extract were tested for their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion at concentrations of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% (b/v). The positive control was chloramphenicol 30 µg/disk, while the negative control was DMSO solvent. The results of antibacterial activity test in the form of zone of inhibition were statistically analyzed by Two Way Anova. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb from various extraction methods had antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium. There was a significantly difference in the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb obtained from the reflux method with other methods (maceration, percolation and soxhlet) against S. typhimurium. Keywords: ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea L. herb, antibacterial, Salmonella typhimurium, various extraction methods
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Portulaca oleracea L. Herb from Various Extraction Methods Against Salmonella typhimurium","authors":"Maulita Cut Nuria, Aulia Everestina Pujaka, E. Safitri","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella typhimurium bacteria could cause gastroenteritis and its growth could be controlled by the active compounds from natural products, which is Portulaca oleracea L. herb. Portulaca oleracea contained tannin, saponins and flavonoids compounds which had different characteristics towards temperature extraction. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb from various extraction methods against S. typhimurium bacteria. Extraction of Portulaca oleracea herb was carried out with four variations methods which were the cold method (maceration and percolation) and heat method (soxhlet and refluxs) using 96% ethanol solvent. The four types of extract were tested for their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion at concentrations of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% (b/v). The positive control was chloramphenicol 30 µg/disk, while the negative control was DMSO solvent. The results of antibacterial activity test in the form of zone of inhibition were statistically analyzed by Two Way Anova. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb from various extraction methods had antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium. There was a significantly difference in the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the Portulaca oleracea herb obtained from the reflux method with other methods (maceration, percolation and soxhlet) against S. typhimurium. \u0000 Keywords: ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea L. herb, antibacterial, Salmonella typhimurium, various extraction methods","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86594147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sukmarini, M. F. Warsito, F. Untari, A. Prasetyoputri, F. Rachman, E. Septiana, A. Bayu, M. Putra, A. Atikana
Ginger is a rhizomatous perennial herb that grows abundantly in tropical areas. It has been used around the world as a spice, flavoring agent, and ingredient in traditional medicine. Ginger essential oils (GEOs) are derivatives of ginger that can be found in various products used in daily life, such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. The present study analyzed the chemical compositions, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of three commercially available GEOs. The compositions of GEOs were identified using the gas chromatography method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay methods. The antibacterial activity was determined using a disc diffusion assay based on the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ). The main compounds identified from the samples were zingiberene, α-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, camphene, α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-pinene, and 3-carene. The IC50 values were found to be 5.3023 and 1.4504 mg/mL for GEO1; 0.9249 and 0.5276 mg/mL for GEO2; and 10.4463 and 3.3535 mg/mL for GEO3 when evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assay methods, respectively. All samples showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420 and Bacillus subtilis (collection of Indonesian Institute of Sciences), while only GEO2 and 3 displayed inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Ginger Essential Oils","authors":"L. Sukmarini, M. F. Warsito, F. Untari, A. Prasetyoputri, F. Rachman, E. Septiana, A. Bayu, M. Putra, A. Atikana","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger is a rhizomatous perennial herb that grows abundantly in tropical areas. It has been used around the world as a spice, flavoring agent, and ingredient in traditional medicine. Ginger essential oils (GEOs) are derivatives of ginger that can be found in various products used in daily life, such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. The present study analyzed the chemical compositions, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of three commercially available GEOs. The compositions of GEOs were identified using the gas chromatography method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay methods. The antibacterial activity was determined using a disc diffusion assay based on the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ). The main compounds identified from the samples were zingiberene, α-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, camphene, α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-pinene, and 3-carene. The IC50 values were found to be 5.3023 and 1.4504 mg/mL for GEO1; 0.9249 and 0.5276 mg/mL for GEO2; and 10.4463 and 3.3535 mg/mL for GEO3 when evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assay methods, respectively. All samples showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420 and Bacillus subtilis (collection of Indonesian Institute of Sciences), while only GEO2 and 3 displayed inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90369699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Retnoningrum, A. .. Artarini, W. Ismaya, Abykhair Muhammad, Muhammad D. Fadilah, R. A. Utami
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from bacteria shares high amino acid sequence homology and nearly identical structure. Despite of that, their characteristics are diverse, which likely due to their bacterial origin and adaptation to the environment. Most importantly, their structural similarity extends to eukaryotic MnSOD, i.e. human. Therefore, structural study of bacterial MnSOD is relevant to its human SOD and henceforth for its use in human as a therapeutic agent or a cosmetic ingredient. Further, eukaryotic MnSOD occurs as a tetramer while almost all of the prokaryotic are dimeric. In this review, relationship between the amino acid sequences and structures of MnSOD as well as their origin and evolution is discussed. The structures of FeSOD and cambialistic SOD, which are MnSOD closest homologs, are visited as the comparison. This study provides an insight to potential safe application of bacterial MnSOD, including necessary modifications to obtain desired characteristics for applications in human.
