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Bioactive Sulfonamides Derived from Amino Acids: Their Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities. 从氨基酸中提取的生物活性磺胺:它们的合成和药理活性。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575353663241129064820
Melford Chuka Egbujor, Paolo Tucci, Luciano Saso

Currently, the synthesis of bioactive sulfonamides using amino acid as a starting reagent has become an area of research interest in organic chemistry. Over the years, an amine-sulfonyl chloride reaction has been adopted as a common step in traditional sulfonamide synthetic methods. However, recent developments have shown amino acids to be better precursors than amines in the synthesis of sulfonamides. Although amines and amino acids have some structural similarities, using amino acids rather than amines in the synthesis of sulfonamides minimizes several drawbacks. Comparatively, amino acids are preferred to amines as starting reagents in sulfonamide synthesis due to their biological relevance, chirality, stereochemistry, diversity of side chains, orthogonality in functional group manipulation, the potential for peptide and protein synthesis, mild reaction conditions, alignment with green chemistry principles, diverse synthetic applications, easy availability, and economic viability. Amino acids, having the aforementioned properties, offer a versatile platform for the synthesis of sulfonamides with tailored structures. The reaction mechanism of the synthesis of amino acid-derived sulfonamides involves a nucleophilic attack by the amino group on the activated sulfonyl species to produce a sulfonamide functional group. Amino acid-based sulfonamides have numerous pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial, antimalarial, anti-trypanosomal, and insect growth regulatory properties. This review discusses several synthetic processes, emphasizing established ways, cutting- edge techniques, and novel approaches that emphasize the significance of amino acids in the synthesis of sulfonamides. The structure-activity relationship of amino acid-derived sulfonamides and their pharmacological activities are also highlighted.

目前,以氨基酸为起始试剂合成具有生物活性的磺胺类化合物已成为有机化学领域的研究热点。多年来,胺-磺酰氯反应一直是传统磺胺合成方法的常见步骤。然而,最近的发展表明,在合成磺胺时,氨基酸是比胺更好的前体。虽然胺和氨基酸在结构上有一些相似之处,但在合成磺胺时使用氨基酸而不是胺可以最大限度地减少一些缺点。相比之下,由于氨基酸具有生物相关性、手性、立体化学、侧链多样性、官能团操纵的正交性、肽和蛋白质合成的潜力、温和的反应条件、符合绿色化学原则、多种合成应用、易于获得和经济可行性,因此在磺胺合成中,氨基酸比胺更适合作为起始试剂。氨基酸具有上述性质,为合成具有定制结构的磺胺类化合物提供了一个多功能平台。合成氨基酸衍生的磺胺类化合物的反应机理包括氨基对活性的磺酰基进行亲核攻击,从而产生磺酰胺官能团。氨基酸基磺胺具有多种药理活性,包括抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗疟原虫、抗疟疾、抗锥虫和调节昆虫生长特性。本文综述了几种磺胺类化合物的合成方法,强调了已建立的方法、前沿技术和强调氨基酸在磺胺类化合物合成中的重要性的新方法。重点介绍了氨基酸衍生磺胺类化合物的构效关系及其药理活性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Versatility of Azine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Biological Applications. 探索Azine衍生物的多功能性:综合综述合成和生物应用。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575363243241129100845
Aftab Alam, Fayaz Ur Rahman, Ahmed A Elhenawy, Abid Ali, Manzoor Ahmad, Momin Khan

Organic compounds containing azines, di-imines, or bis-Schiff-bases have two azomethine (-CH=N-) functional groups associated with a bridging component. These constituents have attracted attention from a diversity of disciplines, comprising coordination, medicinal, agriculture chemistry, and organic synthesis, because of their comprehensive chemical reactivity and nature. This study determines common synthetic approaches and various biological and pharmacological activities of several substituted bis-Schiff byproducts. The usefulness of bis-Schiff bases in synthetic chemistry and their potential as inhibitors of a number of enzymes have attracted research attention. We have examined different biological activities and common synthetic methods used to make bis- Schiff bases that have been published in the literature. A systematic search of the literature has been performed, and studies fitting the prearranged inclusion standards have been inspected. This review can open up new potentials for upcoming research in this area and advance our information on bis- Schiff bases.

