Trauma-associated hemorrhagic shock (THS) is the major leading cause of death worldwide with 1.9 million deaths per year. THS accounts for 30–40% of deaths of the patients brought to the emergency room do not survive the first 24 hours [1].
{"title":"Do Nucleic Acid–Binding Polymers (Nabps) May Be Reduce Proinflammatory Nucleic Acids Among Trauma-Associated Hemorrhagic Shock?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma-associated hemorrhagic shock (THS) is the major leading cause of death worldwide with 1.9 million deaths per year. THS accounts for 30–40% of deaths of the patients brought to the emergency room do not survive the first 24 hours [1].","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"136 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Marinova, V. Vasileva, N. Kahchiev, Katia Sergieva
Non-germ cell tumours (NGCTs) are rare intracranial neoplasms occurring in adolescents and young adults. A multidisciplinary team including a neurosurgeon, oncologist, radiologist, pathohistologist, ophthalmologist, pediatric oncohematologist, neurologist and endocrinologist is required for diagnosis and treatment. We present a rarely diagnosed optic-chiasmal non-germinomatous germ cell tumour (NGGCT) in a 16-year-old boy, accompanied by pituitary insufficiency (diabetes insipidus and central hypothyroidism) and severely impaired vision bilaterally. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the tumor biopsy, as well as the level of tumor markers (human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid are significant factors for determining the diagnosis-cranial GCT or cranial NGCT. Because the tumor was inoperable, we performed 3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy to a total tumor dose of 55 Gy. In such rare childhood brain tumors, complex treatment achieves long-term local tumor control, requiring long-term monitoring by an ophthalmologist and endocrinologist.
{"title":"Complex Treatment of A Rare Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Optic-Chiasmal Brain Tumor In An Adolescent Child-A Clinical Case With Literature Review","authors":"L. Marinova, V. Vasileva, N. Kahchiev, Katia Sergieva","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Non-germ cell tumours (NGCTs) are rare intracranial neoplasms occurring in adolescents and young adults. A multidisciplinary team including a neurosurgeon, oncologist, radiologist, pathohistologist, ophthalmologist, pediatric oncohematologist, neurologist and endocrinologist is required for diagnosis and treatment. We present a rarely diagnosed optic-chiasmal non-germinomatous germ cell tumour (NGGCT) in a 16-year-old boy, accompanied by pituitary insufficiency (diabetes insipidus and central hypothyroidism) and severely impaired vision bilaterally. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the tumor biopsy, as well as the level of tumor markers (human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid are significant factors for determining the diagnosis-cranial GCT or cranial NGCT. Because the tumor was inoperable, we performed 3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy to a total tumor dose of 55 Gy. In such rare childhood brain tumors, complex treatment achieves long-term local tumor control, requiring long-term monitoring by an ophthalmologist and endocrinologist.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"108 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a prevalent condition caused by a disorder of the cervical spine that is commonly accompanied by neck pain and headaches. There is limited research regarding interventions benefiting CGH long-term. Interventions geared toward the suboccipital musculature may be used to improve CGH symptoms due to their anatomical connection to the cervical spine. Purpose: To determine if an isolated manual stretch of the obliquus capitis inferior will create a change in muscle diameter and length and position of atlas relative to axis. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a single group of 36 subjects. Pre- and post-test measurements of the muscle diameter and length of the obliquus capitis inferior and the distance between atlas and axis were obtained using musculoskeletal ultrasound before and after our manual stretching intervention. Results: The results showed a significant increase in both measures, indicating increased length of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior and the distance between the transverse process of C1 and spinous process of C2 after the manual stretch was applied. The average width of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior was found to be 1.01 cm prior to applying the manual stretch and 1.99 cm after applying the manual stretch, demonstrating an increase in the width of the R OCI pre- and post-stretch. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the application of a manual static stretch held for 2x30 seconds will produce and immediate and significant increases in muscle length and width of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior. Further research should be conducted to establish validated stretching parameters targeting the suboccipital muscles and further examine the effects of these muscles on CGH symptoms