{"title":"Relationship and structural diversity of bacterial manganese superoxide dismutases and the strategy for its application in therapy and cosmetics","authors":"D. Retnoningrum, A. .. Artarini, W. Ismaya, Abykhair Muhammad, Muhammad D. Fadilah, R. A. Utami","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from bacteria shares high amino acid sequence homology and nearly identical structure. Despite of that, their characteristics are diverse, which likely due to their bacterial origin and adaptation to the environment. Most importantly, their structural similarity extends to eukaryotic MnSOD, i.e. human. Therefore, structural study of bacterial MnSOD is relevant to its human SOD and henceforth for its use in human as a therapeutic agent or a cosmetic ingredient. Further, eukaryotic MnSOD occurs as a tetramer while almost all of the prokaryotic are dimeric. In this review, relationship between the amino acid sequences and structures of MnSOD as well as their origin and evolution is discussed. The structures of FeSOD and cambialistic SOD, which are MnSOD closest homologs, are visited as the comparison. This study provides an insight to potential safe application of bacterial MnSOD, including necessary modifications to obtain desired characteristics for applications in human.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"1990 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82320480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Chitinolytic bacteria can produce chitinase, reported as a biocontrol agent against plants. This research aims to see chitinolytic activity in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Anti fungal testing in dual culture test by growing each of the chitinolytic bacteria, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Brevibacillus reuszeri, with the pathogenic fungi, F. oxysporum and R. solani, in Petri dishes containing Chitin Agar Media facing a distance of 3 cm. The results showed that chitinolytic bacterial isolates were capable inhibit the fungus by having the activity of each index inhibition of L. fusiformis isolates (30%), B. reuszeri (77%) against F. oxysporum, and R. solani fungi isolates (100%) for each chitinolytic bacterial isolate. Keywords : Anti fungal, Chitinolytic bacteria, Pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Anti Fungal Activity of Chitinolytic Bacteria Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Brevibacillus reuszeri Against The Fungal Pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"M. Masri, Eka Sukmawaty, As Awalia Amir","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chitinolytic bacteria can produce chitinase, reported as a biocontrol agent against plants. This research aims to see chitinolytic activity in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Anti fungal testing in dual culture test by growing each of the chitinolytic bacteria, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Brevibacillus reuszeri, with the pathogenic fungi, F. oxysporum and R. solani, in Petri dishes containing Chitin Agar Media facing a distance of 3 cm. The results showed that chitinolytic bacterial isolates were capable inhibit the fungus by having the activity of each index inhibition of L. fusiformis isolates (30%), B. reuszeri (77%) against F. oxysporum, and R. solani fungi isolates (100%) for each chitinolytic bacterial isolate. \u0000 \u0000Keywords : Anti fungal, Chitinolytic bacteria, Pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86379980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia is one of 22 countries with a high incidence of TB in the world, particularly related to TB-HIV and MDR-TB cases. Contamination of normal flora from nasopharyngeal tract is the main problem to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from sputum. It is needed a safe solution to decontaminate without killing MTB bacilli. N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) is compared with modified Petroff’s which is widely used in laboratories, to get better outcome. Of the 110 sputum samples were collected from suspected cases of Pulmonary TB. Decontamination using 2% NALC-NaOH and Modifed Petroff (4% NaOH) was performed before AFB smear and culture on LJ medium. Each group was assessed for contamination and culture positive rate. The positive culture was validated using chromatography test for detected antigen MPT-64 and PNB. Result of this study showed that NALC-NaOH and modified Petroff’s methods did not significantly affect positivity rate of Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) smear, 71% and 66% respectively. Contamination on culture was significantly (p=0,034) higher in samples treated with NALC-NaOH (21%) compared to Modified Petroff methods(13%). Proportion of positive culture on samples treated with NALC-NaOH was lower than Modified Petroff, 65% and 70% respectively with p value=1. Conclusion of this study showed that sputum decontamination using Modified Petroff methods is still more effective than NALC-NaOH to increase positivity rate of MTB culture. However, the two methods were not significantly different to get positivity result on the microscopic examination of AFB.
