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Measuring protein-membrane interaction through radial fluorescence correlation in 2 dimensions. 通过二维径向荧光相关测量蛋白质-膜相互作用。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf118
Natalia Philipp, Enrico Gratton, Laura Estrada

The cell membrane has a fundamental role in the cell life cycle but there's still much to be learned about its heterogeneous structure, regulation, and protein interaction. Additionally, the protein-membrane interaction is often overlooked when studying specific protein dynamics. In this work, we present a new tool for a better understanding of protein dynamics and membrane function using live cells and fast non-invasive techniques without the need for individual particle tracking. To this end, we used the 2D-pair correlation function (2D-pCF) to study protein interactions across cellular membranes. We performed numerical simulations and confocal experiments using a GAP-mEGFP fusion construct known to interact with the plasmatic membrane. Our results demonstrate that based on a quantitative correlation analysis as the 2D pair correlation of the signal intensities, is possible to characterize protein-membrane interactions in live systems and real-time. Combining experimental and numerical results this work presents a new powerful approach to the study of the dynamic protein-membrane interaction.

细胞膜在细胞生命周期中起着至关重要的作用,但关于其异质结构、调控和蛋白质相互作用还有很多需要了解的。此外,在研究特定的蛋白质动力学时,蛋白质-膜相互作用往往被忽视。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的工具,可以更好地了解蛋白质动力学和膜功能,使用活细胞和快速非侵入性技术,而无需单个颗粒跟踪。为此,我们使用2D-pair相关函数(2D-pCF)来研究细胞膜上的蛋白质相互作用。我们使用已知与质膜相互作用的GAP-mEGFP融合结构进行了数值模拟和共聚焦实验。我们的研究结果表明,基于定量的相关分析,如信号强度的二维对相关,可以实时表征蛋白质-膜相互作用。结合实验和数值结果,本工作为研究蛋白质-膜的动态相互作用提供了一种新的有力方法。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodal fluorescence imaging and spectroscopic techniques for oral cancer screening: a real-time approach. 口腔癌筛查的多模态荧光成像和光谱技术:一种实时方法。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf6ac
Pramila Thapa, Veena Singh, Sunil Bhatt, Kiran Maurya, Virendra Kumar, Vivek Nayyar, Kiran Jot, Deepika Mishra, Anurag Shrivastava, Dalip Singh Mehta

The survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients is very poor, but it can be improved using highly sensitive, specific, and accurate techniques. Autofluorescence and fluorescence techniques are very sensitive and helpful in cancer screening; being directly linked with the molecular levels of human tissue, they can be used as a quantitative tool for cancer detection. Here, we report the development of multi-modal autofluorescence and fluorescence imaging and spectroscopic (MAF-IS) smartphone-based systems for fast and real-time oral cancer screening. MAF-IS system is indigenously developed and offers the advantages of being a low-cost, handy, non-contact, non-invasive, and easily operable device that can be employed in hospitals, including low-resource settings. In this study, we report the results of 43 individuals with 28 OSCC and 15 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), i.e., epithelial dysplasia and oral submucous fibrosis, using the developed devices. We observed a red shift in fluorescence emission spectrain vivo. We found red-shift of 7.72 ± 6 nm, 3 ± 4.36 nm, and 1.33 ± 0.47 nm in the case of OSCC, epithelial dysplasia, and oral submucous fibrosis, respectively, compared to normal. The results were compared with histopathology and found to be consistent. Further, the MAF-IS system provides results in real-time with higher accuracy and sensitivity compared to devices using a single modality. Our system can achieve an accuracy of 97% with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.7%, respectively, even with a smaller number of patients (28 patients of OSCC). The proposed MAF-IS device has great potential for fast screening and diagnosis of oral cancer in the future.