含有azines,二亚胺或双希夫碱的有机化合物具有两个与桥接组分相连接的亚甲基(- ch =N-)官能团。由于其综合的化学反应性和性质,这些成分已经引起了包括配位、药物、农业化学和有机合成在内的多种学科的关注。本研究确定了几种取代双希夫副产物的常用合成方法和各种生物药理活性。双希夫碱在合成化学中的用途及其作为多种酶抑制剂的潜力引起了研究的关注。我们研究了不同的生物活性和常用的合成方法,用于制造已发表在文献中的他-希夫碱。对文献进行了系统的检索,并对符合预先安排的纳入标准的研究进行了检查。本文的综述可以为今后的研究开辟新的潜力,并促进我们对其希夫基地的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Development in Hydantoins, Thiohydantoins, and Selenohydantoins as Anticancer Agents: Structure-activity Relationship and Design Strategies. 抗癌药物氢酰脲、硫代氢酰脲和硒代氢酰脲的研究进展:构效关系和设计策略。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575329643241206101210
Ajay Kumar Gupta, Gajendra Singh Thakur, Sanmati Kumar Jain

Hydantoin, a five-membered heterocyclic scaffold, is regarded as a crucial scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Hydantoins have been useful in synthesizing medicines like nilutamide, enzalutamide, and apalutamide. Thiohydantoin and selenohydantoin have been discovered as two separate types of hydantoin. There are two hydrogen bond donors, two hydrogen bond acceptors, and four substitution sites. These characteristics have led to the design, synthesis, and expansion of hydantoin derivatives' biological and pharmacological effects against numerous types of malignancies. This study reviews the recent contributions of hydantoin and its isosteric variants to medicinal chemistry. To emphasize their significance, certain significant compounds based on hydantoins and their structure activity relationships (SAR) are briefly discussed. We thoroughly analyzed each scaffolds' structural characteristics and SAR, and these scaffolds may one day show potential anticancer activities.

海因蛋白是一种五元杂环支架,被认为是药物化学中至关重要的支架。在合成尼卢他胺、恩杂鲁他胺和阿帕鲁他胺等药物中,海因妥英是有用的。硫代氢妥英和硒代氢妥英已被发现为两种不同类型的氢妥英。有两个氢键给体,两个氢键受体,和四个取代位。这些特点导致了设计、合成和扩展了氢妥英衍生物对多种类型恶性肿瘤的生物学和药理作用。本文综述了近年来海因及其等构变体在药物化学中的作用。为了强调它们的重要性,本文简要地讨论了一些重要的氢酰脲类化合物及其构效关系。我们深入分析了每种支架的结构特征和SAR,这些支架可能有一天会显示出潜在的抗癌活性。
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引用次数: 0
Implications of Biomaterials for Chronic Wounds. 生物材料对慢性伤口的影响。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575314580241121080256
Virginia-Silviana Barbu Becherescu, Madalina-Diana Gaboreanu, Ioana-Cristina Marinas, Andra-Maria Paun, Ileana Paula Ionel, Speranta Avram

The use of biomaterials in treating and managing chronic wounds represents a significant challenge in global healthcare due to the complex nature of these wounds, which are slow to heal and can lead to complications such as frequent infections and diminished quality of life for patients. Chronic wounds, which can arise from conditions like diabetes, poor circulation, and pressure sores, pose distinct challenges in wound care, necessitating the development of specialized dressings. The pathophysiology of chronic wounds is thoroughly examined in this article, with particular attention paid to the cellular and molecular defects at work and the therapeutic guidelines. It also identifies key issues in the field, such as biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, immune reactions, and regulatory obstacles, while suggesting future research focuses on improving biocompatibility, integrating drug delivery systems, and exploring cellular treatments. Ethical implications, such as patient safety, informed consent, and equitable access to technology, are also discussed. Finally, this review highlights the transformative potential of biomaterials in chronic wound management, urging for continued research and clinical integration to fully harness their capabilities in improving patient care.