{"title":"Comparison of N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide and Modified Petroff’s Decontamination Methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture","authors":"Ariyani Kiranasari, M. Rayhan","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is one of 22 countries with a high incidence of TB in the world, particularly related to TB-HIV and MDR-TB cases. Contamination of normal flora from nasopharyngeal tract is the main problem to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from sputum. It is needed a safe solution to decontaminate without killing MTB bacilli. N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) is compared with modified Petroff’s which is widely used in laboratories, to get better outcome. Of the 110 sputum samples were collected from suspected cases of Pulmonary TB. Decontamination using 2% NALC-NaOH and Modifed Petroff (4% NaOH) was performed before AFB smear and culture on LJ medium. Each group was assessed for contamination and culture positive rate. The positive culture was validated using chromatography test for detected antigen MPT-64 and PNB. Result of this study showed that NALC-NaOH and modified Petroff’s methods did not significantly affect positivity rate of Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) smear, 71% and 66% respectively. Contamination on culture was significantly (p=0,034) higher in samples treated with NALC-NaOH (21%) compared to Modified Petroff methods(13%). Proportion of positive culture on samples treated with NALC-NaOH was lower than Modified Petroff, 65% and 70% respectively with p value=1. Conclusion of this study showed that sputum decontamination using Modified Petroff methods is still more effective than NALC-NaOH to increase positivity rate of MTB culture. However, the two methods were not significantly different to get positivity result on the microscopic examination of AFB.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76744849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Domestication of wild fungal strains involved in the manufacture of traditional fermented foods often occurs spontaneously. Rhizopodopsis javensis (Rh. javensis) is taxonomically close to Rhizopus. The wild strain Rhizopodopsis javensis has found in cool climates can be developed as a starter in tempeh production in temperate regions. Before formulating it as a tempeh starter, a wild strain of Rh. javensis needs to be domesticated in human-made niches. A wild strain of Rh. javensis was domesticated by subculture using rice flour media at optimum growth temperature and carried out every five days. The spore's density and viability and the starter's water content were used to determine its quality. The results showed that Rh. javensis grew optimally at 22 ℃. With seven-time subcultures using rice flour media, the domestication process did not change the Rh. javensis growth rate and colony appearance. The growth rate of Rh. javensis is relatively the same as that of commercial tempeh starter and pure R. microsporus var. oligosporus, at each optimal growth temperature. In the rice flour media as a carrier, Rh. javensis produces spore's density that is relatively the same as that of commercial tempeh starter but with lower spore's viability and higher water content. Therefore, Rh. javensis cannot be used as a starter to produce tempeh in the temperate region. The carrier material and drying processes still need to be modified to increase spore viability and improve the overall quality, including the starter's lifespan. Keywords: food fermentation, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, spore's viability, starter quality, wild strain ABSTRAK Domestikasi galur liar kapang yang terlibat dalam dalam pembuatan makanan fermentasi tradisional, sering terjadi secara spontan. Rhizopodopsis javensis (Rh. javensis) merupakan salah satu galur liar kapang yang memiliki hubungan taksonomi dekat dengan Rhizopus. Strain liar ini ditemukan di daerah beriklim sejuk, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai starter tempe untuk produksi di daerah beriklim sedang. Untuk mendapatkan kultur yang tumbuh subur di relung (niches) buatan manusia, strain liar Rh. javensis perlu didomestikasi terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendomestikasi strain Rh. javensis liar yang dilanjutkan dengan memformulasikannya sebagai starter tempe. Domestikasi dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan strain liar Rh. javensis pada media tepung beras pada suhu pertumbuhan optimum dan diulangi setiap lima hari. Kerapatan dan viabilitas spora, serta kadar air starter digunakan sebagai penilaian keberhasilan starter. Hasil penelitian menemukan Rh. javensis tumbuh optimal pada suhu 22 ℃. Domestikasi dengan cara subkultur koloni Rh. javensis pada media tepung beras selama 7 kali tidak mengubah kecepatan pertumbuhan Rh. javensis dan penampakan koloni. Laju pertumbuhan Rh. javensis relatif sama dengan laju pertumbuhan starter tempe komersial dan R. microsporus var. oligosporus murni, pa