口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)患者的生存率很低,但使用高灵敏度、特异性和准确性的技术可以提高生存率。自体荧光和荧光技术非常敏感,有助于癌症筛查;由于与人体组织的分子水平直接相关,它们可以用作癌症检测的定量工具。在这里,我们报告了基于智能手机的多模态自体荧光和荧光成像和光谱(MAF-IS)系统的发展,用于快速和实时口腔癌筛查。MAF-IS系统是自主开发的,具有低成本、方便、非接触、非侵入性和易于操作的优点,可用于医院,包括资源匮乏的环境。在这项研究中,我们报告了43例患有28例OSCC和15例口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMDs)(即上皮发育不良和口腔黏膜下纤维化)的患者使用该装置的结果。我们在体内观察到荧光发射光谱的红移。我们发现,与正常人相比,OSCC、上皮发育不良和口腔黏膜下纤维化的红移分别为7.72±6 nm、3±4.36 nm和1.33±0.47 nm。结果与组织病理学比较,发现是一致的。此外,与使用单一模态的设备相比,MAF-IS系统提供的实时结果具有更高的精度和灵敏度。即使在较少的患者(28例OSCC)中,我们的系统也能达到97%的准确率,100%的灵敏度和94.7%的特异性。本文提出的MAF-IS装置在口腔癌的快速筛查和诊断方面具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Quasi-equilibrium state based quantification of biological macromolecules in single-molecule localization microscopy. 单分子定位显微镜中基于准平衡态的生物大分子定量。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf546
Xuecheng Chen, Yaqian Li, Xiaowei Li, Jielin Sun, Daniel M Czajkowsky, Zhifeng Shao

The stoichiometry of molecular components within supramolecular biological complexes is often an important property to understand their biological functioning, particularly within their native environment. While there are well established methods to determine stoichiometryin vitro, it is presently challenging to precisely quantify this propertyin vivo,especially with single molecule resolution that is needed for the characterization stoichiometry heterogeneity. Previous work has shown that optical microscopy can provide some information to this end, but it can be challenging to obtain highly precise measurements at higher densities of fluorophores. Here we provide a simple approach using already established procedures in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to enable precise quantification of stoichiometry within individual complexes regardless of the density of fluorophores. We show that by focusing on the number of fluorophore detections accumulated during the quasi equilibrium-state of this process, this method yields a 50-fold improvement in precision over values obtained from images with higher densities of active fluorophores. Further, we show that our method yields more correct estimates of stoichiometry with nuclear pore complexes and is easily adaptable to quantify the DNA content with nanodomains of chromatin within individual chromosomes inside cells. Thus, we envision that this straightforward method may become a common approach by which SMLM can be routinely employed for the accurate quantification of subunit stoichiometry within individual complexes within cells.

超分子生物复合物中分子组分的化学计量学通常是了解其生物功能的重要性质,特别是在其天然环境中。虽然有很好的方法来确定体外化学计量学,但目前在体内精确量化这种特性是具有挑战性的,特别是在表征化学计量学异质性所需的单分子分辨率下。以前的工作已经表明,光学显微镜可以为此提供一些信息,但是在更高密度的荧光团下获得高度精确的测量可能具有挑战性。在这里,我们提供了一种简单的方法,使用单分子定位显微镜(SMLM)中已经建立的程序,无论荧光团的密度如何,都可以精确定量单个复合物内的化学计量学。我们表明,通过关注在该过程的准平衡状态中积累的荧光团检测的数量,该方法产生的精度比从具有较高活性荧光团密度的图像中获得的值提高50倍。此外,我们表明,我们的方法对核孔复合物的化学计量学产生了更正确的估计,并且很容易适用于定量细胞内单个染色体内染色质纳米结构域的DNA含量。因此,我们设想这种简单的方法可能成为一种常见的方法,通过这种方法,SMLM可以常规地用于精确定量细胞内单个复合物内的亚基化学计量。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid microwave synthesis of N and S dual-doped carbon quantum dots for natamycin determination based on fluorescence switch-off assay. 荧光关闭法快速微波合成N、S双掺杂碳量子点测定纳他霉素。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf119
Ali Abdel-Hakim, Fatallah Belal, Mohamed A Hammad, Mahmoud Hamed Elmaghrabey

