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Naphthylated LEGO-lipophopsphonoxin antibiotics used as a fluorescent tool for the observation of target membrane perturbations preceding its disruption. 萘基 LEGO-lipophopsphonoxin 抗生素被用作一种荧光工具,用于观察目标膜在被破坏之前的扰动。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad8abf
Tereza Dolejšová, Petra Liskova, Nitjawan Sahatsapan, Viktor Mojr, Radek Pohl, Hana Brzobohatá, Milica Dugić, Tomáš Křížek, Lukasz Cwiklik, Gabriela Mikušová, Dominik Rejman, Radovan Fiser

Linker-Evolved-Group-Optimized-Lipophosphonoxins (LEGO-LPPO) are small synthetic modular peptidomimetics with promising antimicrobial activity. The LEGO-LPPO mechanism of antibacterial action has been determined to be the depolarization and disruption of bacterial membranes. Their modular nature is advantageous for fine tuning their biological properties. In order to optimize the structure of LEGO-LPPO even further, it is important to understand the interaction of LEGO-LPPO with bacterial membranes at the molecular level. In this work, we present the synthesis of five LEGO-LPPO (designated as 1_naph2-4-G to 5_naph2-4-G) molecules bearing fluorescent naphtylethyl moieties and their usage in the study of LEGO-LPPO behaviour in the membrane. Our goal was to characterize fluorescently labelled LEGO-LPPO under conditions that do not completely disrupt the membrane, mostly in the form of membrane-bound monomers. We observed the intramolecular interactions of hydrophobic modules of 1_naph2-4-G in the buffer by detecting dynamic naphthyl excimers and their disappearance after 1_naph2-4-G bind into the membranes. In the membrane, the molecule 1_naph2-4-G slightly affects the membrane fluidity of DOPG membranes above the phase transition. The naphthyl fluorophore itself has fast and almost unrestricted rotation around ethylene linking groups (rinf=0.010), which indicates a considerable chaotropic effect of the hydrophobic modules of 1_naph2-4-G at the given depth of the membrane. 1_naph2-4-G proved to be a useful model for observing the interaction of LEGO-LPPO antibiotics with the phospholipid bilayer enabling us to decipher its effects on membrane state and dynamics; its binding and penetration into the membrane, its structure and the particular depth that it occupies. .

Linker-Evolved-Group-Optimized-Liposphonoxins (LEGO-LPPO)是一种具有良好抗菌活性的小型合成模块化拟肽化合物。LEGO-LPPO 的抗菌作用机制已被确定为去极化和破坏细菌膜。它们的模块化特性有利于微调其生物特性。为了进一步优化 LEGO-LPPO 的结构,了解 LEGO-LPPO 与细菌膜在分子水平上的相互作用非常重要。在这项工作中,我们合成了五种带有荧光萘乙基分子的 LEGO-LPPO(命名为 1_naph2-4-G 至 5_naph2-4-G)分子,并将它们用于研究 LEGO-LPPO 在膜中的行为。我们的目标是在不完全破坏膜的条件下,主要以膜结合单体的形式对荧光标记的 LEGO-LPPO 进行表征。我们通过检测动态萘基赋形剂来观察 1_naph2-4-G 在缓冲液中疏水模块的分子内相互作用,以及它们在 1_naph2-4-G 与膜结合后的消失情况。在膜中,1_naph2-4-G 分子会轻微影响相变以上 DOPG 膜的膜流动性。萘基荧光团本身围绕乙烯连接基团具有快速且几乎不受限制的旋转(rinf=0.010),这表明 1_naph2-4-G 的疏水模块在膜的特定深度具有相当大的乱向效应。事实证明,1_naph2-4-G 是观察 LEGO-LPPO 抗生素与磷脂双分子层相互作用的有用模型,使我们能够破译它对膜状态和动态的影响、它对膜的结合和渗透、它的结构以及它占据的特定深度。
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引用次数: 0
CombiningNitellopsis obtusaautofluorescence intensity and F680/F750 ratio to discriminate responses to environmental stressors. 结合拟南芥自发荧光强度和 F680/F750 比率来区分对环境胁迫的反应。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad6ca2
Ausrine Navickaite, Vilmantas Pupkis, Agne Kalnaityte-Vengeliene, Indre Lapeikaite, Vilma Kisnieriene, Saulius Bagdonas