{"title":"Musculoskeletal Ultrasound to Identify Changes in Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscle & Position of Atlas After a Manual Stretch","authors":"Allison Burek, Hannah Jacobs, Rob Sillevis","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a prevalent condition caused by a disorder of the cervical spine that is commonly accompanied by neck pain and headaches. There is limited research regarding interventions benefiting CGH long-term. Interventions geared toward the suboccipital musculature may be used to improve CGH symptoms due to their anatomical connection to the cervical spine. Purpose: To determine if an isolated manual stretch of the obliquus capitis inferior will create a change in muscle diameter and length and position of atlas relative to axis. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a single group of 36 subjects. Pre- and post-test measurements of the muscle diameter and length of the obliquus capitis inferior and the distance between atlas and axis were obtained using musculoskeletal ultrasound before and after our manual stretching intervention. Results: The results showed a significant increase in both measures, indicating increased length of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior and the distance between the transverse process of C1 and spinous process of C2 after the manual stretch was applied. The average width of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior was found to be 1.01 cm prior to applying the manual stretch and 1.99 cm after applying the manual stretch, demonstrating an increase in the width of the R OCI pre- and post-stretch. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the application of a manual static stretch held for 2x30 seconds will produce and immediate and significant increases in muscle length and width of the right Obliquus Capitis Inferior. Further research should be conducted to establish validated stretching parameters targeting the suboccipital muscles and further examine the effects of these muscles on CGH symptoms","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. J. Al-Abedi, Tabarak H. Jendeel, Bent Al-Huda, K. Owed, Baneen S. Howedi, Baneen S Qomar, Baneen A. Turkey, Baneen E. Najem
Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which remains uncontrolled and neglected transmissible disease in many countries including Iraq. Aim: Estimating the incidence rate and association of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to different demographic risk factors including season, geographic area, gender, age, and distribution of lesions on different body’s regions. Materials and methods: Totally, 224 individuals who diagnosed as patients with CL were attended to the governmental hospitals in Wasit province (Iraq) during the year of 2023, and subjected for this questionnaire to collect the required data. Results: The findings of demographic risk factors were showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in their values. Concerning season, significant highest levels of CL (P<0.0357) was recorded in February 29.91% and January 24.11%, while the lowest values were seen in December (0%), September (1.97%), June (2.23%), April (3.13%), August (3.57%), July (4.02%), October (4.91%), and November (6.25%) in comparison to March (14.73%). Significantly (P<0.0185), the higher rate for incidence of leishmaniasis was seen in AlAziziyah (46.43%); whereas, the lower rates were observed in An Numaniyah (2.68%), Al-Hai (5.8%) and Al-Suwaira (759%) in comparison with Kut (37.5%) district. For gender of study patients, males were showed a significant increase (P<0.0442) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis (58.93%) when compared to females (41.07%). Regarding age, significant increases (P<0.0422) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis was reported in patients aged ≤ 20 years (57.14%) and lowest in patients aged ≥ 40 years (31.25%); while in patients of 21-39 years old, it was 11.61%. Distribution of lesions on the body of study patients showed that the incidence of disease was increased significantly (P<0.0278) in legs and abdomen (38.39%) and arms (32.59%); and reduced significantly in all the body (0.45%), back (0.45%), chest (0.89% (2/224)), abdomen (1.34%), and neck (3.13%) when compared to face (22.77%). According to type of lesion, the dry lesions (97.32%) were increased significantly (P<0.0122) when compared to wet lesions (2.68%). Conclusion: This might represent the first recent retrospective study for analysis of documented cases of CL in Wasit province (Iraq). This study concludes that the CL disease is sex, age, seasonal and geographical dependent and it is with continuously increasing in Iraq. To further contain CL incidence and morbidity, there is a need for more intensified preventive research programs into improved vector control, vaccines, and diagnostics.