Green, one-pot, quick, and easily synthesized nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CDs) were obtained from cheap and readily available chemicals (sucrose, urea, and thiourea) using a microwave-assisted approach in about 4 min and utilized as a turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of natamycin (NAT). First, the effect of N and S doping on the microwave-synthesized CDs' quantum yield was carefully studied. CDs derived from sucrose alone failed to produce a high quantum yield; then, to increase the quantum yield, doping with heteroatoms was carried out using either urea or thiourea. A slight increase in quantum yield was observed upon using thiourea with sucrose, while an obvious enhancement of quantum yield was obtained when urea was used instead of thiourea. Surprisingly, using a combination of urea and thiourea together results in N,S-CDs with the highest quantum yield (53.5%), uniform and small particle size distribution, and extended stability. The fluorescent signal of N,S-CDs was quenched upon addition of NAT due to inner filter effect and static quenching in a manner that allowed for quantitative determination of NAT over a range of 0.5-10.0μg ml-1(LOD = 0.10μg ml-1). The N,S-CDs were applicable for determination of NAT in aqueous humor, eye drops, different environmental water samples, and bread with excellent performance. The selectivity study indicated excellent selectivity of the prepared N,S-CDs toward NAT with little interference from possibly interfering substances. In-silico toxicological evaluation of NAT was conducted to estimate its long-term toxicity and drug-drug interactions. Finally, the preparation of N,S-CDs, and analytical procedure compliance with the green chemistry principles were confirmed by two greenness assessment tools.

绿色,一锅,快速,容易合成氮和硫共掺杂碳量子点(N,S-CDs)从廉价和容易获得的化学品(蔗糖,尿素和硫脲)使用微波辅助方法在大约4分钟内获得,并用作关闭荧光传感器用于估计纳他霉素(NAT)。首先,研究了N和S掺杂对微波合成CDs量子产率的影响。仅从蔗糖中提取的CDs不能产生高量子产率;然后,为了提高量子产率,用尿素或硫脲掺杂杂原子。硫脲与蔗糖一起使用时,量子产率略有提高,而用尿素代替硫脲时,量子产率有明显提高。令人惊讶的是,使用尿素和硫脲的组合得到的N,S-CDs具有最高的量子产率(53.5%),均匀而小的粒径分布和扩展的稳定性。N,S-CDs的荧光信号在加入NAT后由于内部过滤和静态猝灭作用而猝灭,可以在0.5 ~ 10.0μg ml-1(LOD = 0.10μg ml-1)范围内定量测定NAT。N、S-CDs可用于体液、滴眼液、不同环境水样、面包中NAT的测定,性能优良。选择性研究表明,所制备的N,S-CDs对NAT具有良好的选择性,且不受可能干扰物质的干扰。对NAT进行了计算机毒理学评价,以评估其长期毒性和药物-药物相互作用。最后,通过两种绿色评价工具验证了N、S-CDs的制备和分析过程是否符合绿色化学原则。
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引用次数: 0
DWH24: a new antibody for fluorescence-based cell death analysis. DWH24:一种荧光细胞死亡分析的新抗体。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aceed0
Anna Ryschich, Yan Dong, Michael Schäfer, Eduard Ryschich, Svetlana Karakhanova

Antibodies have gained considerable importance in laboratory and clinical settings. Currently, antibodies are extensively employed for the diagnosis and treatment of several human diseases. Herein, using targeted and cell immunisation approaches, we developed and characterised an antibody clone, DWH24. We found that DWH24 is an IgMκtype antibody that enables excellent visualisation and quantification of dead cells using immunofluorescence, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. This property was proved by the spontaneous cell death of several tumour cell lines and stimulated T cells, as well as after chemo- and photodynamic therapy. Unlike conventional apoptosis and cell death markers, DWH24 binding occurred in a Ca2+- and protein-independent manner and enabled live imaging of cell death progress, as shown using time-lapse microscopy. The binding specificity of DWH24 was analysed using a human proteome microarray, which revealed a complex response profile with very high spot intensities against various proteins, such as tropomyosin variants and FAM131C. Accordingly, DWH24 can be employed as a suitable tool for the cost-effective and universal analysis of cell death using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry.