Detection of autofluorescence parameters is a useful approach to gain insight into the physiological state of plants and algae, but the effect of reabsorption hinders unambiguous interpretation ofin vivodata. The exceptional morphological features ofNitellopsis obtusamade it possible to measure autofluorescence spectra along single internodal cells and estimate relative changes in autofluorescence intensity in selected spectral regions at room temperatures, avoiding the problems associated with thick or optically dense samples. The response of algal cells to controlled white light and DCMU herbicide was analyzed by monitoring changes in peak FL intensity at 680 nm and in F680/F750 ratio. Determining the association between the selected spectral FL parameters revealed an exponential relationship, which provides a quantitative description of photoinduced changes. The ability to discern the effect of DCMU not only in the autofluorescence spectra of dark-adapted cells, but also in the case of light-adapted cells, and even after certain doses of excess light, suggests that the proposed autofluorescence analysis ofN. obtusamay be useful for detecting external stressors in the field.

检测自发荧光参数是深入了解植物和藻类生理状态的有效方法,但重吸收效应阻碍了对体内数据的明确解释。由于拟南芥(Nitellopsis obtus)的形态特征特殊,因此可以在室温下测量单个节间细胞的自发荧光光谱,并估算选定光谱区域自发荧光强度的相对变化,从而避免了厚样本或光学致密样本带来的问题。通过监测 680 纳米波长的荧光强度峰值和 F680/F750 比率的变化,分析了藻类细胞对受控白光和 DCMU 除草剂的反应。确定所选光谱 FL 参数之间的关联揭示了一种指数关系,这为光诱导变化提供了定量描述。不仅在暗适应细胞的自发荧光光谱中,而且在光适应细胞的自发荧光光谱中,甚至在一定剂量的过量光照后,都能分辨出 DCMU 的影响,这表明拟议的 N. obtus 自发荧光分析可能有助于在野外检测外部胁迫因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Mn2+doping and DDAB-assisted postpassivation on the structural and optical properties of CsPb(Cl/Br)3halide perovskite nanocrystals. 掺杂 Mn2+ 和 DDAB 辅助后钝化对 CsPb(Cl/Br)3 卤化物包晶石纳米晶体的结构和光学特性的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad6ca1
Charu Dubey, Anjana Yadav, Santosh Kachhap, Sunil Kumar Singh, Govind Gupta, Satendra Pal Singh, Akhilesh Kumar Singh

Cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals showing intense band-edge emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield are known to be a potential candidate for application in optoelectronic devices. However, controlling toxicity due to the presence of Pb2+in lead-based halide perovskites is a major challenge for the environment that needs to be tackled cautiously. In this work, we have partially replaced Pb2+with Mn2+ions in the CsPb(Cl/Br)3nanocrystals and investigated their impact on the structural and optical properties. The Rietveld refinement shows that CsPbCl2Br nanocrystals possess a cubic crystal structure withPmmspace group, the Mn2+doping results in the contraction of the unit cell. The CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystals show a substantial change in the optical properties with an additional emission band at ∼588 nm through a d-d transition, changing the emission color from blue to pink. Here, a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) ligand that triggers both anion and ligand exchange in the CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystals have been used to regulate the exchange reaction and tune the emission color of halide perovskites by changing the peak position and the PL intensities of band-edge and Mn2+defect states. We have also shown that oleic acid helps in the desorption of oleylamine capping from the CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystal surfaces and DDAB, resulting in the substitution of Cl-with Br-as well as provides capping with shorter branched length ligand which led to increase in the overall PL intensity by many folds.