使用生物材料治疗和管理慢性伤口是全球医疗保健面临的一项重大挑战,因为这些伤口的性质复杂,愈合缓慢,并可能导致诸如频繁感染和患者生活质量下降等并发症。慢性伤口可能由糖尿病、血液循环不良和压疮等疾病引起,对伤口护理构成了独特的挑战,需要开发专门的敷料。本文对慢性伤口的病理生理进行了全面的研究,特别关注了细胞和分子缺陷的作用和治疗指南。它还确定了该领域的关键问题,如生物相容性、成本效益、免疫反应和监管障碍,同时建议未来的研究重点是提高生物相容性、整合药物输送系统和探索细胞治疗。伦理影响,如患者安全,知情同意和公平获取技术,也进行了讨论。最后,本综述强调了生物材料在慢性伤口管理中的变革潜力,敦促继续研究和临床整合,以充分利用其改善患者护理的能力。
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引用次数: 0
New Insights into the Modifications and Bioactivities of Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde and its Derivatives as a Potential Scaffold for Drug Design: A Mini-Review. 吲哚-3-甲醛及其衍生物作为药物设计潜在支架的修饰和生物活性的新见解:综述
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575351704241120060746
Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar, Mustapha Suleiman, Helmi Mohammed Al-Maqtari, Kumitaa Theva Das, Ajmal R Bhat, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis

Indole, a ubiquitous structural motif in bioactive compounds, has played a pivotal role in drug discovery. Among indole derivatives, indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) has emerged as a particularly promising scaffold for the development of therapeutic agents. This review delves into the recent advancements in the chemical modification of I3A and its derivatives, highlighting their potential applications in various therapeutic areas. I3A derivatives have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antifungal, and anti-HIV properties. The structural modifications introduced to the I3A scaffold, such as substitutions on the indole ring (alkylation/arylation/halogenation), variations in the aldehyde group via condensation (Aldol/Claisen/Knoevenagel), and molecular hybridization with other reputable bioactive compounds like coumarins, chalcones, triazoles, and thiophenes, contribute to these activities. Beyond its therapeutic potential, I3A has also found applications as a ligand for Schiff base synthesis, a polymer, and a chromophore. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on I3A and its derivatives, focusing on the key reactions, modification pathways, reaction conditions, yields, and associated therapeutic activities. By understanding these advancements, researchers can gain valuable insights into the potential applications and future directions for I3A-based drug discovery.

吲哚是生物活性化合物中普遍存在的结构基序,在药物发现中起着举足轻重的作用。在吲哚衍生物中,吲哚-3-羧醛(I3A)已成为一种特别有前途的治疗药物开发支架。本文综述了近年来I3A及其衍生物的化学修饰研究进展,重点介绍了其在各种治疗领域的潜在应用。I3A衍生物已显示出广泛的生物活性,包括抗炎、抗利什曼原虫、抗癌、抗菌、抗真菌和抗hiv特性。引入I3A支架的结构修饰,如吲哚环上的取代(烷基化/芳基化/卤化),醛基通过缩合(Aldol/Claisen/Knoevenagel)发生变化,以及与香豆素、chalcones、三唑和噻吩等其他知名生物活性化合物的分子杂交,有助于这些活性的产生。除了其治疗潜力,I3A还被用作希夫碱合成、聚合物和发色团的配体。本文综述了I3A及其衍生物的最新研究进展,重点介绍了I3A及其衍生物的关键反应、修饰途径、反应条件、产率和相关治疗活性。通过了解这些进展,研究人员可以对基于i3的药物发现的潜在应用和未来方向获得有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
An Outline on benzimidazole Containing Marketed Drugs with Proton Pump Inhibitor and H1 Receptor Antagonist Activities. 苯并咪唑类具有质子泵抑制剂和H1受体拮抗剂活性的市售药物概述。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575329633240928163509
Sumit Tahlan, Sucheta Singh, Kailash C Pandey, Kuldeep Singh