抗体在实验室和临床环境中具有相当重要的意义。目前,抗体被广泛用于几种人类疾病的诊断和治疗。在这里,使用靶向和细胞免疫方法,我们开发并表征了抗体克隆DWH24。我们发现DWH24是一种igm - κ型抗体,可以使用免疫荧光、荧光显微镜和流式细胞术对死亡细胞进行出色的可视化和定量。这一特性被一些肿瘤细胞系和受刺激的T细胞的自发细胞死亡以及化疗和光动力治疗所证明。与传统的细胞凋亡和细胞死亡标志物不同,DWH24的结合以Ca2+和蛋白质不依赖的方式发生,可以实时成像细胞死亡过程,如延时显微镜所示。利用人类蛋白质组芯片分析了DWH24的结合特异性,发现DWH24对多种蛋白质(如原肌球蛋白变体和FAM131C)具有非常高的斑点强度的复杂反应谱。因此,DWH24可以作为一种合适的工具,使用荧光成像和流式细胞术进行低成本和通用的细胞死亡分析。
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引用次数: 0
Spectrofluorometric determination of cinacalcet hydrochloride: greenness assessment and application to biological fluids andin-vitrodissolution testing. 荧光分光光度法测定盐酸西那卡塞的绿度评价及其在生物体液和体外溶出度试验中的应用。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ace81b
Mona Abo Zaid, Nahed El Enany, Aziza E Mostafa, Ghada M Hadad, Fathalla Belal

A facile, simple, green and sensitive spectrofluorometric method was developed for determination of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet hydrochloride. It is used for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism. The drug showed high native fluorescence intensity at 320 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The method was linear over the range of 5.0-400.0 ng ml-1with excellent correlation (R2= 0.9999). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were 1.19 and 3.62 ng ml-1, respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 100.42% ± 1.39 (n=8). The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of cinacalcet in spiked human plasma samples with % recoveries of (87.23 to 109.69%). Two recent greenness metrics (GAPI and Analytical Eco-Scale) were chosen to prove the eco-friendly nature of the method. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to dissolution study of commercial cinacalcet tablets. The interference likely to be introduced by some commonly co-administrated drugs such as metoprolol and itraconazole was studied; the tolerance limits were calculated.

建立了一种快速、简便、绿色、灵敏的测定拟钙化药盐酸西那卡塞的荧光光谱法。它用于治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进。在280 nm激发后,药物在320 nm处显示出较高的天然荧光强度。该方法在5.0 ~ 400.0 ng ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2= 0.9999)。检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为1.19和3.62 ng ml-1。回收率为100.42%±1.39 (n=8)。该方法可用于加标人血浆样品中cinacalcet的测定,回收率为(87.23 ~ 109.69%)。两个最近的绿色指标(GAPI和分析生态尺度)被选择来证明该方法的环保性。并将该方法成功地应用于市售辛那卡塞片的溶出度研究。对美托洛尔、伊曲康唑等常用合用药物可能引起的干扰进行了研究;计算公差限值。
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引用次数: 1
Probing the potential toxicity of trimetazidine by characterizing its interaction with human serum albumin. 探讨曲美他嗪与人血清白蛋白相互作用的潜在毒性。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ace513
Aya Barseem, Fathalla Belal, Mokhtar Mabrouk, Sherin Hammad, Hytham Ahmed