众所周知,卤化铯铅包晶(CsPbX3;X = Cl、Br、I)纳米晶体显示出强烈的带边发射和高光致发光量子产率,是光电器件应用的潜在候选材料。然而,由于铅基卤化物包晶石中存在 Pb2+ 而导致的毒性控制是对环境的一大挑战,需要谨慎应对。在这项工作中,我们用 Mn2+ 离子部分取代了 CsPb(Cl/Br)3 纳米晶体中的 Pb2+,并研究了它们对结构和光学特性的影响。里特维尔德精炼结果表明,CsPbCl2Br 纳米晶体具有 Pm3 ̅m 空间群的立方晶体结构,Mn2+的掺杂导致了单胞的收缩。CsPb(Cl/Br)3:Mn 纳米晶体的光学性质发生了重大变化,通过 d-d 转变在 ~588 纳米处增加了一个发射带,使发射颜色从蓝色变为粉红色。在此,我们使用了十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)配体,这种配体可同时引发 CsPb(Cl/Br)3:Mn 纳米晶体中的阴离子和配体交换,通过改变带边态和 Mn2+ 缺陷态的峰位置和聚光强度来调节交换反应并调整卤化物包晶的发射颜色。我们还发现,油酸有助于解吸 CsPb(Cl/Br)3:Mn 纳米晶表面和 DDAB 上的油胺封端,从而用 Br'取代 Cl',并提供支链长度更短的配体封端,从而使整体聚光强度增加了许多倍。
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引用次数: 0
Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of wine using synchronous excitation/emission matrices and time-resolved fluorescence interferometric detection. 使用同步激发/发射矩阵和时间分辨荧光干涉仪检测葡萄酒的多维荧光光谱。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad64a9
Sakuya Mori, Christopher R Hall, Siobhan J Bradley, Trevor A Smith

Wines are complex mixtures of chemical compounds with broad and overlapping absorption and emission spectral features in the UV and visible spectral regions, making them challenging to study with conventional optical spectroscopic techniques. Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopies correlate fluorescence spectra with other degrees of freedom, and have proven useful for studying complex molecular systems, offering a pathway for the analysis of wines utilising their inherent fluorescence. Here we employ steady-state excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and time-resolved fluorescence spectral measurements to investigate representative commercial white and red wine samples and a fluorescent 'model' wine base. Combining these multidimensional measurement methods provides information on the emission characteristics of the components that wines contain. This investigation illustrates the potential for multidimensional fluorescence techniques as diagnostic tools for the wine industry.

葡萄酒是一种复杂的化合物混合物,在紫外和可见光谱区具有广泛且重叠的吸收和发射光谱特征,因此使用传统的光学光谱技术对其进行研究具有挑战性。多维荧光光谱法将荧光光谱与其他自由度相关联,已被证明有助于研究复杂的分子系统,为利用其固有荧光分析葡萄酒提供了一条途径。在这里,我们采用稳态激发发射矩阵(EEM)和时间分辨荧光光谱测量来研究具有代表性的商用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒样品以及荧光 "模型 "酒基。结合这些多维测量方法,可以获得葡萄酒所含成分的发射特性信息。这项研究说明了多维荧光技术作为葡萄酒行业诊断工具的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of molecular crowders on ligand binding kinetics with G-quadruplex DNA probed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. 通过荧光相关光谱探测分子挤出器对配体与 G 型四联 DNA 结合动力学的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad63f5
Parvez Alam, Ndege Simisi Clovis, Ajay Kumar Chand, Mohammad Firoz Khan, Sobhan Sen