{"title":"Demographic Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients of Wasit Province, Iraq","authors":"G. J. Al-Abedi, Tabarak H. Jendeel, Bent Al-Huda, K. Owed, Baneen S. Howedi, Baneen S Qomar, Baneen A. Turkey, Baneen E. Najem","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which remains uncontrolled and neglected transmissible disease in many countries including Iraq. Aim: Estimating the incidence rate and association of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to different demographic risk factors including season, geographic area, gender, age, and distribution of lesions on different body’s regions. Materials and methods: Totally, 224 individuals who diagnosed as patients with CL were attended to the governmental hospitals in Wasit province (Iraq) during the year of 2023, and subjected for this questionnaire to collect the required data. Results: The findings of demographic risk factors were showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in their values. Concerning season, significant highest levels of CL (P<0.0357) was recorded in February 29.91% and January 24.11%, while the lowest values were seen in December (0%), September (1.97%), June (2.23%), April (3.13%), August (3.57%), July (4.02%), October (4.91%), and November (6.25%) in comparison to March (14.73%). Significantly (P<0.0185), the higher rate for incidence of leishmaniasis was seen in AlAziziyah (46.43%); whereas, the lower rates were observed in An Numaniyah (2.68%), Al-Hai (5.8%) and Al-Suwaira (759%) in comparison with Kut (37.5%) district. For gender of study patients, males were showed a significant increase (P<0.0442) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis (58.93%) when compared to females (41.07%). Regarding age, significant increases (P<0.0422) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis was reported in patients aged ≤ 20 years (57.14%) and lowest in patients aged ≥ 40 years (31.25%); while in patients of 21-39 years old, it was 11.61%. Distribution of lesions on the body of study patients showed that the incidence of disease was increased significantly (P<0.0278) in legs and abdomen (38.39%) and arms (32.59%); and reduced significantly in all the body (0.45%), back (0.45%), chest (0.89% (2/224)), abdomen (1.34%), and neck (3.13%) when compared to face (22.77%). According to type of lesion, the dry lesions (97.32%) were increased significantly (P<0.0122) when compared to wet lesions (2.68%). Conclusion: This might represent the first recent retrospective study for analysis of documented cases of CL in Wasit province (Iraq). This study concludes that the CL disease is sex, age, seasonal and geographical dependent and it is with continuously increasing in Iraq. To further contain CL incidence and morbidity, there is a need for more intensified preventive research programs into improved vector control, vaccines, and diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irradiation exposure could affect the cellular genome and specifically target genes, such as TP53 gene. The TP53 gene is known as a “guardian of the genome” and is a tumor suppressor gene. Its role is to keep the cell of malignant transformation. After ionizing radiation exposure, the TP53 could mutate and the cell could continue to active proliferation (tumor cellular transformation). It has been noticed that different type of substances could have radioprotective effect and to protect the cell of malignant transformation, apoptosis, genome injuries or necrosis. Some of the natural metabolites that are proven antioxidants, show significant ability of radiation protection of the cells. The aim of that study is to analyze the possible radioprotection ability of two origin metabolites (amino acids)–trimethyl glycine (betaine) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, applied together and in combination, first before irradiation (preventive treatment) and then 2 hours after irradiation (as a therapeutic agents). The research work is done as invitro analysis to peripheral blood cell cultures. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that both amino acids showed good radiation protection activity after in-vitro performed analysis. The most significant results showed the combination of both natural metabolites.
{"title":"Research of the Potential Radioprotective Activity of Trimethyl Glycine and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine with Quantitative Analysis Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"The irradiation exposure could affect the cellular genome and specifically target genes, such as TP53 gene. The TP53 gene is known as a “guardian of the genome” and is a tumor suppressor gene. Its role is to keep the cell of malignant transformation. After ionizing radiation exposure, the TP53 could mutate and the cell could continue to active proliferation (tumor cellular transformation). It has been noticed that different type of substances could have radioprotective effect and to protect the cell of malignant transformation, apoptosis, genome injuries or necrosis. Some of the natural metabolites that are proven antioxidants, show significant ability of radiation protection of the cells. The aim of that study is to analyze the possible radioprotection ability of two origin metabolites (amino acids)–trimethyl glycine (betaine) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, applied together and in combination, first before irradiation (preventive treatment) and then 2 hours after irradiation (as a therapeutic agents). The research work is done as invitro analysis to peripheral blood cell cultures. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that both amino acids showed good radiation protection activity after in-vitro performed analysis. The most significant results showed the combination of both natural metabolites.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that only man is capable of endurance running and in this sense he has no equal among animals. Why do other animals have us beat over short distances, but are not able to run long distances as long as humans? There are different answers. Walking upright has allowed us to become some of the best distance runners in the world, but at the expense of speed. It is also believed that to run long distances on the African savannah man needed to have an effective cooling system and it is believed that man has developed one. Firstly, heat exchange improved due to the disappearance of fur. Secondly, humans learned to sweat intensively. They also attach importance to the diet and the lifestyle. There are other answers, but they have little relevance to the question discussed here. Can the above answers be considered exhaustive? We believe that there is another important factor unique to man, which ultimately allowed him to occupy the top of the food chain. This factor is the peculiarity of the heat-conducting ability of the human body. Man became a good long-distance runner because among animals he has the most highly heat-conducting body, which allowed him to effectively dissipate excess heat outside the body.