The small molecular drugs pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics could be affected by human serum albumin (HSA) transport, so we studied the interaction between HSA and the widely used anti-ischemic agent, trimetazidine (TMZ), using different approaches. As shown by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, the interaction affects the microenvironment confirmation around tyrosine residues. The site-competitive experiments showed that TMZ had an affinity toward subdomain III A (site II) of HSA. The enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH and ΔS), which were 37.75 and 0.197 K J mol-1, respectively, showed that the predominant intermolecular interactions are hydrophobic forces. According to FTIR research, the interaction between HSA and TMZ caused polypeptide carbonyl-hydrogen bonds to rearrange. The HSA esterase enzyme activity was decreased with TMZ. Docking analysis confirmed the site-competitive experiments and thermodynamic results. This study demonstrated that TMZ interacted with HSA, and the structure and function of HSA were influenced by TMZ. This study could aid in understanding the pharmacokinetics of TMZ and provide basic data for safe use.

人血清白蛋白(HSA)转运会影响小分子药物的药效学和药代动力学,因此我们采用不同的方法研究了HSA与广泛使用的抗缺血性药物曲美他嗪(TMZ)的相互作用。同步荧光光谱显示,相互作用影响酪氨酸残基周围微环境的确认。位点竞争实验表明,TMZ对HSA的子结构域iia(位点II)具有亲和力。焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)分别为37.75 kj mol-1和0.197 kj mol-1,表明分子间相互作用主要是疏水力。FTIR研究表明,HSA与TMZ的相互作用导致多肽羰基-氢键重排。TMZ使HSA酯酶活性降低。对接分析证实了现场竞争实验和热力学结果。本研究表明TMZ与HSA相互作用,并影响HSA的结构和功能。本研究有助于了解TMZ的药动学,为其安全使用提供基础资料。
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引用次数: 0
Visualization of the composition of the urinary fluorescent metabolome. Why is it important to consider initial urine concentration? 尿荧光代谢组组成的可视化。为什么考虑初始尿浓度很重要?
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ace512
Katarína Dubayová, Anna Birková, Martin Lešo, Jaroslava Žilková, Anton Karabinoš, Mária Mareková, Marek Stupak

Urine is a highly complex fluorescent system, the fluorescence of which can be affected by many factors, including the often-ignored initial urine concentration in comprehensive fluorescent urine analysis. In this study, a total urine fluorescent metabolome profile (uTFMP) was created as a three-dimensional fluorescence profile of serial synchronous spectra of urine diluted by geometric progression. uTFMP was generated using software designed for this purpose after recalculating the 3D data concerning the initial urine concentration. It can be presented as a contour map (top view) or as a more illustrative and straightforward simple curve, thus usable in various medicinal applications.