参与传统发酵食品生产的野生真菌菌株的驯化往往是自发发生的。爪哇根opoopsis javensis (Rh。javensis)在分类上接近根霉。在寒冷气候中发现的野生菌株javopodopsis可以作为温带地区豆豉生产的发酵剂。在将其作为豆豉发酵剂之前，一种野生的Rh菌株。爪哇需要在人为的生态位中驯化。一种野生的Rh。在适宜的生长温度下，采用米粉培养基进行继代驯化，每隔5天进行一次。用孢子密度、活力和发酵剂含水量测定其质量。结果表明:Rh。爪哇在22℃下生长最佳。在使用米粉培养基进行的7次传代培养中，驯化过程没有改变Rh。爪哇的生长速度和菌落外观。Rh的生长速率。在各个最佳生长温度下，爪哇菌的生长与商品豆豉发酵剂和纯小孢子菌变种寡孢子菌的生长相对相同。以米粉介质为载体，Rh。Javensis产生的孢子密度与商品豆豉发酵剂相对相同，但孢子活力较低，含水量较高。因此,Rh。在温带地区，爪哇不能用作生产豆豉的发酵剂。载体材料和干燥过程仍然需要改进，以增加孢子活力和提高整体质量，包括发酵剂的寿命。关键词:食品发酵，小孢子根霉，孢子活力，发酵剂质量，野生菌种爪哇根opoopsis javensis (Rh。根霉，根霉，根霉，根霉。菌株diemukan di daerah beriklim sejuk, sehinga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai发酵剂tempe untuk产品duksi di daerah beriklim sejuk。Untuk mendapatkan culture yang tumbuh subbur di relung(壁龛)buatan manusia, strain liar Rh。爪哇石竹(perlu didomestikasi terlebih dahulu)。Rh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendomestikasi菌株。爪哇植物杨dilanjutkan dengan memformulasikannya sebagai starter teme。家蝇属白屈菌属。爪哇植物媒材tepung beras pada suhu pertumbuhan最佳丹迪兰吉设置利马哈里。Kerapatan dan viabilitas spora, serta kadar air starter digunakan sebagai penilaian keberhasilan starter。Hasil penelitian menemukan Rh。爪哇最适生长于苏湖22℃。家属语:家属语:家属语爪哇植物媒介tepung beras selama 7 kali tidak mengubba keepatan pertumbuhan Rh。Javensis Dan penampakan koloni。Laju pertumbuhan Rh。小孢子菌、小孢子菌、少孢子菌、苏胡菌的最佳发酵。配方:tepung beras sebagai media pembawa starter Rh。Javensis, menghasilkan kerapatan spora Yang的亲戚sama dengan的发酵剂，namun viabilitas sporanya rendah Dan kadar airnya tinggi。起动器Rh。爪哇人的生活习性。基材制备了一种新的发酵剂，可用于发酵、发酵、发酵、发酵、发酵、发酵、发酵等。关键词:马卡南发酵剂;小孢子根霉;寡孢子根霉
{"title":"Domestication and Formulation of Rhizopodopsis Javensis as Tempeh Starter","authors":"G. Rahayu, Efriwati Efriwati, S. Veronica","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Domestication of wild fungal strains involved in the manufacture of traditional fermented foods often occurs spontaneously. Rhizopodopsis javensis (Rh. javensis) is taxonomically close to Rhizopus. The wild strain Rhizopodopsis javensis has found in cool climates can be developed as a starter in tempeh production in temperate regions. Before formulating it as a tempeh starter, a wild strain of Rh. javensis needs to be domesticated in human-made niches. A wild strain of Rh. javensis was domesticated by subculture using rice flour media at optimum growth temperature and carried out every five days. The spore's density and viability and the starter's water content were used to determine its quality. The results showed that Rh. javensis grew optimally at 22 ℃. With seven-time subcultures using rice flour media, the domestication process did not change the Rh. javensis growth rate and colony appearance. The growth rate of Rh. javensis is relatively the same as that of commercial tempeh starter and pure R. microsporus var. oligosporus, at each optimal growth temperature. In the rice flour media as a carrier, Rh. javensis produces spore's density that is relatively the same as that of commercial tempeh starter but with lower spore's viability and higher water content. Therefore, Rh. javensis cannot be used as a starter to produce tempeh in the temperate region. The carrier material and drying processes still need to be modified to increase spore viability and improve the overall quality, including the starter's lifespan. \u0000Keywords: food fermentation, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, spore's viability, starter quality, wild strain \u0000ABSTRAK \u0000Domestikasi galur liar kapang yang terlibat dalam dalam pembuatan makanan fermentasi tradisional, sering terjadi secara spontan. Rhizopodopsis javensis (Rh. javensis) merupakan salah satu galur liar kapang yang memiliki hubungan taksonomi dekat dengan Rhizopus. Strain liar ini ditemukan di daerah beriklim sejuk, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai starter tempe untuk produksi di daerah beriklim sedang. Untuk mendapatkan kultur yang tumbuh subur di relung (niches) buatan manusia, strain liar Rh. javensis perlu didomestikasi terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendomestikasi strain Rh. javensis liar yang dilanjutkan dengan memformulasikannya sebagai starter tempe. Domestikasi dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan strain liar Rh. javensis pada media tepung beras pada suhu pertumbuhan optimum dan diulangi setiap lima hari. Kerapatan dan viabilitas spora, serta kadar air starter digunakan sebagai penilaian keberhasilan starter. Hasil penelitian menemukan Rh. javensis tumbuh optimal pada suhu 22 ℃. Domestikasi dengan cara subkultur koloni Rh. javensis pada media tepung beras selama 7 kali tidak mengubah kecepatan pertumbuhan Rh. javensis dan penampakan koloni. Laju pertumbuhan Rh. javensis relatif sama dengan laju pertumbuhan starter tempe komersial dan R. microsporus var. oligosporus murni, pa","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76481188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilfridus Adyatma Putranto, R. A. Nugroho, P. S. Hardiyanta, Desti Christian Cahyaningrum
The pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) negatively affects the yield and quality of the plant. A number of biological control agents have been used for protecting tomato plants against wilt diseases including various fungal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonism effects of Trichoderma atroviride and T. harzianum against the pathogen Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt. In this study, the antagonism of these Trichoderma spp. against the Fusarium sp. was tested in vitro by the dual culture technique, and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) and the antagonism reaction (scale 1-5) were evaluated. The results showed that T. atroviride and T. harzianum led to 70.8% PIRG and scale 1 antagonism reaction, and 40.6% PIRG and scale 3 antagonism reaction against Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt after 7 days of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that application of T. atroviride and T. harzianum may be promising approach for biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato and may play an important role in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Are Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum Effective to Control Fusarium Associated With Tomato Wilt?","authors":"Wilfridus Adyatma Putranto, R. A. Nugroho, P. S. Hardiyanta, Desti Christian Cahyaningrum","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) negatively affects the yield and quality of the plant. A number of biological control agents have been used for protecting tomato plants against wilt diseases including various fungal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonism effects of Trichoderma atroviride and T. harzianum against the pathogen Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt. In this study, the antagonism of these Trichoderma spp. against the Fusarium sp. was tested in vitro by the dual culture technique, and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) and the antagonism reaction (scale 1-5) were evaluated. The results showed that T. atroviride and T. harzianum led to 70.8% PIRG and scale 1 antagonism reaction, and 40.6% PIRG and scale 3 antagonism reaction against Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt after 7 days of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that application of T. atroviride and T. harzianum may be promising approach for biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato and may play an important role in sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87296635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewi Nandyawati, D. I. Astuti, N. Nurhayati, A. Riswoko, I. Helianti
Ramie fiber is a potential raw material to substitute imported raw materials such as cotton. Due to its higher hemicellulose content, ramie fiber required hydrolysis in a process called degumming. Enzymatic degumming is environmentally friendly compared to traditional process which using chemicals. Alkalithermophilic xylanase have high ability in hemicellulose hydrolysis. The production of xylanase was conducted by submerged fermentation of Bacillus halodurans CM1 in 20L bioreactor using Mamo and corncob medium with optimum conditions at 50°C, pH 9, 150 RPM and 1 vvm. The optimum specific activity of xylanase measured by Bailey method at 70°C and pH 9 is 475.41 U/mg. Xylanase was stable at 50°C, pH 9 and relatively stable to K+, Na2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ions and Triton-X, Saba dan Tween-80 surfactants. Degumming process was carried out by immersing ramie fibers in formulated degumming solution with vlot 1:20 at 50°C, 150 RPM and 180 minutes. The enzymatic degumming process may substitute or reduce the use of chemicals due to its significant effect on ramie fiber quality. Enzymatic and chemical degumming process reduce the weight of Ramie Fiber to 7.23 %, and 7.72 %, slightly higher than enzymatic degumming 7.15%. Enzymatic degumming maintains tensile strength at 27.51 %. Whiteness index enhanced to 2.99% enzymatically and 3.49% chemically. Keywords: Bacillus halodurans CM1, enzymatic degumming, ramie fiber, textile industry, thermoalkaliphilic xylanase
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Thermoalkaliphilic Xylanase from Bacillus halodurans CM1 on Degumming Process of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.Gaud)Fiber as Textile Raw Material","authors":"Dewi Nandyawati, D. I. Astuti, N. Nurhayati, A. Riswoko, I. Helianti","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ramie fiber is a potential raw material to substitute imported raw materials such as cotton. Due to its higher hemicellulose content, ramie fiber required hydrolysis in a process called degumming. Enzymatic degumming is environmentally friendly compared to traditional process which using chemicals. Alkalithermophilic xylanase have high ability in hemicellulose hydrolysis. The production of xylanase was conducted by submerged fermentation of Bacillus halodurans