{"title":"Why Humans are Better Endurance Runners than Any Other Animal?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that only man is capable of endurance running and in this sense he has no equal among animals. Why do other animals have us beat over short distances, but are not able to run long distances as long as humans? There are different answers. Walking upright has allowed us to become some of the best distance runners in the world, but at the expense of speed. It is also believed that to run long distances on the African savannah man needed to have an effective cooling system and it is believed that man has developed one. Firstly, heat exchange improved due to the disappearance of fur. Secondly, humans learned to sweat intensively. They also attach importance to the diet and the lifestyle. There are other answers, but they have little relevance to the question discussed here. Can the above answers be considered exhaustive? We believe that there is another important factor unique to man, which ultimately allowed him to occupy the top of the food chain. This factor is the peculiarity of the heat-conducting ability of the human body. Man became a good long-distance runner because among animals he has the most highly heat-conducting body, which allowed him to effectively dissipate excess heat outside the body.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"104 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There is lack of literature on long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in children who have survived persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN). Objective: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes at preschool age 38 months and subsequently, assess full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 86 months in children post therapy for severe PPHN. Methods: Study of 81 children successfully treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation, exogenous surfactant, inhaled nitric oxide (n=37) and intragastric sildenafil (n=44) for severe PPHN. Developmental assessment was performed at age 38 months with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third EditionUK (Bayley-III). Intellectual ability was evaluated at age 86 months with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth EditionUK (WISC-IV FSIQ). Composite scores are presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) in parenthesis. Results: Bayley-III scores in sixty-six (81%) children at age 38 months, for developmental domains were between 106 and 114 (normal: ≥ 85). Ten percent had mild neurological impairment (70-84) and 9% showed moderate to severe delay (55 -69). Neurologically normal children (81%) at age 86 months scored either average (90-109) or high-average (110-119) with WISC-IV. FSIQ was 112.09 (13.20). Mild severity of neurological disability occurred in 10% with FSIQ: 64.19 (8.79). Moderate severity of impairment was observed in 9% with FSIQ: 46.44 (8.52). Conclusions: Qualitatively, eighty-one percent of neurologically normal children at age 7.2 years showed average to high-average intelligence. Incidence of normal neurological development and intelligence quotient was 81% in children treated for severe PPHN
{"title":"Neurodevelopmental Outcome at Preschool Age 38-months and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient Evaluation at Age 7.2-years: In Children Treated for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.09.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is lack of literature on long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in children who have survived persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN). Objective: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes at preschool age 38 months and subsequently, assess full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 86 months in children post therapy for severe PPHN. Methods: Study of 81 children successfully treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation, exogenous surfactant, inhaled nitric oxide (n=37) and intragastric sildenafil (n=44) for severe PPHN. Developmental assessment was performed at age 38 months with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third EditionUK (Bayley-III). Intellectual ability was evaluated at age 86 months with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth EditionUK (WISC-IV FSIQ). Composite scores are presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) in parenthesis. Results: Bayley-III scores in sixty-six (81%) children at age 38 months, for developmental domains were between 106 and 114 (normal: ≥ 85). Ten percent had mild neurological impairment (70-84) and 9% showed moderate to severe delay (55 -69). Neurologically normal children (81%) at age 86 months scored either average (90-109) or high-average (110-119) with WISC-IV. FSIQ was 112.09 (13.20). Mild severity of neurological disability occurred in 10% with FSIQ: 64.19 (8.79). Moderate severity of impairment was observed in 9% with FSIQ: 46.44 (8.52). Conclusions: Qualitatively, eighty-one percent of neurologically normal children at age 7.2 years showed average to high-average intelligence. Incidence of normal neurological development and intelligence quotient was 81% in children treated for severe PPHN","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthritis is one the almost commonly prevalent painful diseases which cause limit the movement of joints. This study conducts to investigate histological alterations resulted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-induced in mice and estimating the levels of some serum biomarkers including serum IL-6, CRP and RF. Totally, 30 were purchased, acclimated, and divided into two groups; control that injected distilled water, and arthritis that injected adjuvant (CFA). Post the 25th day of experiment, all study mice of both groups were subjected for collection of blood and right ankle joints. Serologically, the findings of IL-6, CRP and RF of arthritis group were elevated significantly when compare to control mice. Histologically, the findings observed in mice of control group were included the proliferation of chondrocytes of articular cartilage with moderate cellular and subchondral marrow space, infiltration few inflammatory cells in dermis, proliferation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage with absence of inflammatory reaction in synovial cavity, moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells in subcutaneous tissue, nearly normal articular cartilage with regular tidemark and absence of sclerosis in marrow spaces, regenerative articular cartilage and regular tidemark line with presence of very narrow distance between articular cartilage and marrow bone, and existence of normal bone trabeculae. In arthritis mice, there were an infiltration of inflammatory cells in subcutaneous tissues and dermis, marked increases in numbers of osteoclasts, sclerosis, regular tidemark and proliferation of chondrocytes, low amonunt of abscesses in subcutaneous tissue, thickness of bone trabeculae, fragments of bone, subchondral sclerosis, moderate distance between bone and articular cartilage. In conclussion, RA causes severe impacts on tissues of affected joints. Studying the mechanism of inhibition during different inflammatory process appear needed.