Heterocyclic compounds are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry because they are the main components of many biological processes and materials. Benzimidazole remains the core center of the heterocyclic chemical group, with essential traits such as six-five-member connected rings and two nitrogen atoms at the 1,3 position in a six-membered benzene and five-membered imidazole- fused ring system. Molecules with benzimidazole derivatives serve important functions as therapeutic agents and have shown excellent results in clinical and biological research. In this comprehensive review, we summarize marketed medications that include the benzimidazole moiety. Here, we discuss two topics: PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists. Benzimidazole derivatives are important in all fields because they have the same isostructural pharmacophore as that of naturally occurring active biomolecules. While PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists are generally safe in the short term, accumulating data suggest that their long-term use may pose concerns. This systematic review aimed to assess global PPI use in the general population. This will help researchers, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical scientists to create breakthrough benzimidazole-based drugs. This review can help identify novel lead compounds and optimize existing benzimidazole derivatives to improve medicinal efficacy. Benzimidazole has attracted significant interest because of its high bioavailability, stability, and biological efficiency. This page reveals and discusses typical synthesis processes for marketed pharmaceuticals in the benzimidazole class of scaffolds, MOA, and therapeutic uses.

杂环化合物是许多生物过程和材料的主要成分,因此在药物化学中的应用越来越广泛。苯并咪唑仍然是杂环化学基团的核心中心,具有六个五元连接环和在六元苯和五元咪唑融合环体系中1,3位上有两个氮原子等基本特征。具有苯并咪唑衍生物的分子具有重要的治疗功能,在临床和生物学研究中表现出优异的效果。在这篇全面的综述中,我们总结了包括苯并咪唑部分的上市药物。在这里,我们讨论两个主题:PPIs和H1受体拮抗剂。苯并咪唑衍生物在所有领域都很重要,因为它们具有与天然活性生物分子相同的同位结构药效团。虽然PPIs和H1受体拮抗剂在短期内通常是安全的,但积累的数据表明,它们的长期使用可能会引起担忧。本系统综述旨在评估全球人群中PPI的使用情况。这将有助于研究人员、药物化学家和制药科学家创造突破性的以苯并咪唑为基础的药物。本综述有助于鉴定新的先导化合物,并对现有苯并咪唑衍生物进行优化,以提高药物疗效。苯并咪唑因其高生物利用度、稳定性和生物效率而受到广泛关注。本页揭示并讨论了苯并咪唑类支架、MOA和治疗用途的上市药物的典型合成过程。
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引用次数: 0
Potential of Nature-Derived Biopolymers for Oral Applications- A Review. 天然衍生生物聚合物的口服应用潜力综述。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575359305241218113847
Vijayalakshmi Kumar, Ashok K Sundramoorthy

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the "back-to-nature" movement, which has brought biopolymers derived from natural sources into the spotlight. These biopolymers are gaining attention for their versatile surface-active properties, anti-adhesive capabilities, excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and antimicrobial effectiveness against a wide range of oral microorganisms, including both bacteria and fungi. Researchers have been actively modifying these eco-friendly, nature-based biopolymers to enhance their interaction with surrounding cells and tissues, improving their performance in vivo. This has led to innovative applications in areas such as surface coatings, controlled drug delivery, tissue repair, and dental implant devices. These advancements hold the potential to pave the way for the development of novel drug delivery systems with enhanced therapeutic properties, ultimately supporting the creation of innovative formulations for clinical use. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of recent developments, explore potential future directions, and highlight the promising applications of nature-derived biopolymers in oral healthcare.