Guanine-rich single-stranded DNA folds into G-quadruplex DNA (GqDNA) structures, which play crucial roles in various biological processes. These structures are also promising targets for ligands, potentially inducing antitumor effects. While thermodynamic parameters of ligand/DNA interactions are well-studied, the kinetics of ligand interaction with GqDNA, particularly in cell-like crowded environments, remain less explored. In this study, we investigate the impact of molecular crowding agents (glucose, sucrose, and ficoll 70) at physiologically relevant concentrations (20% w/v) on the association and dissociation rates of the benzophenoxazine-core based ligand, cresyl violet (CV), with human telomeric antiparallel-GqDNA. We utilized fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) along with other techniques. Our findings reveal that crowding agents decrease the binding affinity of CV to GqDNA, with the most significant effect-a nearly three-fold decrease-observed with ficoll 70. FCS measurements indicate that this decrease is primarily due to a viscosity-induced slowdown of ligand association in the crowded environment. Interestingly, dissociation rates remain largely unaffected by smaller crowders, with only small effect observed in presence of ficoll 70 due to direct but weak interaction between the ligand and ficoll. These results along with previously reported data provide valuable insights into ligand/GqDNA interactions in cellular contexts, suggesting a conserved mechanism of saccharide crowder influence, regardless of variations in GqDNA structure and ligand binding mode. This underscores the importance of considering crowding effects in the design and development of GqDNA-targeted drugs for potential cancer treatment.

富含鸟嘌呤的单链 DNA 折叠成 G-quadruplex DNA(GqDNA)结构,在各种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些结构也是配体的潜在靶标,有可能诱导抗肿瘤效应。虽然配体/DNA 相互作用的热力学参数已被充分研究,但配体与 GqDNA 相互作用的动力学,尤其是在类似细胞的拥挤环境中的动力学,仍然较少被探索。在本研究中,我们研究了生理相关浓度(20% w/v)的分子拥挤剂(葡萄糖、蔗糖和ficoll 70)对以苯并吩噁嗪为核心的配体甲酚紫(CV)与人类端粒反平行-GqDNA的结合和解离速率的影响。我们使用了荧光相关光谱(FCS)和其他技术。我们的研究结果表明,拥挤剂会降低 CV 与 GqDNA 的结合亲和力,其中影响最大的是 ficoll 70--降低了近三倍。FCS 测量结果表明,这种降低主要是由于粘度导致配体在拥挤环境中的结合速度减慢。有趣的是,解离率在很大程度上不受较小拥挤物的影响,仅在存在 ficoll 70 的情况下观察到很小的影响,这是因为配体与 ficoll 之间存在直接但微弱的相互作用。这些结果与之前报道的数据一起,提供了细胞环境中配体/GqDNA相互作用的宝贵见解,表明无论 GqDNA 结构和配体结合模式如何变化,糖拥挤剂的影响机制是一致的。这凸显了在设计和开发用于治疗癌症的 GqDNA 靶向药物时考虑拥挤效应的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Fiber-optics based fluorescence detection. Part I: Basic concepts. 基于光纤的荧光检测。第一部分:基本概念。
IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad5e5b
Bong Lee, Luca Ceresa, Danh Pham, Joseph Kimball, Emma Alexander, Xuan Ye, Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski

Continuous in-line detection and process monitoring are essential for industrial, analytical, and biomedical applications. Lightweight, highly flexible, and low-cost fiber optics enable the construction of compact and robust hand-held devices forin situchemical and biological species analysis in both industrial and biomedicalin vitro/in vivodetection. Despite the broad range of fiber-optic based applications, we lack a good understanding of the parameters that govern the efficiency of light collection or the sensitivity of detection. Consequently, comparing samples of different optical density and/or geometry becomes challenging and can lead to misinterpretation of results; especially when we lack the approaches necessary to correct the detected signal (spectra) for artifacts such as inner-filter effect or scattering. Hence, in this work, we discuss factors affecting the signal detected by the fiber optic in the bare and lens-coupled flat-tipped configurations that lead to signal/spectral distortions. We also present a simple generic model describing the excitation profile and emission collection efficiency that we verify with experimental data. Understanding the principles governing the signal collected by the fiber will provide rationales for correcting the measured emission spectra and recovering the true emission profile of optically dense samples.