尿液是一个高度复杂的荧光系统,其荧光受到许多因素的影响,包括在尿液综合荧光分析中经常被忽略的初始尿液浓度。在这项研究中,尿总荧光代谢组谱(uTFMP)被创建为一个三维荧光谱,通过几何级数稀释的尿液序列同步光谱。在重新计算初始尿浓度的3D数据后,使用为此目的设计的软件生成uTFMP。它可以以等高线图(俯视图)的形式呈现,也可以以更具说明性和直接的简单曲线的形式呈现,因此可用于各种医学应用。
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引用次数: 0
Quasi-equilibrium state based quantification of biological macromolecules in single-molecule localization microscopy 单分子定位显微镜中基于准平衡态的生物大分子定量
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549270
Xuecheng Chen, Yaqian Li, Xiaowei Li, Jielin Sun, D. Czajkowsky, Zhifeng Shao
The stoichiometry of molecular components within supramolecular biological complexes is often an important property to understand their biological functioning, particularly within their native environment. While there are well established methods to determine stoichiometry in vitro, it is presently challenging to precisely quantify this property in vivo, especially with single molecule resolution that is needed for the characterization stoichiometry heterogeneity. Previous work has shown that optical microscopy can provide some information to this end, but it can be challenging to obtain highly precise measurements at higher densities of fluorophores. Here we provide a simple approach using already established procedures in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to enable precise quantification of stoichiometry within individual complexes regardless of the density of fluorophores. We show that by focusing on the number of fluorophore detections accumulated during the quasi equilibrium-state of this process, this method yields a 50-fold improvement in precision over values obtained from images with higher densities of active fluorophores. Further, we show that our method yields more correct estimates of stoichiometry with nuclear pore complexes and is easily adaptable to quantify the DNA content with nanodomains of chromatin within individual chromosomes inside cells. Thus, we envision that this straightforward method may become a common approach by which SMLM can be routinely employed for the accurate quantification of subunit stoichiometry within individual complexes within cells.
超分子生物复合物中分子组分的化学计量学通常是了解其生物功能的重要性质,特别是在其天然环境中。虽然有很好的方法来确定体外化学计量,但目前在体内精确量化这一特性是具有挑战性的,特别是在表征化学计量异质性所需的单分子分辨率下。以前的工作已经表明,光学显微镜可以为此提供一些信息,但是在更高密度的荧光团下获得高度精确的测量可能具有挑战性。在这里,我们提供了一种简单的方法,使用单分子定位显微镜(SMLM)中已经建立的程序,无论荧光团的密度如何,都可以精确定量单个复合物内的化学计量学。我们表明,通过关注在该过程的准平衡状态中积累的荧光团检测的数量,该方法产生的精度比从具有较高活性荧光团密度的图像中获得的值提高50倍。此外,我们表明,我们的方法对核孔复合物的化学计量学产生了更正确的估计,并且很容易适用于定量细胞内单个染色体内染色质纳米结构域的DNA含量。因此,我们设想这种简单的方法可能成为一种常见的方法,通过这种方法,SMLM可以常规地用于精确定量细胞内单个复合物内的亚基化学计量。
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引用次数: 1
Excited-state properties of 6-methoxyflavone in the presence of halide ions in aqueous media. 卤化物离子存在下6-甲氧基黄酮的激发态性质。
IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ace152
Nisha Fatma, Sanjay Pant, Nupur Pandey, Mohan Singh Mehata

The present work investigated the influence of different halides on the excited state dynamics of 6-methoxyflavone (6MF) in an aqueous solution with steady-state and time-resolved techniques. On successive addition of I-and Br-ions, the fluorescence of 6MF quenched significantly, whereas the respective ions do not change the maximum fluorescence band. Fluorescence of 6MF was quenched 66% by I-ions and 34% by Br-ions. In a pure aqueous medium, both the H-bonded: CT and protonated species of 6MF participate in the quenching of fluorescence. The quenching process was categorized by Stern-Volmer (S-V) and Lehrer equations. Quenching parameters such as KSV, KSV-Land kqwere higher for I-ions than Br-ions. The decrease in fluorescence intensity and a reduction in fluorescence lifetime suggested the dynamic nature of quenching by I-ions following the electron transfer mechanism. Fluorescence quenching of 6MF has also been observed in the acidic medium in the presence of different halides. Thus, the study reveals that 6MF is responsive towards I-ions in a wide range of pH, specifically in a purely aqueous environment (pH∼7), hence important for sensing/detection applications.

本文采用稳态和时间分辨技术研究了不同卤化物对水溶液中6-甲氧基黄酮激发态动力学的影响。连续加入i -和br -离子后,6MF的荧光明显猝灭,而各自的离子不改变最大荧光带。6MF的荧光被i -离子猝灭66%,被br -离子猝灭34%。在纯水介质中,6MF的氢键CT和质子化物质都参与了荧光的猝灭。淬火过程用Stern-Volmer (S-V)方程和Lehrer方程进行了分类。i -离子的淬火参数KSV、KSV- land kq均高于br -离子。荧光强度的降低和荧光寿命的缩短表明了i离子在电子转移机制下猝灭的动态性质。在不同卤化物存在的酸性介质中也观察到6MF的荧光猝灭。因此,该研究表明,6MF在很宽的pH范围内对i离子有响应,特别是在纯水环境中(pH ~ 7),因此对传感/检测应用很重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Methods and Applications in Fluorescence
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