近年来,人们越来越重视 "回归自然 "运动,这使得从天然来源提取的生物聚合物成为人们关注的焦点。这些生物聚合物具有多种表面活性特性、抗粘附能力、良好的生物相容性、无毒性、生物可降解性以及对多种口腔微生物(包括细菌和真菌)的抗菌效果,因而越来越受到关注。研究人员一直在积极改造这些生态友好、基于自然的生物聚合物,以增强它们与周围细胞和组织的相互作用,从而提高它们在体内的性能。这使得生物聚合物在表面涂层、可控给药、组织修复和牙科植入设备等领域得到了创新性应用。这些进步有可能为开发具有更强治疗特性的新型给药系统铺平道路,最终支持创新配方的临床应用。本综述旨在提供最新的发展概况,探索潜在的未来发展方向,并重点介绍源自大自然的生物聚合物在口腔医疗保健领域的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial Metabolites-induced Epigenetic Modifications for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. 微生物代谢物诱导的表观遗传修饰对结直肠癌的抑制作用:现状与未来展望》。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575320344240625080555
Vaibhav Singh, Ekta Shirbhate, Rakesh Kore, Subham Vishwakarma, Shadiya Parveen, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Amit K Tiwari, Harish Rajak

Globally, one of the most prevalent cancers is colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemotherapy and surgery are two common conventional CRC therapies that are frequently ineffective and have serious adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for complementary and different therapeutic approaches. The use of microbial metabolites to trigger epigenetic alterations as a way of preventing CRC is one newly emerging field of inquiry. Small chemicals called microbial metabolites, which are made by microbes and capable of altering host cell behaviour, are created. Recent research has demonstrated that these metabolites can lead to epigenetic modifications such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA regulation, which can control gene expression and affect cellular behaviour. This review highlights the current knowledge on the epigenetic modification for cancer treatment, immunomodulatory and anti-carcinogenic attributes of microbial metabolites, gut epigenetic targeting system, and the role of dietary fibre and gut microbiota in cancer treatment. It also focuses on short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrates (which are generated by microbes), and their cancer treatment perspective, challenges, and limitations, as well as state-of-the-art research on microbial metabolites-induced epigenetic changes for CRC inhibition. In conclusion, the present work highlights the potential of microbial metabolites-induced epigenetic modifications as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC suppression and guides future research directions in this dynamic field.

全球最常见的癌症之一是结直肠癌(CRC)。化疗和手术是两种常见的传统 CRC 治疗方法,但往往效果不佳,且有严重的不良反应。因此,有必要采取互补和不同的治疗方法。利用微生物代谢物引发表观遗传学改变来预防 CRC 是一个新兴的研究领域。由微生物制造并能改变宿主细胞行为的小分子化学物质被称为微生物代谢物。最新研究表明,这些代谢物可导致表观遗传学修饰,如组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化和非编码RNA调控,从而控制基因表达并影响细胞行为。本综述重点介绍了目前有关表观遗传修饰治疗癌症、微生物代谢物的免疫调节和抗癌特性、肠道表观遗传靶向系统以及膳食纤维和肠道微生物群在癌症治疗中的作用的知识。本研究还重点探讨了短链脂肪酸,尤其是丁酸盐(由微生物产生)及其癌症治疗的前景、挑战和局限性,以及微生物代谢物诱导表观遗传学变化以抑制 CRC 的最新研究成果。总之,本研究强调了微生物代谢物诱导的表观遗传修饰作为抑制 CRC 的新型治疗策略的潜力,并为这一动态领域的未来研究方向提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: Recent Discoveries and Development Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease. 肉桂酸衍生物:治疗阿尔茨海默病的最新发现和发展战略》。
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575330648240819112435
Yuan Liu, Zhixian Zhang, Zeyu Zhu, Yang Yang, Weijia Peng, Qiuhe Chen, Shinghung Mak, Karl Wahkeung Tism, Rongbiao Pi