连续在线检测和过程监控对于工业、分析和生物医学应用至关重要。轻巧、高度灵活且成本低廉的光纤使我们能够制造结构紧凑、坚固耐用的手持设备,用于工业和生物医学体外/体内检测中的原位化学和生物物种分析。尽管基于光纤的应用范围很广,但我们对影响光收集效率或检测灵敏度的参数缺乏充分了解。因此,比较不同光密度和/或几何形状的样品变得具有挑战性,并可能导致对结果的误解;尤其是当我们缺乏必要的方法来校正检测到的信号(光谱),以消除内滤光片效应或散射等人工影响时。因此,在这项工作中,我们讨论了在裸光纤和透镜耦合平头配置中影响光纤检测到的信号的因素,这些因素会导致信号/光谱失真。我们还提出了一个描述激发曲线和发射收集效率的简单通用模型,并用实验数据进行了验证。了解光纤收集信号的原理将为校正测量到的发射光谱和恢复光学致密样品的真实发射曲线提供理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
A simple light path modifying device to reduce scattering in front-face fluorescence spectra. 用于减少正面荧光光谱散射的简单光路修正装置。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad5415
Frank B Peters, Andreas O Rapp

This technical note presents a device to diminish scattering signal in front-face fluorescence spectra while obtaining fluorescence signal. The beam path in a commercial fluorescence spectrometer was modified by two deflecting mirrors, leading reflections away from the sensor. This light path modifying (LPM) device was tested with two fluid and three solid substances, where the scattering-to-fluorescence ratio improved by a factor of 1.7 to 7.6. The spectra obtained with the LPM were much clearer, and distortion of the fluorescence peaks was avoided. Scans of quinine sulphate complied well with reference spectra.

本技术说明介绍了一种在获得荧光信号的同时减少正面荧光光谱中散射信号的装置。商用荧光光谱仪的光束路径由两面偏转镜改变,使反射远离传感器。用两种流体和三种固体物质对这种光路修正(LPM)装置进行了测试,散射与荧光比提高了 1.7 到 7.6 倍。使用 LPM 获得的光谱更加清晰,避免了荧光峰的扭曲。硫酸奎宁的扫描结果与参考光谱十分吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Bright ESIPT emission from 2,6-di(thiazol/oxazol/imidazol-2-yl)phenol derivatives in solution, aggregation and solid states. 溶液、聚集和固体状态下 2,6-二(噻唑/恶唑/咪唑-2-基)苯酚衍生物的明亮 ESIPT 发射。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad5490
Panpan Chen, Zhigang Niu, Eenju Wang

Most luminophores often suffer from the problem of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) or fluorescence disappearance in dilute solution. It is significant to bridge the gap between ACQ and AIE. In this work, a facile but effective strategy was proposed for the fabrication of always-on luminophores based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, and six luminophores emitting bright fluorescence in solution, aggregation and solid states were synthesized from 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde. All these ESIPT systems show only keto emission owing to their congested structures which block the breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bond (O-H⋯N) by solvation, and subsequently make enol emission impossible. Three of these luminophores are prone to convert into the corresponding phenolate anions emitting blue-shifted emission, which enable them to sense pH variation in the weakly basic range. Furthermore, white-light emission was achieved by combining two of them which show complementary-color fluorescence, and one of them was utilized for bioimaging of living Hela cells and the high-resolution image was obtained.

大多数发光体在稀释溶液中通常会出现聚集淬灭(ACQ)或荧光消失的问题。缩小 ACQ 与 AIE 之间的差距意义重大。本研究基于激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)机制,提出了一种简便而有效的常亮发光体制造策略,并以 5-叔丁基-2-羟基间苯二甲醛为原料合成了六种在溶液、聚集和固态下均能发出明亮荧光的发光体。所有这些 ESIPT 系统都只发出酮光,这是因为它们的拥挤结构阻碍了分子内氢键(O-H--N)在溶解过程中断裂,从而导致无法发出烯醇光。其中三种发光体容易转化为相应的苯酚阴离子,发出蓝移发射,这使它们能够感知弱碱性范围内的 pH 值变化。此外,通过将其中两种荧光团组合在一起,还实现了白光发射,并将其中一种荧光团用于活体 Hela 细胞的生物成像,获得了高分辨率图像。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Yb3+/Ho3+codoping on optical and thermal properties of TeO2-ZnO glass. Yb3+/Ho3+掺杂对 TeO2-ZnO 玻璃光学和热学特性的影响。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad5075
Mohd Azam, Vineet Kumar Rai, Savidh Khan, K Singh