{"title":"Histological Evaluation of Arthritis in Mice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.08.12.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.08.12.04","url":null,"abstract":"Arthritis is one the almost commonly prevalent painful diseases which cause limit the movement of joints. This study conducts to investigate histological alterations resulted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-induced in mice and estimating the levels of some serum biomarkers including serum IL-6, CRP and RF. Totally, 30 were purchased, acclimated, and divided into two groups; control that injected distilled water, and arthritis that injected adjuvant (CFA). Post the 25th day of experiment, all study mice of both groups were subjected for collection of blood and right ankle joints. Serologically, the findings of IL-6, CRP and RF of arthritis group were elevated significantly when compare to control mice. Histologically, the findings observed in mice of control group were included the proliferation of chondrocytes of articular cartilage with moderate cellular and subchondral marrow space, infiltration few inflammatory cells in dermis, proliferation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage with absence of inflammatory reaction in synovial cavity, moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells in subcutaneous tissue, nearly normal articular cartilage with regular tidemark and absence of sclerosis in marrow spaces, regenerative articular cartilage and regular tidemark line with presence of very narrow distance between articular cartilage and marrow bone, and existence of normal bone trabeculae. In arthritis mice, there were an infiltration of inflammatory cells in subcutaneous tissues and dermis, marked increases in numbers of osteoclasts, sclerosis, regular tidemark and proliferation of chondrocytes, low amonunt of abscesses in subcutaneous tissue, thickness of bone trabeculae, fragments of bone, subchondral sclerosis, moderate distance between bone and articular cartilage. In conclussion, RA causes severe impacts on tissues of affected joints. Studying the mechanism of inhibition during different inflammatory process appear needed.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is now accepted that the human microbiome plays a key role in human health, and disturbances in the microbiome can cause or aggravate a range of diseases, from metabolic to immune disorders and mood disorders [1]. In addition, microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis may arise due to careless use of antibiotics in humans and animals, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that may compromise the effectiveness of antibiotics, so there is an urgent need to identify and develop new strategies to combat antibiotics resistance [2,3]. So far, probiotics are considered as perspective alternatives to antibiotics [4]. Probiotics are defined by the FAO/WHO as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” and they are successfully used for preservation of the microbial community [5].Moreover, bacteriocin-producing commensal microbes have the capacity to eliminate specific colonizing pathogens from various human body sites, and, as many bacteriocins have only narrow activity ranges they can be used for precision therapy and infections prevention [6]. Lactic acid bacteria, particularly lactobacilli, are the best known probiotics that modulate the immune system, and produce significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including bacteriocins, to eliminate pathogens and limit the clinical effects of antibiotic use [7, 8].