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and memory impairment. It is characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein forming neurofibrillary tangles, and is often accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. At present, clinical anti-AD drugs are mostly single-target, improving the cognitive ability of AD patients, but failing to effectively slow down the progression of AD. Therefore, research on effective multi-target drugs for AD has become an urgent problem to address. The main derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid, are widely present in nature and have many pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-Aβ deposition, and so on. The occurrence and development of AD are often accompanied by pathologies, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and Aβ deposition, suggesting that caffeic acid and ferulic acid can be used in the research on anti-AD drugs. Therefore, in this article, we have summarized the multi-target anti-AD derivatives based on caffeic acid and ferulic acid in recent years, and discussed the new design direction of cinnamic acid derivatives as backbone compounds. It is hoped that this review will provide some useful strategies for anti-AD drugs based on cinnamic acid derivatives.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,会导致认知能力下降和记忆障碍。其特征是淀粉样β(Aβ)斑块堆积、tau蛋白异常磷酸化形成神经纤维缠结,并常伴有神经炎症和氧化应激,从而导致神经元丢失和脑萎缩。目前,临床上的抗AD药物多为单靶点药物,虽能改善AD患者的认知能力,但无法有效延缓AD的进展。因此,研究治疗AD的有效多靶点药物已成为亟待解决的问题。羟基肉桂酸的主要衍生物咖啡酸和阿魏酸广泛存在于自然界中,具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护、抗Aβ沉积等多种药理活性。AD的发生和发展往往伴随着氧化应激、神经炎症和Aβ沉积等病理变化,这表明咖啡酸和阿魏酸可用于抗AD药物的研究。因此,本文总结了近年来基于咖啡酸和阿魏酸的多靶点抗AD衍生物,并探讨了肉桂酸衍生物作为骨架化合物的新设计方向。希望这篇综述能为基于肉桂酸衍生物的抗逆转录酶药物提供一些有益的策略。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Essential Oils on Sleep Quality and Other Sleep-related Issues: Evidence from Clinical Trials. 精油对睡眠质量和其他睡眠相关问题的作用:来自临床试验的证据
IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575315700240821054716
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Periyanaina Kesika, Natarajan Sisubalan, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

Essential oils (EOs) are a volatile mixture of bioactive compounds extracted from aromatic plants. The composition of EOs varies, which majorly depends on the extraction methods and plant parts. Aromatherapy using EOs has been reported for its several beneficial effects in humans. Aromatherapy is considered a complementary and/ or adjuvant therapeutic approach for treating several illnesses, especially to improve mental health and well-being. The incidence of sleep disorders, specifically insomnia, is nowadays increased, possibly due to urbanization and lifestyle. The studies showed that EOs-based treatments using lavender EO, bergamot EO, cinnamon EO, and rosemary EO (alone or in combinations) could improve sleep quality, duration, and deprivation in healthy subjects and patients, those who suffer from sleep-related issues. The current manuscript details the outcomes of EO-based treatments on the sleep quality of humans and the possible mechanisms associated with the health-promoting properties of EOs. Also, the toxicity and adverse effects of EOs have been discussed. The study indicated that EOs are potent adjuvant therapeutic candidates to manage mood-associated complications in humans. Moreover, the aromatherapeutic field requires detailed studies on toxicity and dose determination, which could provide safe and effective therapeutic results.

精油(EOs)是从芳香植物中提取的生物活性化合物的挥发性混合物。精油的成分各不相同,主要取决于提取方法和植物部位。据报道,使用环氧乙烷进行芳香疗法对人体有多种益处。芳香疗法被认为是治疗多种疾病的补充和/或辅助治疗方法,尤其是在改善心理健康和幸福感方面。可能由于城市化和生活方式的原因,睡眠障碍,特别是失眠症的发病率如今越来越高。研究表明,使用薰衣草环氧乙烷、佛手柑环氧乙烷、肉桂环氧乙烷和迷迭香环氧乙烷(单独或组合使用)进行环氧乙烷治疗,可以改善健康受试者和睡眠相关问题患者的睡眠质量、持续时间和剥夺程度。本手稿详细介绍了基于环氧乙烷的疗法对人类睡眠质量的影响,以及与环氧乙烷促进健康特性相关的可能机制。此外,还讨论了环氧乙烷的毒性和不良影响。研究表明,环氧乙烷是控制人类情绪相关并发症的有效辅助疗法。此外,芳香疗法领域需要对毒性和剂量确定进行详细研究,这样才能提供安全有效的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry
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