CM1 in 20L bioreactor using Mamo and corncob medium with optimum conditions at 50°C, pH 9, 150 RPM and 1 vvm. The optimum specific activity of xylanase measured by Bailey method at 70°C and pH 9 is 475.41 U/mg. Xylanase was stable at 50°C, pH 9 and relatively stable to K+, Na2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ions and Triton-X, Saba dan Tween-80 surfactants. Degumming process was carried out by immersing ramie fibers in formulated degumming solution with vlot 1:20 at 50°C, 150 RPM and 180 minutes. The enzymatic degumming process may substitute or reduce the use of chemicals due to its significant effect on ramie fiber quality. Enzymatic and chemical degumming process reduce the weight of Ramie Fiber to 7.23 %, and 7.72 %, slightly higher than enzymatic degumming 7.15%. Enzymatic degumming maintains tensile strength at 27.51 %. Whiteness index enhanced to 2.99% enzymatically and 3.49% chemically. \u0000Keywords: Bacillus halodurans CM1, enzymatic degumming, ramie fiber, textile industry, thermoalkaliphilic xylanase","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78267405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia is a famous country had the diversity of plants, especially agricultural product and herbs, they had a potential of antimicrobial as a like Jasmine Flower (Jasminum sambac Ait). This study Indonesia is a famous country had the diversity of plants, especially agricultural product and herbs, they had a potential of antimicrobial as a like Jasmine Flower (Jasminum sambac Ait). This study aimed to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of jasmine flower. Extraction was done by maceration, such as using water solvent, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane as the solvent. The sample bacteria used were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study used disc diffusion method, with a complete 2-factor random design and 4 replications. Processing of the data is using ANOVA. The results showed that the jasmine extracts with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% had an effect to inhibit of the growth of the bacteria. Jasmine extract with ethyl acetate solvent was the most effective to inhibit the growth of bacteria. It was known that jasmine flower extract is one of the good natural antimicrobials gave an inhibitory effect to the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Keywords: jasmine, Escherichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus, antimicrobials
{"title":"Analysis of The Phytochemical Characteristics of Jasmine Flower Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"N. Sihite, H. Rusmarilin, Manuntun Rotua","doi":"10.5454/mi.15.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.15.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a famous country had the diversity of plants, especially agricultural product and herbs, they had a potential of antimicrobial as a like Jasmine Flower (Jasminum sambac Ait). This study Indonesia is a famous country had the diversity of plants, especially agricultural product and herbs, they had a potential of antimicrobial as a like Jasmine Flower (Jasminum sambac Ait). This study aimed to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of jasmine flower. Extraction was done by maceration, such as using water solvent, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane as the solvent. The sample bacteria used were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study used disc diffusion method, with a complete 2-factor random design and 4 replications. Processing of the data is using ANOVA. The results showed that the jasmine extracts with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% had an effect to inhibit of the growth of the bacteria. Jasmine extract with ethyl acetate solvent was the most effective to inhibit the growth of bacteria. It was known that jasmine flower extract is one of the good natural antimicrobials gave an inhibitory effect to the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. \u0000Keywords: jasmine, Escherichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus, antimicrobials","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86318979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarsa A. Nisa, R. A. Safitri, N. Inayah, A. Nditasari, S. Purwantisari, R. S. Ferniah, A. Achmadi, T. P. Nugraha, S. Saputra
{"title":"Potential Zoonotic Faecal Bacteria from Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles","authors":"Sarsa A. Nisa, R. A. Safitri, N. Inayah, A. Nditasari, S. Purwantisari, R. S. Ferniah, A. Achmadi, T. P. Nugraha, S. Saputra","doi":"10.5454/MI.15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5454/MI.15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18546,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Indonesia","volume":"82 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83999524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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