This paper reports the effect of incorporation of Yb3+ions on the frequency downconversion luminescence and thermal properties of triply ionised Ho3+doped zinc tellurite (TZ) glasses. The photoluminescence spectra of both the Ho3+/Yb3+doped and codoped glasses have been recorded and observed a green emission band corresponding to the5F4,5S25I8(∼550 nm) transition upon various excitations. In the downconversion (DC) emission process, the back energy transfer (BET) mechanism from Ho3+ions to Yb3+ions has also been explored. The colour emitted in the downconversion process is found to be non-tunable at different excitations. Thus, the Ho3+:TZ glass can be utilised for non-colour tunable optical devices under various UV excitations. Also the glass transition (Tg) and crystallisation (Tc) temperatures have been measured for both the doped and codoped glasses and found to be increased in the codoped glass. The singly Ho3+ions doped TZ glass shows better optical downconversion and glass forming ability.

本文报告了掺入 Yb3+ 离子对三电离掺杂 Ho3+ 的碲锌矿(TZ)玻璃的频率下变频发光和热特性的影响。我们记录了掺杂 Ho3+/Yb3+ 和共掺玻璃的光致发光光谱,并观察到在各种激发下出现了与 5F4、5S2→5I8(~550 nm)转变相对应的绿色发射带。在下转换(DC)发射过程中,还探索了从 Ho3+ 离子到 Yb3+ 离子的反向能量转移(BET)机制。研究发现,在不同的激发下,下变频过程中发射的颜色是不可调的。因此,Ho3+:TZ 玻璃可用于各种紫外线激发下的非颜色可调光学器件。此外,我们还测量了掺杂玻璃和共掺玻璃的玻璃转化温度(Tg)和结晶温度(Tc),发现共掺玻璃的温度有所提高。单掺杂 Ho3+ 离子的 TZ 玻璃显示出更好的光学下变频和玻璃成型能力。
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引用次数: 0
Fluorescence in depth: integration of spectroscopy and imaging with Raman, IR, and CD for advanced research. 荧光深度:光谱学和成像与拉曼、红外和 CD 的整合,用于高级研究。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad46e6
Lida Aeindartehran, Zahra Sadri, Fateme Rahimi, Tahereh Alinejad

Fluorescence spectroscopy serves as a vital technique for studying the interaction between light and fluorescent molecules. It encompasses a range of methods, each presenting unique advantages and applications. This technique finds utility in various chemical studies. This review discusses Fluorescence spectroscopy, its branches such as Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRFS) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), and their integration with other spectroscopic methods, including Raman, Infrared (IR), and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. By delving into these methods, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and significance of fluorescence spectroscopy in scientific research, highlighting its diverse applications and the enhanced understanding it brings when combined with other spectroscopic methods. This review looks at each technique's unique features and applications. It discusses the prospects of their combined use in advancing scientific understanding and applications across various domains.

荧光光谱学是研究光与荧光分子之间相互作用的重要技术。它包含一系列方法,每种方法都具有独特的优势和应用。这项技术可用于各种化学研究。本综述将讨论荧光光谱学及其分支 ,如时间分辨荧光光谱学 (TRFS) 和荧光寿命成像显微镜 (FLIM),以及它们与其他光谱学方法的整合,包括拉曼光谱学、红外光谱学 (IR) 和圆二色性光谱学 (CD)。通过对这些方法的深入研究,我们旨在提供对荧光光谱在科学研究中的能力和意义的全面 理解,突出 其多样化的应用以及与其他光谱 方法相结合时所带来的更深入的理解。本综述探讨了每种技术的独特之处和应用。本综述探讨了每种技术的独特功能和应用,并讨论了将它们结合使用以促进科学理解和各领域应用的前景。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Methods and Applications in Fluorescence
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