{"title":"Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria against Hospital Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.08.12.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.08.12.03","url":null,"abstract":"It is now accepted that the human microbiome plays a key role in human health, and disturbances in the microbiome can cause or aggravate a range of diseases, from metabolic to immune disorders and mood disorders [1]. In addition, microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis may arise due to careless use of antibiotics in humans and animals, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that may compromise the effectiveness of antibiotics, so there is an urgent need to identify and develop new strategies to combat antibiotics resistance [2,3]. So far, probiotics are considered as perspective alternatives to antibiotics [4]. Probiotics are defined by the FAO/WHO as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” and they are successfully used for preservation of the microbial community [5].Moreover, bacteriocin-producing commensal microbes have the capacity to eliminate specific colonizing pathogens from various human body sites, and, as many bacteriocins have only narrow activity ranges they can be used for precision therapy and infections prevention [6]. Lactic acid bacteria, particularly lactobacilli, are the best known probiotics that modulate the immune system, and produce significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including bacteriocins, to eliminate pathogens and limit the clinical effects of antibiotic use [7, 8].","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"316 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commotio Cordis (CC) is a rare but potentially fatal condition that occurs when a blunt impact to the chest causes ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death. CC is most common in teenage males who participate in sports, but it can occur in people of all ages. The mechanical distortion of the myocardium caused by trauma can lead to inappropriate depolarization and myocardial firing, which can cause arrhythmias. Immediate identification and defibrillation are crucial to reducing mortality rates. Currently available screening tools for CC, such as the electrocardiogram (EKG), stress EKG, or echocardiogram, lack sensitivity for primary prevention. The pathogenesis of CC is influenced by a variety of factors, including the location, velocity, shape, and hardness of the impact object, as well as biological characteristics like gender, chest wall flexibility, and genetic susceptibility. The ion channels involved in arrhythmia generation in CC are thought to be stretch-activated channels (SACs). Diagnosis is based on a history of chest wall blunt trauma, and treatment includes immediate supportive care and defibrillation according to BLS and ACLS protocols. The currently available chest wall protectors have not been shown to prevent CC, and improving sports equipment may help reduce the incidence of CC. A famous American football player incident in which he collapsed after making a tackle during the first quarter of the Bills' game against the Cincinnati Bengals on January 2, 2023, is a notable case of commotio cordis (CC) in a football player. This incident is unusual because helmets are not typically associated with CC, which is usually caused by external blunt force trauma to the chest with small balls, hockey pucks, or even a blow. The player, who fortunately survived the event, was relatively older than the recorded mean age for CC and has a more rigid chest wall. It is unclear whether this case is an exception or if helmets can pose a risk for CC in certain circumstances. The case highlights the need for continued research and awareness of CC to improve prevention and management strategies for sudden cardiac arrest in sports. Despite being an ancient condition, CC remains a tragic event, and further research is needed to improve preventive measures and reduce mortality rates.
{"title":"From Innocuous Contact to Sudden Death in Sports: An Overview of Commotio Cordis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/mcr.08.12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.08.12.02","url":null,"abstract":"Commotio Cordis (CC) is a rare but potentially fatal condition that occurs when a blunt impact to the chest causes ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death. CC is most common in teenage males who participate in sports, but it can occur in people of all ages. The mechanical distortion of the myocardium caused by trauma can lead to inappropriate depolarization and myocardial firing, which can cause arrhythmias. Immediate identification and defibrillation are crucial to reducing mortality rates. Currently available screening tools for CC, such as the electrocardiogram (EKG), stress EKG, or echocardiogram, lack sensitivity for primary prevention. The pathogenesis of CC is influenced by a variety of factors, including the location, velocity, shape, and hardness of the impact object, as well as biological characteristics like gender, chest wall flexibility, and genetic susceptibility. The ion channels involved in arrhythmia generation in CC are thought to be stretch-activated channels (SACs). Diagnosis is based on a history of chest wall blunt trauma, and treatment includes immediate supportive care and defibrillation according to BLS and ACLS protocols. The currently available chest wall protectors have not been shown to prevent CC, and improving sports equipment may help reduce the incidence of CC. A famous American football player incident in which he collapsed after making a tackle during the first quarter of the Bills' game against the Cincinnati Bengals on January 2, 2023, is a notable case of commotio cordis (CC) in a football player. This incident is unusual because helmets are not typically associated with CC, which is usually caused by external blunt force trauma to the chest with small balls, hockey pucks, or even a blow. The player, who fortunately survived the event, was relatively older than the recorded mean age for CC and has a more rigid chest wall. It is unclear whether this case is an exception or if helmets can pose a risk for CC in certain circumstances. The case highlights the need for continued research and awareness of CC to improve prevention and management strategies for sudden cardiac arrest in sports. Despite being an ancient condition, CC remains a tragic event, and further research is needed to improve preventive measures and reduce mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":186238,"journal":{"name":"Medical & Clinical Research","volume":"70 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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